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新概念三第二部分 Lesson 9 Flying cats 飞猫
一、【Text】课文
Cats never fail to fascinate human beings. They can be friendly and affectionate towards humans, but they lead mysterious lives of their own as well. they never become submissive like dogs and horses. As a result, humans have learned to respect feline independence. Most cats remain suspicious of humans all their lives. One of the things that fascinaes us most about cats is the popular belief that they have nine lives. Apparently, there is a good deal of truth in this idea. A cat’s ability to survive falls is based on fact.
Recently the New York Animal medical Centre made a study of 132 cots over a period of five months. All these cats had one experience in common: they had fallen off high buildings, yet only eight of them died from shock or injuries. Of course, New York is the ideal place for such an interesting study, because there is no shortage of tall buildings. There are plenty of high-rise windowsills to fall, from! One cat ,Sabrina, fell 32 storeys, yet only suffered from a broken tooth. ‘Cats behave like well-trained paratroopers,’ a doctor said. It seems that the further cats fall, the less they are likely to injure themselves. In a long drop, they reach speeds of 60 miles an hour and more. At high speeds, falling cats have time to relax. They stretch out their legs like flying squirrels. This increases their air-resistance and reduces the shock of impact when they hid the ground.
二、【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
◆fascinate v. 迷住，吸引住
◆affectionate adj. 充满情深的，柔情的
◆mysterious adj. 神秘的，难以理解的
◆submissive adj. 服从的，顺从的
◆feline adj. 猫的
◆independence n. 独立，独立性
◆high-rise adj. 高层的
◆windowsill n.窗槛
◆paratrooper n. 伞兵
◆squirrel n. 松鼠
◆air-resistance n. 空气阻力
◆impact n. 冲击力
★fascinate v. 迷住，吸引住
vt. 主系表结构：be fascinated with被…迷住了，被…吸引住了
He is fascinated with chess.
Are you fascinated with English.
like, love, be fond of
The boy is fond of football.
be crazy about:着迷
be mad about
He is crazy / mad about music.
He is fascinated with music.
fascination n.
fascinating adj.
Sweet music is fascinating.
★affectionate adj. 充满情深的，柔情的
Cats are affectionate animals.
affectionately adv.
The lady is looking that man affectionately.
affection n.
★mysterious adj. 神秘的，难以理解的
a mysterious plan
a mysterious explanation
mystery n. 迷团，神秘感
His death is a mystery.
★submissive adj. 服从的，顺从的
obedient
Are you obedient?
Dogs and horses are submissive, but Cats are never submissive to us.
be submissive to sb.
submit v.
Submit oneself to sb. / sth. 屈服于，顺从于
submission n.
★feline adj. 猫的
★independence n. 独立，独立性
independent adj.
You have already grown up, you must be independent.
depend 依靠
You must depend on yourself.
depend, dependence
independence, independent
★high-rise adj. 高层的
★windowsill n.窗槛
★paratrooper n. 伞兵
★squirrel n. 松鼠
★air-resistance n. 空气阻力
★impact n. 冲击力
三、【课文精析】
nver fail to do 双重否定＝＝肯定
If you aks for help in the polite way, you never fail to succeed.
If you receive requests like this, you'll never fail to accept.
常用的双重否定结构（加强语气）
1． never fail to, can't fail to, don't fail to , 否定词+fail to（语气较强烈）
2． 否定的形容词之前加以否定 unreasonable-> not unreasonable
Eg: What he said is not unreasonable.
It is quite common (not uncommon ) for us to make mistakes.
3． not + without
Eg: You can't obtain english without working hard.
He doesn’t have any meal without meat.
4.no+not
Eg: There is no cat that doesn't like fish.
There is nothing that he can't do.
There is no rule that has no exception.
as well
as a result
have learned to:学会了，习惯了
People have learned to expect that trains are punctual.
