2010英语阅卷客观题标准答案
完型
1. [A] affected
2. [B] up
3. [C] act
4. [B] perplexing
5. [C] accounts
6. [B] matter
7. [D] as long as
8. [A] awareness
9. [C] enough
10. [D] by
11. [C] subject
12. [A] contrary to
13. [A] evidence
14. [D] misleading
15. [B] for example
16. [A] duly
17. [D] continued
18. [C] However
19. [B] tended
20. [D] hitting
常规阅读
21. [B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.
22. [A] free themes.
23. [D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.
24. [A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.
25. [B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers
26. [C] the possible restriction on their granting
27. [D] It may change the legal practice in the U.S.
28. [C] change of attitude
29. [B] are often unnecessarily issued
30. [A] A looming threat to business-method patents
31. [B] discuss influentials' function in spreading ideas
32. [D] requires solid evidence for its validity
33. [A] the power of influence goes with social interactions
34. [C] are influenced and then influence others
35. [C] the readiness to be influenced
36. [A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules
37. [D] the weakening of its independence
38. [C] act on their own in rule-setting
39. [B] exaggerated the real value of their assets
40. [D] sympathy
排序
41. B
42. F
43. D
44. G
45. A
难题解析
23. Which of the following would shaw and Newman most probably agree on?
[A] It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.
[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.
[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.
[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.
【其他答案】[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.
【点点答案】[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.
【解析】我们根据题干中的Shaw 和Newman定位到原文第三段，注意，题干是问：Shaw 和Newman最可能同意什么？也就是在问shaw 和Newman的观点是什么。尽管第③句提到了这两个人，但是并没有表明他们是什么观点。我们来看第⑤句话：“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.’”（“能拥有足够的才智或文学天赋可以使他们在新闻业上成就自己的事业的作者是如此之少”， 纽曼写道，“以致于我很想把‘新闻业’定义成被某些作家所使用的一个蔑称。对真正的作家而言，他们根本就没有学问”。），大家注意，so…that…句型中的so引导的前半句正是Newman所强调的地方，即这样的作者是如此之少，根据so引导的前半句话，我们可以确定[D]. Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.为正确答案。其中few authors整体替换Not all writers；keep one’s end up in表示“ 在… 成就某人事业”。 而某机构选[C]. Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.完全是对Newman的后半句话“that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as…. 产生了误解。
25. What would be the best title for the text?
[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days
[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers
[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism
[D] Prominent Critics in Memory
【点点答案】[D] ,官方标准答案[B]。
[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days（过去美好日子的报纸）， 本文探讨现在报纸的变化，对报纸中文艺评论的衰退表达惋惜，但是提到过去是为了与现在对比，重心不是讲过去的报纸。答案如果改成Newspapers of the Bad Present Days 就可以接受。
[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers（报纸中失去的视野），首先，lost horizon 是一本书的名字，在英文中并不存在这样的搭配，放在一起的话勉强可以理解为失去的视野。但是文章主题句中Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. 只是说inexorable decline ，“势不可挡的衰退”，而lost（失去、消失）显然太过， 当今的报纸上显然还是有文艺评论的。我有一个在加拿大呆了四五十年的华人朋友，英文功底极为深厚，在给我的回信中，他提到：I don't know what "B" is for. "Lost Horizon" is about a fabled city in the Himalayas in which people never aged. Read the book and saw the movie. Have no idea why they put it here. This shows how badly the question was desigined!
[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism（新闻业令人惋惜的衰退）中journalism 范围太广。
[D] Prominent Critics in Memory（记忆中杰出的评论家），D项是以小见大，用例证说明主题。文章大量篇幅提到了以前著名评论家的命运，几乎被忘记等等。以评论家的命运说明文艺评论的命运。作者原文标题是The Amateur As Critics 作为评论家的业余人士（业余评论家们）。为什么作者会用这个标题呢？这个标题似乎也很小，太具体。因为作者在原文中提到了现在的评论家都专业化了，以前都是业余人士（比如音乐评论家在以前不一定是音乐家），所以作者用业余评论家们这个标题，显然是说明他的讨论重点、文章主题是讨论过去的评论家们，惋惜他们的命运。
命题者这次不像以往出这种标题题时都用原文标题，或者把原文标题中的超纲词换掉，竟然一反常规，自己杜撰了一个标题，其中还涉及到一个不知所云的用法。如果本文作者来做这题，恐怕又要重现08年的一件趣事。华盛顿拔牙那篇文章，关于华盛顿拔牙说明说明那一题，作者选的答案竟然和命题者公布的答案不一样。
26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of
[A] their limited value to business
[B] their connection with asset allocation
[C] the possible restriction on their granting
[D] the controversy over authorization
【其他答案】[D] the controversy over authorization
【点点答案】[C] the possible restriction on their granting
【解析】问商业方法专利最近由于什么引起了人们的关注。根据题干的recently我们定位到原文第二段。Now the nation's top patent court appears poised to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. 答案就在这句话中。我们来看，这句话的意思是：现在美国顶尖的专利法院似乎谨慎地缩小商业方法专利，而这种专利自从10年前被政府授权后就一直存在争议。
至于某机构选择的[D] the controversy over authorization (对授权的争议)，从这句话的定语从句部分我们可以知道，这种争议已经长达10年之久，而不是现在才引起人们的关注，因此是不能入选的。我们选[C]the possible restriction on their granting(对他们授权可能的限制)，其中appear表示“看起来、似乎”= seem 替换选项中的possible(可能的)；scale back(缩减)替换 restriction.
27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?
[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions
[B] It involves a very big business transaction
[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit
[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.
【其它答案】[B] It involves a very big business transaction
【点点答案】[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.
