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2013年大学英语四级语法指导(1)

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zzyy33 发表于 13-3-7 19:47:55 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式

非谓语动词与独立主格:短语,句子(或者句子,短语)

  当短语部分有独立主语,并且该主语不同于句子主语,这时短语结构称为独立主格。(它最明显的特点是短语部分有独立的主语)。

  独立主格的结构1:名词(代词)+ 分词 [现在分词、过去分词]

  现在分词表示主动的,正在进行的行为;过去分词表示被动的,已经完成的行为。 作题时要通过判断动作与名词(代词)之间的关系来确定是使用现在分词还是过去分词。当动作由名词(代词)发出时使用现在分词,而名词(代词)是受动者时则用过去分词。

  1. Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _B_ it closely.

  A followed B following C to follow D being followed

  2. All things _A_, the planned trip will have to be called off.

  A considered B be considered C considering D having considered

  call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四级中的考点就是现在分词和过去分词的区别。

  独立主格的结构2:with + 名词(代词)+ 分词 [句子当中作状语]

  3. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.

  A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged

  as well as 和(相当于and); be encouraged不会考。

  动词不定式有预示将来行为的含义。to be encouraged 将要被鼓励;

  been encouraged 已经被鼓励完了,与主句的谓语动词相对;being encouraged 正在被鼓励

  短语部分没有独立主语,则短语结构称为非谓语动词。

  非谓语动词的结构:分词(分词短语)

  句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作,则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出,则使用过去分词。

  1.No matter how frequently _A_, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.

  A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed

  perform vt. 表演,演出,演奏;

  to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;

  一些特殊的动词:

  第一点:forget 忘记; [反义] remember 记得;

  这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为;这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。

  注意:动名词与现在分词形式一样,但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。

  forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事;

  remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 记得做过某事;

  2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.

  A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him

  offer vt. 提出,提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.

  him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。


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