Children have learned to expect that their parents are very able.
be suspicious of sb. 对什么表示怀疑，存有戒心
One of the things that fascinaes us： that 引导定语从句
that 引导同位语从句
One of the things that fascinaes us most about planes is the popular fact that they are safe and fast.
truth,不可数名词，a good deal of
apparently 显然，显而易见
It seems that...
Key sentence:
A cat’s ability to survive falls is based on fact.
survive v. fall v.&n.
be based on:基于事实基础之上
base sth. on: 把某事加强在什么基础之上
We base the theory on the fact
The theory is based on fact.
make a study of sth:对什么作出研究
in common = the same
fall off 坠落， 掉落
die from:死于
死于疾病：die of illness / disease / hunger / thirst,自然的死亡用of
死于非自然原因：die from shock / injures / wound, 用from
there is no shortage
shortage:缺乏 = lack, 与of搭配，shortage / fack of
shortage of money led to the failure of the experiments.
suffer from: 遭受什么痛苦
A lot of people in the world are suffering from terrible disease.
behave like = act like
well-trained: 训练很好的，well-decorated:装饰漂亮的
the further cats fall, the less
典型的the more...the more...句型，用定冠词the 修饰形容词或副词的比较级
The harder you study English, the better you an learn it.
The more you eat, the fatter you will be.
be likely to do:有可能如何，强调可能性
In cold winter, We are likely to catch a cold.
and more 甚至更多
stretch out 充分伸展
Lesson 10 The loss of the Titanic
“泰坦尼克“号的沉没
一、【Text】课文
The great ship, Titanic, sailed for New York from Southampton on April 10th, 1912. She was carrying 1316 passengers and a crew of 89l. Even by modern standards, the 46,000 ton Titanic was a colossal ship. At that time, however, she was not only the largest ship that had ever been built, but was regarded as unsinkable, for she had sixteen watertight compartments. Even if two of these were flooded, she would still be able to float. The tragic sinking of this great liner will always be remembered, for she went down on her first voyage with heavy loss of life.
Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic, a huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a look-out. After the alarm had been given, the great ship turned sharply to avoid a direct collision. The Titanic turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense wall of ice which rose over 100 feet out of the water beside her. Suddenly, there was a slight trembling sound from below, and the captain went down to see what had happened. The noise had been so faint that no one thought that the ship had been damaged. Below, the captain realized to his horror that the Titanic was sinking rapidly, for five of her sixteen watertight compartments had already been flooded! The order to abandon ship was given and hundreds of people plunged into the icy water. As there were not enough life-boats for everybody, 1500 lives were lost.
二、【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
◆Southampton n. 南安普敦（英国港市）
◆colossal adj. 庞大的
◆watertight adj. 不漏水的
◆compartment n. （轮船的）密封舱
◆flood v. 充满水
◆float v. 漂浮， 飘浮
◆tragic adj. 悲惨的
◆liner n. 班船
◆voyage n. 航行
◆iceberg n. 冰山
◆lookout n. 瞭望员
◆collision n. 碰撞
◆narrowly adv. 刚刚，勉强地
◆miss v. 避开
◆slight adj. 轻微的
◆tremble v. 震颤
◆faint adj. 微弱的
◆horror n. 恐惧
◆abandon v. 抛弃
◆plunge v. 投入，跳入
◆lifeboat n. 救生船
★Southampton n. 南安普敦（英国港市）
★colossal adj. 庞大的
big, large, huge, great, vast, immense, enormous, giant, gigantic, tremendous, titanic
colossal: large in size
A ship Titanic was colossal.
a colossal monument; a colossal statue
big:大的，重要的
You give me a big surprise.
He is a big person.
