下载地址:http://free.100xuexi.com/Ebook/139202.html
目录 封面
内容简介
目录
2015年10月全国自考《现代语言学》真题及详解
2015年4月全国自考《现代语言学》真题及详解
2014年10月全国自考《现代语言学》真题及详解
2014年4月全国自考《现代语言学》真题及详解
2013年10月全国自考《现代语言学》真题及详解
2013年1月全国自考《现代语言学》真题及详解
2012年10月全国自考《现代语言学》真题及详解
2012年1月全国自考《现代语言学》真题及详解
2011年10月全国自考《现代语言学》真题及详解
2011年1月全国自考《现代语言学》真题及详解
内容简介
真题是每个考生复习备考必不可少的资料，而拥有一份权威、正确的参考答案尤为重要，通过研究历年真题能洞悉考试出题难度和题型，了解常考章节与重要考点，能有效指明复习方向。本考试科目代码为00830。
本书是全国高等教育自学考试的复习备考配套辅导资料，根据考试大纲的考察要求，结合相关考试辅导教材及复习资料精心编写而成，主要包括本考试最新历年真题及详解。精选10套考试真题，每道真题均提供名师详细解析。考生既可体验真实考试，也可测试自己水平。
为保证产品质量，圣才学习网每年会根据当年最新考试要求等对本书进行改版升级，我们一旦对该产品的内容有所修订、完善（如一旦获得最新版真题，将予以更新上传），系统将提醒学员下载升级，获得最新版本的产品内容。真正做到一次购买，终身使用。
本书更多内容>>
使用说明
内容预览
2015年10月全国自考《现代语言学》真题及详解
课程代码：00830
选择题部分
I.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which oneof the four choices best completes the statement and blacken the correspondingletter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (2% × 10=20%)
1. A study of thefeatures of the English language used in Charles Dickens’time can be regardedas a _____ study.
A. diachronic
B. prescriptive
C. synchronic
D. historical
【答案】C
【解析】研究某一时期的语言特征属于共时研究，故选C项。
2. Of the followingconsonants, _____ is dental.
A. [t]
B. [p]
C. [?]
D. [θ]
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】[θ]是舌齿音，故D项正确。[t]是齿龈音（alveolar），[p]爆破音（plosive），[?]是腭音（palatal）。
3. The inflectionalmorpheme in the word “deforestated” is _____.
A.de-
B. forest
C.-ate
D. -ed
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】曲折词素指的是不改变单词意思而改变单词词性的词素，-ed将单词由动词变为形容词，属于曲折词素，故D项正确。de-和-ate是派生词素，forest是词根。
4. The syntactic rulesof any language are _____ in number, and yet there is no limit to the number ofsentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.
A. finite
B. non-finite
C. infinite
D. definite
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】任何语言的句法规则都是有限的，但是人们能够制造并理解无数句子，这是由语言的递归性和二重性决定的，故A项正确。
5. In English, wordssuch as “knight” and “night”, “rain” and “rein” are typical examples of______.
A. homographs
B. hyponyms
C. homophones
D. antonyms
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】knight和night以及rain和rein是同音异形词，故选C项。homograph同形异义词。hyponym下义词。antonym反义词。
6. The followinginterpretations of the sentence “I am still young” are all typical instances ofits pragmatic analysis EXCEPT “_____”.
A.I am supposed to do more work
B.‘I’ is a subject while ‘amstill young’ is its predicate
C.I have potentials to realize mydream
D. Please forgive my innocence
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】A、C、D三项都是对Iam still young的语用分析，不同的情境下有不同的理解。而B项是对句子的语义理解，流于表面，脱离了语境，不属于语用分析，故选B项。
7. The word “edit” iscreated by means of _____.
A. clipping
B. blending
C. acronymy
D. back-formation
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】edit一词是由editor去掉后缀而来，属于逆生法，故D项正确。clipping剪切法。blending拼缀法。acronymy缩略法。
8. A linguistic _____refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the “polite”society fromgeneral use.
A. slang
B. euphemism
C. taboo
D. jargon
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】语言禁忌指为礼貌社会所禁止的词语或表达，故选C项。slang俚语。euphemism委婉语。jargon行话。
9. The neurobiologist Eric Lenneberg is a major proponent of the idea that_____.
A. there is a distinction betweenacquisition and learning
B. there is an interrelationshipbetween language and thinking
C. there is a critical period forlanguage acquisition
D.language influences thinking
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】埃里克·列宁伯格提出了语言习得关键期的理论，故选C项。习得和学习的区别由克拉申提出的，语言和思维的关系以及语言影响思维是由萨丕尔和沃尔夫提出的。
10. In general,children have virtually acquired the basic fabric of their native language atthe age of _____.
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. five
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】总体而言，儿童实际上在五六岁时就掌握了母语的基本结构。故选D项。
非选择题部分
II. Directions: Fillin the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the firstletter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONEword only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%× 10=10%)
11.While humancapacity for language has a genetic basis, the details of any language systemare not genetically transmitted, but instead c_____ transmitted.
