1 .Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.
【考核知识点】宾语从句和并列结构 【结构分析】本句主干结构是: Darwin (主语) + was convinced (谓语) + that 引导的宾语从句。宾语从句有 not only...but...引导的并列结构: the loss of these tastes (主语) + not only was + but might be。其中 and more probably to...又和 be injurious to...形成并列成分。 【翻译要点】本句中的动词 convince 有两种用法,如果主语是物,它应用主动态,如果主语是人,它应用被动态,但是用被动态的时候一定要知道它是形式被动,内容主动,所以这
句话应译为“达尔文确信”,而绝不能译成“别人相信达尔文”。 【参考译文】 达尔文确信,没有了这些爱好不只是少了乐趣,而且可能会有损于一个人的思维能力,更有可能导致一个人道德品质的下降。
2.It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience, but this effect is not a part of its original motive.
【考核知识点】 词性转换及 of 短语的译法 【结构分析】 句子主干是 It may be said that。It 是形式主语,that 引导的是主语从句,为真正的主语; any social institution 是 worth 的后置定语, enlarging and improving experienceofin是 its effect 的后置定语,but 连接表转折关系的并列句。 【翻译要点】 it may be said 是固定句型,在翻译时往往变被动为主动,译为“或许可以说”或“可以认为”。measure 在此是名词,译时应转化为动词,才符合中文习惯。 【参考译文】 或许可以说,衡量任何一个社会机构的价值主要是看它的丰富和提升人们的经验上所起的作用,但是这种作用并不是它们最初动机的一部分。