The box is big.
large:体积大，数量大
an empty large box
a large number of people
great: 伟大
vast:辽阔，广阔 vast desert
immense: immeasurable 不可测量的
an immense stadium, immense iceberg
enormous 重点突出数量、程度、体积；强调程度时，语意强于big
Eg: He made a big success. / He made an enoumous success.
giant: 巨大的，高大的
a giant person 巨人 ； gigantic
tremendous: big, fast, powerful
The plane is traveling at tremendous speed.
titanic 用于修饰人和物，体积大、力量大
The ship is titanic.
huge:强调体积大 a huge stone 数量巨大 a huge sum of money
★watertight adj. 不漏水的
a watertight ship
watertight 引申为无懈可击的，毫无破绽的
watertight arguments 无懈可击的论点
watertight excuse 毫无破绽的借口
waterproof 防水的；waterproof watch 防水手表
waterproof coat 防水雨衣
★compartment n. （轮船的）密封舱
★flood v. 充满水
vt. & n.
vt. be filled with water; the ship is flooded.
The room was flooded with moonlight.
Our classroom was flooded with sunshine.
n. 洪水， in flood 河水泛滥； 引申表示连续不断的
During the rains, the river is in flood.
in a flood of words 滔滔不绝的
She blamed her husband in a flood of words on seeing him.
★float v. 漂浮， 飘浮
drift
★tragic adj. 悲惨的
unfoutunate; a tragic accident
miserable 苦难的 bitter 痛苦的
tragedy n. 悲剧， 惨剧 in tragedy 以悲剧形式
The holiday ended in tragedy.
comedy 喜剧 comic 喜剧的，滑稽的 comical 古怪的，可笑的
★liner n. 班船
★voyage n. 航行
voyage 海上航行
flight 飞行
journey 长途行程
navigation 航海，航海术
The voyage is more than the old lady can bear.
★iceberg n. 冰山
★lookout n. 瞭望员
★collision n. 碰撞
collide vi 碰撞，抚触
The plane collided with the mountain
crash v. 坠毁
It is said that there is an airplane that crashed in the mountains.
conflict vi. 和某事（某人）相抵触
My idea conflicts with yours.
clash vi. 相冲突
Eg: His wedding clashed with my examination, so I couldn’t go.
★narrowly adv. 刚刚，勉强地
★miss v. 避开
★slight adj. 轻微的
★tremble v. 震颤
tremble v. 有规律的、小幅度的抖动
Look, your hands are trembling, what’s wrong with you?
shiver v. 强调由于寒冷、惧怕而一连串地抖动
I found he’s shivering in a cold.
shudder vi. 强调全身的颤栗
The boy is shuddering, why? Because he was frightened.
★faint adj. 微弱的
faint: weak
faint sound / weak sound; weak voice / faint voice
faint: unconscious 失去知觉
He has been faint for a long time.
slight 轻微的，微不足道的
a slight headache; a slight book
★horror n. 恐惧
★abandon v. 抛弃
abandon 因为某事而被迫放弃自己喜爱的事物
He abandoned his research because of the war.
desert 背弃，遗弃
desert the army; desert the duty; desert his family
★plunge v. 投入，跳入
plunge: jump or rush suddenly and wildly
He got so angry that he plunge into the water.
When the ship Titanic sank in the ocean, a large number of people plunged into…
jump:侧重强调快速地跳
The boy is jumping up and down.
leap: 跳跃 He leapt out of the sleeping bad.
dive 跳水、潜水
★lifeboat n. 救生船
三、【课文精析】
The great ship, Titanic, sailed for …背景介绍
sail for 航海去往某处
set out (off) for 出发去往某处
leave for, head for, make for
Eg: He will set out for the Atlantic.
The plane is making for the airport.
We are heading for Canada.
Even by… by : according to 表示依据
modern standards 现代的标准
by regulation 依据规则 ; by ruies 依据条例
by our estimate 根据我们的估计
by one’s looks / by one’s appearance 根据某人的长相
according to 依据 （事实、课文等客观存在的现实）
according to the fact 依据事实
according to the text 依据这篇课文
according to / in accordance with
in accordance with 更加正式
in accordance with law 依据法律
in accordance with rules
at that time 在当时
not only… but (also )… 不仅…而且
be regarded as: be considered to be, be thought of as 把…看作为
口语中： regard sb. / sth. as + (n. / pron. / adj. / doing / done)
Eg: I regarded his idea as totally unacceptable.