【答案】culturally查看答案
【解析】人类的语言能力有着遗传基础，但是任何语言体系的细节知识通常不是通过遗传来传递，而是通过文化来传递。
12.The short vowelsare all lax vowels and the long vowels are all t_____ vowels.
【答案】tense
【解析】短元音是松元音，发音时不需要紧绷肌肉；长元音是紧元音，发音时需要紧绷肌肉。
13. The combination oftwo or sometimes more than two words to create new words are called c_____.
【答案】compounding查看答案
【解析】将两个或两个以上单词合在一起的构词法叫做合成法。
14.Such words as“that”,“if” and “until”, which function as introductory words in most embeddedclauses, are called s_____.
【答案】subordinator查看答案
【解析】that、if和until等词在多数嵌入式从句中作为引导词，它们是主从连词。
15. S_____ isconcerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form, which is abstractand independent from context.
【答案】Semantics查看答案
【解析】语义学关注语言形式的原本意义，其是抽象并脱离语境的。
16.“Do not say whatyou believe to be false” is required by the maxim of q_____ under thecooperative principle
【答案】quality查看答案
【解析】“不要说你认为错误的事情”是合作原则下质量原则的要求。
17.In the course ofthe historical development of English, a change that involves the insertion ofa consonant or vowel sound to the middle of a word is known as e_____.
【答案】epenthesis查看答案
【解析】在英语的发展过程中，在单词中间插入一个辅音或元音叫做插音。
18.A pidginizeddialect may expand and has eventually become the native language of a certainpopulation, which is then called a c_____.
【答案】creole查看答案
【解析】一种洋泾浜方言可能扩展，最终成为某一特定人群的母语，这时它又叫克里奥语。
19.Linguistic l_____is the brain’s neurological specialization for language.
【答案】lateralization查看答案
【解析】语言侧化指的是大脑神经处有专门的语言区，位于左脑。
20. According to thea_____ view, the acquisition of a second language involves, and is dependenton, the acquisition of the culture of the target language community.
【答案】acculturation查看答案
【解析】根据文化适应的观点，第二语言的习得包含并依赖目标语群体文化的习得。
III. Directions:Judgewhether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true orF for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think astatement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correctversion.(2% × 10=20%)
21.General linguisticsdeals with the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methodsapplicable in any linguistic study.
【答案】T查看答案
【解析】普通语言学涉及适用于任何语言研究的基本概念、理论、描述，模式和方法。
22.The speech sound [k] can be described as voiced, velar, stop.
【答案】FThe speech sound [k] can be described as voiceless, velar, stop.查看答案
【解析】[k]为清辅音，不是浊辅音。
23.Morphemes that manifest various grammatical relations orgrammatical categories such as number, tense, degree, and case are calledderivational morphemes.
【答案】FMorphemes that manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categoriessuch as number, tense, degree, and case are called inflectional morphemes.查看答案
【解析】表示各种语法关系或语法类别如数、时态、程度和格的词素叫做曲折词素。派生词素改变单词的意思，不改变单词的词性。
24.Generally speaking,major lexical categories are open categories and minorlexical categories are closed categories.
【答案】T查看答案
【解析】总体而言，主要此类是开放词类，次要词类是封闭词类。
25.The sense relationbetween the word flower and the words rose, tulip and carnation is calledhomonymy.
【答案】FThesense relation between the word flower and the words rose, tulip andcarnationis called hyponymy.查看答案
【解析】flower包含rose、tulip和carnation，它们是上下义关系。
26.Speech act theoryaims to answer the question “What do we do when using language?”
【答案】T查看答案
【解析】言语行为理论旨在回答“我们使用语言时做了哪些行为？”这个问题。
27.In view of a language as a self-regulating semiotic system, internal borrowing well explains soundchange for the purpose of minimizing memorization burdens and maximizingcommunicative efficiency.
【答案】T查看答案
【解析】如果将语言作为一个能够实现自我调节的符号系统来看，内部借词能很好解释语音变化是为了最大程度降低记忆负担，最大程度提升交际效率。
28.In most bilingualcommunities, two languages have the same function in speech situations known asdomains.
【答案】TInmost bilingual communities, two languages have different functions in speechsituations known as domains.查看答案
【解析】在大多数双语群体中，两种语言在不同的场合有着不同的功能，通常一种语言用于一些场合，另一种语言用于另一种场合。
29.Most scholarsaccept the weaker version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis and recognize thatlanguage determines the way human beings perceive the objective world.
【答案】FMost scholars accept the weaker version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis andrecognize that language does not so much determine the way human beingsperceive the objective world.查看答案
【解析】许多学者认同萨丕尔-沃尔夫假设的温和版本，认为语言并不完全决定人们认识客观世界的方式。
30.Practicalexperience suggests that interference from the mother tongue is the only ormajor source of errors.
