问题三：
The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.
it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.
主干it is simply the mode.
by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.为定语从句，修饰the mode；
可以这样理解
all phenomena are reasoned about by the mode.
all phenomena are given precise and exact explanation by the mode.
另外：nothing but：only
问题四：it is perhaps not an exaggeration to say that we shall soon
be trusting our health ,wealth and happiness to elements with ____
very names the general public are unfamiliar .
我的问题是这个 very names 是什么意思啊？
回答：
查查字典就明白了：
very :itself, himself, etc and no other; actual; truly such 正是的; 实在的; 真正的:
* This is the very book I want! 这正是我想要的书!
* At that very moment the phone rang. 正好在那个时候电话铃响了.
* You\'re the very man I want to see. 你就是我想见的人.
* These pills are the very thing for your cold. 这些药丸才是治你感冒的药.
it is perhaps not an exaggeration to say that we shall soon be trusting our health ,wealth and happiness to elements with whose very names the general public are unfamiliar.
完整的句子是这个吧。
首先要知道这样的短语，be familiar with sth.
那么就不难看出with whose very names the general public are unfamiliar.是做定语从句，修饰elements的。
也许你查不到trust sth. to sth.的短语，但它是存在的，事实上存在的词组，词典上不可能完全收集到的，它的意思我们可以根据句意推断为：把...寄托在....，意思类似于, depend ...on...,
在考场上你不是能搞明白试卷上的所有东西的，但是我们可以根据已经掌握到的知识去推断。如果这句话的定语从句与“be familiar with sth.”你都没看出来，那也没有办法。你的基础啊！
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The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.
这句话中的短语我们可以抽出 reason about phenomena 是不是？
用“提出”，\"提出现象\"怎么讲得通呢？是“解释”之意，就与一般的reason做动词时的意思一样的。
think: To reason about or reflect on; ponder[American Heritage Dictionary, 4th Edition ]
另外我上面给出的链接只是想证明这个短语的存在，你就不能看看句子，然后推断reason about在其中的意思？一个大学生应该有这种总结归纳的能力吧。
[s:9] 好久没有在这里提问咯！但今天，我又来了！
1、and yet when anyone of us has seen that which to him is beautiful he has known an
emotion which is in every case the same in kind.
对于这个句子我的疑问是两处，这个句子中he has known an emotion 是做什么成分？还有the same in kind 是固定短语吗？我对于这个的翻译不太理解？好像意思重复咯。
2、if we are ever going to protect the atmosphere,it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.
这里的ever应该怎么理解？
3、the first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit ,stand up or lie down to write.这个句子中inevitable这个词应该怎么理解呢？
1、and yet when anyone of us has seen that which to him is beautiful he has known an emotion which is in every case the same in kind.
对于这个句子我的疑问是两处，这个句子中he has known an emotion 是做什么成分？还有
the same in kind 是固定短语吗？我对于这个的翻译不太理解？好像意思重复咯。
answer: he has known an emotion做beautiful 的定语。the same in kind 可以翻译成“同样的一类事物”，应该不是固定短语吧？！
2、if we are ever going to protect the atmosphere,it is crucial that those new
plants be environmentally sound.
这里的ever应该怎么理解？
answer： ever 为“的确”
3、the first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit ,stand up or lie down to write.这个句子中inevitable这个词应该怎么理解呢？
answer：inevitable 与 the 连用，可以翻译成“不可避免的事情”，主要强调事情。
翻译成：首先草案将显示在网页上只有当你停止避免不可避免的，坐下，站起来或躺下给我们写信。
[s:5] 我的这些解释也是自我理解的，如果有高手，欢迎批阅~~
楼主
惭愧啊。俺的基础确实不怎么好！所以有时就会想找点捷径，却被看穿了。[s:5]