We can’t regard the matter as settled.
for 表示原因
be able to 强调有能力
be remembered 被永远记住
go down: sink
on her first voyage 处女航， 首航
with heavy loss of life 损失惨重，造成大批人员的死亡
four days after setting out… : four days after setting off…
…spotted…: suddenly discovered by a look out
icy waters 水域，海域
to avoid…不定式表目的
just in time 很及时
missing 现在分词做状语，表示对主句的补充说明
narrowly 勉强地
which 指代the immense wall of ice
from below 从下方 from above 从上方
… so faint that no one thought that…
so… that…
to one’s horror 使某人感到惊讶
Key sentence:
five of her sixteen watertight compartments had been filled with water.
The order was given 命令被下达
to abandon ship 弃船，不定式做定语
As (because ) there were not enough lifeboats… 1,500 lives died.
the order was given. 命令被下达
to abandon ship 弃船 不定式做做定语
ability 能力
the ability to do sth.
order sb. to do sth.
be capable of doing sth. 强调有做某事的能力
capability of doing sth. 做某事的能力
Lesson 11 Not guilty 无罪
一、【Text】课文
Customs Officers are quite tolerant these days, but they can still stop you when you are going through the Green Channel and have nothing to declae. Even really honest people are often made to feel guilty. The hardened professional smuggler, on the other hand, is never troubled by such feelings, even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase. When I returned from abroad recently, a particularly officious young Customs Officer clearly regarded me as a smuggler.
'Have you anything to declare?' he asked, looking me in the eye.
'No,' I answered confidently.
'Would you mind unlocking this suitcase please ?'
'Not at all,' I answered.
The Officer went through the case with great care. All the things I had packed so carefully were soon in a dreadful mess. I felt sure I would never be able to close the case again. Suddenly, I saw the Officer's face light up. He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced on it with delight.
'Perfume, eh?' he asked sarcastically. 'You should have declared that. ' Perfume is not exempt from import duty.'
'But it isn't perfume,' I said.' It's hair-oil.' Then I added with a smile,' It's a strange mixture I make myself.'
As I expected, he did not believe me.
'Try it!' I said encouragingly.
The Officer unscrewed the cap and put the bottle to his nostrils. He was greeted by an unpleasant smell which convinced him that I was telling the truth. A few minutes later, I was able to hurry away with precious chalk-marks on my baggage.
二、【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
◆guilty adj. 犯罪的，违法的
◆tolerant adj. 宽容的
◆declare v. 申报
◆hardened adj. 有经验的
◆professional adj. 职业的，专业的
◆smuggler n. 走私者
◆officious adj. 爱管闲事的
◆confidently adj. 自信地
◆dreadful adj. 可怕的，一团糟的
◆pounce v. 猛抓， 扑住
◆perfume n. 香水
◆sarcastically adv. 讽刺地
◆exempt adj. 被免除的
◆duty n. 税
◆gel n. 凝胶
◆mixture n. 混合物
◆unscrew v. 拧开
◆nostril n. 鼻孔
◆chalk n. 粉笔
◆baggage n. 行李
★guilty adj. 犯罪的，违法的
He felt guilty when he did what he shouldn’t have done.
He said that with a guilty smile.
guilt n.
guiltily a.
反义词： innocent, innocence n.
★tolerant adj. 宽容的
a tolerant person must be easy going.
tolerantly ad.
tolerance n.
tolerate vt.
tolerable adj. 可以忍受的，说得过去的
★declare v. 申报
★hardened adj. 有经验的
（侧重于老练的）
a hardened player
a hardened thief
experienced (侧重于有经验的)
an experienced teacher
★professional adj. 职业的，专业的
a professional player 选手
★smuggler n. 走私者
★officious adj. 爱管闲事的
a lot of old ladies are officious.
officiously adv.
officiousness n.
officious civil servant 好管闲事的公务员
an officious police officer
official 官方的，官员的，正式的
An official inquiry will be made into this matter. 对此事将进行一次官方调查
★confidently adj. 自信地
He went to do the work confidently.