【答案】FPractical experience suggests that interference from the mother tongue is not theonly or major source of errors.查看答案
【解析】实践表明母语干扰不是错误的唯一来源或主要来源。
IV. Directions: Explainthe following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. (3%× 10=30% )
31.displacement
答：Displacement is one of the designfeatures of language, which means that language can refer to contexts removedfrom the immediate situation of the speaker. Thus we talk about things, freefrom barriers caused by separation in time and place. But animal calls aremainly uttered in response to immediate changes of situation.
32.phonetics
答：Phoneticsrefer to the study the sounds that are used in linguistic communication,including articulatory phonetics which studies the way sounds are produced,acoustic phonetics which studies the physical means by which speech sounds aretransmitted through the air from one person to another and auditory phoneticsthat studies the speech sounds from the hearer’s point of view. It studies howthe sounds are perceived by the hearer.
33.morphological rules
答：Morphologicalrules refer to rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stemto form a new word. For example, the suffix “-ly” can be added to an adjectiveto form its corresponding adverb, e.g. happy+-ly＞happily,notable+-ly＞notably.
34.syntax
【答案】Syntaxis the study that focuses on how morphemes and words are combined to formsentences, including a system of rules, category and structure, universalgrammar and so-on.查看答案
35.componential analysis
答：Componentialanalysis is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze wordmeaning. The approach is based on the belief that the meaning of a word can bedissected into meaning components, called semantic features. For example, theword “man” is analyzed as comprising the features of +HUMAN+ADULT+ANIMATE+MALE.
36.utterance meaning
答：Utterancemeaning refers to the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in areal situation of communication, or simply a context. For example, the literalmeaning of My bag is heavy is that there are a lot of things in the bag, butthe utterance meaning can be “My bag is heavy and I can’t help you” or “Ibought lots of things and don’t need any more”.
37.historical linguistics
答：Historicallinguistics is the subfield of linguistics that studies language change., whichis concerned with the historical development of languages and the processesinvolved in language change. Historical linguisticslook into the nature oflanguage change and the causes that lead to language change. They also exploremethods and techniques with which they can reconstruct linguistic history andestablish the relationship between languages that belong to the same languagefamily.
38.euphemism
答：Euphemismrefers to the mild, indirect or less offensive word or expression substitutewhen the speaker or writer fears more direct wording might be harsh,unpleasantly direct, or offensive, which comes from the Greek word euphemismos,meaning “to speak with good words”. For example, “senior citizen” is theeuphemism of “old man”.
39.cerebral cortex
答：Cerebralcortex refers to the area of the outside surface of the brain that is thedecision-making organ of the body, receiving messages from all the sensoryorgans and initiating all voluntary actions. Many of the cognitive abilitiesthat distinguish humans from other mammals, such as sophisticated reasoning,linguistic skills, and musical ability, are believed to reside in the cortex.
40.fossilization
答：Fossilizationis a phenomenon of second language acquisition (SLA) in which second languagelearners develop and retain a linguistic system, or interlanguage, that isself-contained and different from both the learner’s first language and thetarget language. For example, some Chinese learners use “he” invariably forboth “he” and “she”, which is a kind of fossilization.
V. Directions: Answerthe following questions. (10% × 2=20%)
41.Illustrate the recursiveness of phrasestructure rules with examples.
答：Therecursiveness of phrase structure rules refers to the fact that these rules cangenerate an infinite number of sentences, and sentences with infinite length.Aconclusion is drawn that “An S contains a VP that may contain another S; a VPmay include an S that contains another VP; a PP consists of an NP that may befollowed by another PP; and an NP may take a PP that includes an NP and /or anS!”These rules are suffice to explain how language is “creative” and howspeakers with finite minds have the ability to produce and understand an infiniteset of sentences. For example, a sentence can go like this: Yesterday morning Imet an old man wearing blue shirts on the street of Linda’s home which is justfive-minutes’ walk form our school where we have many good friends and teachersmajoring in different fields that...
42.What is a lingua franca?Explain whether English is an international lingua franca.
答：(1)A lingua franca is a variety of language that serves as a medium ofcommunication among groups of people for diverse linguistic backgrounds. Forthis reason, a lingua franca must be an agree-upon “common tongue” used bypeople thrown into social contact for various purposes. The term lingua francaderives from a hybrid language, consisting of Italian term mixed with French,Spanish, Greek, Arabic, and Turkish, used especially by traders in the easternMediterranean ports in medieval times. A lingua franca may, but does not needto, be a native language currently spoken by a particular people.
(2) English is an internationallingua franca which is used in numerous social and political situations where acommon language is asked for. For example, English has become a lingua francafor international scientific journals and international scientific meetings, acommon means of communication by which scientific results are presented. Thus,at a multinational or international conference, English functions as the linguafranca used for presenting scholarly papers.
下载地址:http://free.100xuexi.com/Ebook/139202.html |
|
收藏
点赞!
反对!