【解析】此题问关于Bilski案例下面哪一项是正确的。
思路一：根据题干中出现的Bilski case我们定位到文章第二段倒数第二句话(In re Bilski, as the case is known, is "a very big deal," says Dennis D. Crouch, a patent professor at the University of Missouri School of Law.)这句话是密苏里大学法学院的一位专利学教授Dennis D. Crouch所说，“正如人们所知道的那样，这一案例是一件非常大的事情”，注意，此处的deal表示的是“事情”，而不是“(商业)交易”，原文只是讲联邦巡回法院用这个特殊的案例(Bilski case)对这种business-method patents进行广泛复审，即：将这件事情搞的很大。 此题还有关键的一处在后边：“It has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents”，即“可能整个消除这种专利类别”，大家注意，has the potential 语气为may(它们之间是相互替换的)；entire 表示强调，译为“整个的、全部的”，潜台词就是美国的法律实践可能会有重大变化，说明这个案例可能会改变美国的法律实践！因此选[D]项。
思路二：文章第四段也提到了对Bilski case这一案例的结论性总结，从这里也能判断出选[D]。关键之处在于The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court's judges, rather than a typical panel of three,… 即，联邦巡回法院发布了一项不同寻常的法令，stating为现在分词作后置定语修饰order，对法令的内容做出了解释，后边是that引导的宾语从句，这项不同寻常的法令表明了“原来由典型的3名法官为一组进行听证，而现在却改为了12名法官听证”，听证会的法官人数变化很大，从这可以看出Bilski case是一件大事，因为要不是一件大事的话，法官人数为什么要有很么巨大的变动呢？注意这句话中的unusual与typical是对比词，“一项不同寻常的法令”说明肯定和一般情况下(typical)的法令不再相同；rather than“而不是”，在句中也表示发生变化。因此选[D]项。
至于某些机构选择的[B] It involves a very big business transaction，通过上面的分析，我们没有看出Bilski case涉及了一项非常大的商业交易，误选B是对第二段中出现的"a very big deal理解错了，以为是用transaction替换了deal，实际上不是这样，请见上述分析。
30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?
[A] A looming threat to business-method patents
[B] Protection for business-method patent holders
[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents
[D] A prevailing threat against business-method patents
【其它答案】[D] A prevailing threat against business-method patents
【点点答案】[A] A looming threat to business-method patents
【解析】问本文的主题是什么。文章第一段先讲述了过去十年间的business-method patents对人们的影响，举了亚马逊、美林公司和一个投资者的例子来说明这种影响。第二段首句的Now很重要，第一段是讲过去十年的事情，而现在出现了什么变化了呢？Now the nation's top patent court appears poised to scale back on business-method patents. 即：现在美国顶尖的专利法院似乎要缩减这种商业方法专利，下文又说联邦巡回法院对这种专利要进行广泛复审，而且用Bilski这个案例来说明It "has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents."(可能整个消除这种专利类别)可以看出这都是对business-method patents的一种潜在的威胁。因此我们选[A] A looming threat to business-method patents(对商业方法专利是一种潜在的威胁)，从scale back和potential都可以看出是a looming threat，他们之间存在替换关系。
至于某些机构选择的[D] A prevailing threat against business-method patents(反对商业方法专利的一种流行的趋势)该选项prevailing一词用在这里显然太过了，夸大了原文。
37. According to the author, the rule changes of the FASB may results in _______
[A] the diminishing role of management
[B] the revival of banking system
[C] the banks' long-term asset losses
[D] the weakening of its independence
【其它答案】[A] the diminishing role of management
【点点答案】[D] the weakening of its independence独立地位的削弱
【解析】题目问FASB规则的变化会带来什么后果。首先第三段讲FASB匆忙改变规则(rushed through rule changes)的例子是为了证明第二段中的the independence of standard-setters, …is being compromised. 而选项D就是对此的替换表述。FASB= standard-setter。其次，第三段中交代的规则的变化就是在银行游说奏效下(banks’ lobbying now seems to be working)，银行获得更多的自由和灵活性，而这也正说明FASB独立地位的削弱。
至于某些机构选择的[A] the diminishing role of management是利用第三段部分词语的拼凑，文章说的是“这些变化增强了judgment by management的使用”，意思为management 的使用rise了，改成the rising role of management倒还讲得通。
39. The author thinks the banks were "on the wrong planet" in that they_______
[A] misinterpreted market price indicators
[B] exaggerated the real value of their assets
[C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts
[D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets
【其它答案】[C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts
【点点答案】[B] exaggerated the real value of their assets扩大了资产的实际价值
【解析】题目问作者认为银行"on the wrong planet"是因为银行怎么样了。考查因果关系，题目很简单：with后面的部分就解释了原因，在他们的帐户上高估了(overvalue)资产的价值，[B] exaggerated the real value of their assets中exaggerate替换了overvalue。
至于某些机构选择的选项[C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts，来源是they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts，不过neglect与原文中的reflect，existence与原文中的extent偷换概念，是大不一样的，绝对不能入选。Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts.句子大意为如今，银行认为市场价格夸大了损失，这是因为市场价格在很大程度上反映了市场暂时的流动性不足，而不是可能的坏账幅度。并没有说明银行忽视了可能存在坏账。
纵观今年的命题，尤其是传统阅读理解，是近五年以来最难的，文章难（甚至采用《哈佛商业评论》之类英美高级知识分子才能读懂的杂志上的文章），题目极为刁钻，有好几题命题非常不严谨，甚至与考研选拔人才本身的目的相违背，基本没有区分度，值得与命题人商榷。尤其是25题，这段时间我、点点团队的其他成员和一些朋友分头找了一些水平很高的native speakers来做，竟然选ABCD的都有。 |
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