= with confidence 充满信心的
confident adj.
confidence n.
have confidence 有信心
gain confidence 获得信心
in confidence 悄悄的，秘密的 = secretly
take sb. into one’s confidence 以某人为心腹
Eg: The boss take his secretary into his confidence.
★dreadful adj. 可怕的，一团糟的
= frightful （表示胆怯的，恐惧的）
dreadful (侧重于可怕的，乱七八糟的)
★pounce v. 猛抓， 扑住
★perfume n. 香水
fragrance:（抽象名词） 芬芳，芳香
★sarcastically adv. 讽刺地
★exempt adj. 被免除的
★duty n. 税
Customs Duty:关税
Stamp duty 印花税
duty free 免税的
同义词 tax income tax 所得税
★gel n. 凝胶
★mixture n. 混合物
mix v. mix sth. with
★unscrew v. 拧开
★nostril n. 鼻孔
★chalk n. 粉笔
★baggage n. 行李
同义词 luggage
三、【课文精析】
quite tolerant
我们在运用形容词、动词时，往往需要用副词来强调。
表示“真正的” really
a really officious person
强调“特别，尤其是” particularly
强调“绝对的” absolutely
强调“完全的，彻底的” completely, entirely, fully, thoroughly
fairly----强调“一般般”
very ----语气程度强烈“非常”
rather----语意程度接近fairly, 注意修饰形容词和副词，特别是形容词同时修饰名词时，不定冠词的位置。
A fairly good book.
A rather good book / Rather a good book
rather too
quite---- ~ right / wrong / mistaken / sure 绝对不能用very替代。
Even really honest people…
a particularly officious young Customs Officer…
the Green Channel = the Custom Office
are made to feel guilty
madk, have, let 及感官性动词see, hear, notice, feel 用于主动语态，符合宾语不定式的to符号应该省略。但这种结构改成被动式时，不定式符号必须还原。
We heard someone come up the stairs.
Someone was heard to come up the stairs.
(On the one hand…, ) on the other hand
On the one hand we could stay and help you, but on the other hand it might be better if you went to help him instead.
hidden in his suitcase
过去分词短语作定语，修饰watches.
even if / though he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase.
looking me in the eye: 两眼直盯盯的注视着我
look sb. in the face, stare sb. in the eye = look directly at sb.
Not one of the men dared look him in the eye.
The Officer went through the case with great care. = The Officer examined the case carefully.
with great care----强调相当的仔细
in a mess:乱作一团
介词in 和名词搭配，表示一种状态
秩序井然： in good order
身体健康： in good health
心情好： in a good mood
脾气好： in a good temper
light up:喜气洋洋，容光焕发
Eg: Masha's face lit up when she saw her old friend.
His face lighted up at the small triumph.
Tom really lighted up when he saw the new biccycle.
light有两种过去分词，过去式形式：lit, lighted
但是如果运用过去分词作定语，表示被点燃的。要用lighted
一只被点燃的雪茄：a lighted cigar
点燃的火炬： a lighted stick.
介词短语－－with delight “欣喜若狂的”
with和抽象名词搭配，表示内心充满了一种感情
自信地： with confidence
细心地： with care
骄傲的： with pride
欣喜若狂的：with delight
惊讶的： with surprise
pounce on:向…猛扑过去，对…大做文章
Eg: The policeman pounced on the thief.
Don't pounce on my mistake.
should have 和过去分词搭配，表示本应该做某事却没有做，具有谴责性的味道。
You should have arrived here five minutes earlier.
You should have told me about it.
本不应该做某事：shouldn’t have done
exempt:免除的，被免除的 be ~ from
Drinks are not exempt from import duty.
as----关系代词， 引导非限制性定语从句。他所指代的内容就是主句的整个句子的含义。
As we know, the earth is round. (众所周知)
As Brian pointed out, …（正如…所指出的）
正如我很快得知的：as sb. mentioned
关系代词as 和which的区别：
as 所引导 的非限制性定语从句，可用在主句之前
which 引导的非限制性定语从句，只能用在主句之后。
副词形式：encouragingly
He was greeted by an unpleasant smell…
greet:问候，向…致意；觉察到, 呈现在…眼前，在…耳边
I woke up and was greeted by a bird’s song.
Inside the room adreadful mess greeted us.
When he went into the kitchen, a smell greeted him.
Lesson 12 Life on a desert island
荒岛生活
一、【Text】课文
Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island. We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines. Life there is simple and good. Ripe fruit falls from the trees and you never have to work. The other side of the picture is quite the opposite. Life on a desert island is wretched. You either starve to death or live like Robinson Crusoe, waiting for a boat which never comes. Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures, but few of us have had the opportunity to find out.
Two men who recently spent five days on a coral island wished they had stayed there longer. They were taking a badly damaged boat from the Virgin Islands to Miami to have it repaired. During the journey, their boat began to sink. They quickly loaded a small rubber dinghy with food, matches, and tins of beer and rowed for a few miles across the Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny coral island. There were hardly any trees on the island and there was no water, but this did not prove to be a problem. The men collected rain-water in the rubber dinghy. As they had brought a spear gun with them, they had plenty to eat. They caught lobster and fish every day, and, as one of them put it 'ate like kings'. When a passing tanker rescued them five days later, both men were genuinely sorry that they had to leave.
二、【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
◆ desert island 荒岛
◆ unrealistic adj. 不真实的
◆ Paradise n. 天堂，乐土
◆ wretched adj. 可怜的，艰苦的
◆ Starve v. 挨饿
◆ element n. 成分
◆ opportunity n. 机会
◆ coral n. 珊瑚
◆ Virgin Islands 维尔京群岛
◆ Miami n. 迈阿密 （美国最南的城市）
◆ dinghy n. 救生筏，小船
◆ Caribbean n. 加勒比海
◆ spear gun 捕鱼枪
◆ lobster n. 龙虾
◆ tanker n. 油轮
◆ genuinely adv. 由衷地
◆ Robinson Crusoe 鲁滨逊•克鲁索 （小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》主人公）
★desert island 荒岛
desert : 沙漠
v. 背弃， 遗弃
dessert:甜点
★unrealistic adj. 不真实的
★paradise n. 天堂，乐土
a lot of people imagine the USA as their paradise.
heaven: 天堂，天国，也指死亡
★wretched adj. 可怜的，艰苦的
miserable
lead a wretched / miserable / terrible life
★starve v. 挨饿
starve to death
★element n. 成分
★opportunity n. 机会
golden opportunity 绝佳的机会
opportunity knocks only once 千载难逢的机会
chance 表机会时可以与opportunity 互换，表可能性时则不可
I had chance / opportunity of visiting Paris.
There is a chance that I will see him.
The chances are that he will be elected the president.
The chances are that he will past his examination next week.
+ of, to
He had not opportunity to see her.
★oral n. 珊瑚
★irgin Islands 维尔京群岛
★Miami n. 迈阿密 （美国最南的城市）
★dinghy n. 救生筏，小船
★Caribbean n. 加勒比海
★spear gun 捕鱼枪
★lobster n. 龙虾
★tanker n. 油轮
★genuinely adv. 由衷地
He is genuinely thankful to me.
adj. genuine
n. genuineness
★Robinson Crusoe 鲁滨逊•克鲁索 （小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》主人公）
三、【课文精析】
form an unrealistic picture of sth. 对...抱有不切实际的幻想
Key sentence:
A large number of people have formed an unrealistic picture of the job.
imagine sth. to be / imagine sth. as
Some people imagine flying to be more dangerous than traveling by train.
A large number people imagin the USA as their paradise.
quite the opposite: 恰恰相反
either…or…
Either you or I am going to the party. 谓语动词和最接近的主语保持一致。
Either coming or go out don’t stand on the doorway.要么进来，要么出去，不要站在门口。
An element of truth: a bit of truth
Optimistic: 乐观的
Pessimistic: 消极的，悲观的
Wish做谓语动词，其后的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气；虚拟语气的结构形式取决于所表达的实际情况：
1.如果表达对现在的遗憾或与现在相反的情况，that从句中的动词要采用过去时，be 动词要用were
I wish you could drive a car.
2.如果表达对过去的遗憾或与过去相反的情况，that从句中的动词要采用过去完成时
I wish I hadn’t spent so much money.
I wish that you had written to him.
3. 如果表达与将来事实相反或将来不可能实现的心愿，that从句中要使用would, could等情态动词的过去时
I wish that I could go abroad tomorrow.
I wish that you could come here tomorrow.
if only要比 wish 更富有戏剧性和感情色彩
If only the weather would change.
I wish the weather would change.
We wish that we knew where to look for him.
If only we knew to look for him.
If only we could have gone to the party.
If only you hadn’t said that.
If only you would come here tomorrow.
Have sth. Repaired
load with 把…装载到…上
Eg: The workers are loading the truck with goods.
Unload: 卸
hardly any: very little / few
Eg: Hardly anybody likes him becaues he is so rude.
You hardly eat anything, what's wrong?
prove to be===turn out to be
put: express
If only we could have stayed on the desert island a little bit longer.
Lesson 13 ‘It’s only me’ “是我，别害怕”
一、【Text】课文
After her husband had gone to work, Mrs Richards sent her children to school and went upstairs to her bedroom. She was too excited to do any housework that morning, for in the evening she would be going to a fancy dress party with her husband. She intended to dress up as a ghost and as she had made her costume the night before, she was impatient to try it on. Though the costume consisted only of a sheet, it was very effective. After putting it on, Mrs Richards went downstairs. She wanted to find out whether it would be comfortable to wear.
Just as Mrs Richards was entering the dining-room, there was a knock on the front door. She knew that it must be the baker. She had todd him to come straight in if ever she failed to open the door and to leave the bread on the kitchen table. Not wanting to frighten the poor man, Mrs Richards quickly hid in the small store-room under the stairs. She heard the front door open and heavy footsteps in the hall. Suddenly the door of the store-room was opened and a man entered. Mrs Richards realized that it must be the man from the Electricity Board who had come to read the meter. She tried to explain the situation, saying' It's only me', but it was too late. The man let out a cry and jumped back several paces. When Mrs Richards walked towards him, he fled, slamming the door behind him.
二、【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
◆costume n. 化装服
◆consist v. 由...组成
◆sheet n. 被单
◆effective adj. 有明显效果的，有作用的
◆comfortable adj. 舒适的
◆streroom n. 储藏室
◆electricity n. 电
◆metre n. 电表
◆pace n.一步
◆flee v. 逃走
◆slam v. 砰地关上
◆costume n. 化装服
costume ball 化妆舞会
costume party
fancy (dress ) party
suit 西服，西装
dress 裙子
◆consist v. 由...组成
consist of--由…组成（表示被动概念）==be made up of ==comprise ==be composed of (强调由什么成分所构成)
Eg: Our class consist of 100 students.
The United Kingdom consists of G.B. and Northern Ireland.
The house consists of six rooms.
be composed of----
Water is composed of oxygen and hydrogen.
constitute v.----由部分构成整体
The committee consists of 10 members. = Ten members constitute the committee.
◆sheet n. 被单
◆effective adj. 有明显效果的，有作用的
The costume is quite effective.
His words was effective.
influential: 有潜移默化影响力的
What our parents do is influential to children.
efficacious: （医药）有效的，灵验的
The drug is efficacious.
fruitful: 有成效的
Their experiment is fruitful.
◆comfortable adj. 舒适的
反义词：uncomfortable
comfort n. 舒适 adj. 安慰
discomfort n. 不舒适
In spite of discomforts he is determined to stay here.
◆streroom n. 储藏室
◆electricity n. 电
◆metre n. 电表
◆pace n.一步
◆flee (fled, fled ) v. 逃走
flee:(vt.)(vi.)(总称)泛泛强调逃离危险的境地
Eg: The people fled in panic when the bull got loose.
escape:逃出监狱，逃出牢笼
vt. 逃掉，逃出
Eg: He was able to escape from the house.
I am sorry your name escaped me. 很抱歉， 我忘记你的名字了。
They tried to escape death.
◆slam v. 砰地关上
slam the door.
同义词：bang
三、【课文精析】
too…to…太… 而不能
不定式to,在大部分情况下，表示否定概念。
not / never too … to …：并不太… 所以能够
One is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老
The question is not too difficult for me to answer.
如果在副词 too 前发现修饰语 all, but only, 不定式to 的概念也是肯定的
Eg: They are all too satisfied to work with you. 他们都非常满意很想和你一起工作
I am only too glad to have someone to speak to.我太高兴了，很想找个人说话
He was but too eager to get home.他太急于要回家了。
intended to = mean to :有什么打算，意图
dress up as: 化妆成为
the night before:前一个晚上（以过去的某一个时间为基准点）
last night:昨天晚上（以现在为基准点）
The night before she got everythinbg ready.
She was impatient (eager, anxious ) to try it on.
be impatient to do sth: 急于要做某事，迫不及待
= eager, anxious, hungry, thirsty, despereat, can’t wait (口)
更焦急的情况用desperate( be desperate to do sth),口语中用can't
wait.(can't wait to do sth)
try on: 试穿
After putting it on: 穿上以后
动词不定式to wear, 用来修饰说明comfortable, 作它的状语
The book is difficult to read.
The dress is easy to wash.
Your handwriting is easy to recognize.
it would be comfortable (for her ) to wear.
It is easy for me to read
主动形式————表达被动概念
The music is sweet to hear.
The machine needs repairing
“需要……” 被动概念，用need,want和动名词形式直接搭配
Eg: The dictionary is worth buying.
The book is worth reading.
The house is under construction
The puma is under control.
The problem is under discussion.
The thief is under arrest.
介词under可以表达被动的意味
Eg: The airport came into use again.
came into use:不及物动词短语
Our time has already gone to waste. （浪费掉，付诸东流）
She is a respectable person. (被尊敬的人)
-able 形容词后缀，跟在动词后表达“能够被…的“
This is a returmable bottle.
“由…所组成”：consist of, comprise 本身表达被动概念，结构形式为主动。
there was a knock on the front door: 人有敲门
come in:进来
straight:直接地，径直地
if ever---ever用语条件句，表示任何时候，任何场合==when ever
Eg: If ever you see George give him my best regards.
When ever he is in trouble I'll be on the spot.
Not wanting----分词的否定结构形式，做原因状语。多用于句首，也可插入句中，主谓之间。
Eg: Not wanting to make her nervous, the doctor didn’t fully explain the seriousness of her condition.
= The doctor, not wanting to make her nervous, didn’t fully explain the seriousness of her condition.
read the metre: 查电表
saying---现在分词做伴随状语
let out a cry 大叫了一声===utter / give a cry.
let out 发出==give
shout 高呼，高喊，有目的的
shout to sb 对某人高声喊
shout at sb 对某人大喊大叫
Lesson 14 A noble gangster 贵族歹徒
一、【Text】课文
There was a time when the owners of shop and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for 'protection'. If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop. Obtaining 'protechon money' is not a modern crime. As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.
Six hundred years ago, Sir John Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence. He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto. Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded. In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them. Hawkwood made large sums of money in this way. In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero. When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a picture painted which was dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue'.
二、【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
◆gangster n. 歹徒，强盗
◆Chicago n. 芝加哥 （美国城市）
◆protection n. 保护
◆promptly adv. 准时地
◆destroy v. 毁掉；消灭
◆remarkable adj. 不寻常的
◆band n. 帮，团伙
◆Florence n. 佛罗伦萨（意大利城市）
◆city-state n. （古代）城邦
◆hire v. 租出，雇给
◆prince n. 君主，诸侯
◆Florentine n. 佛罗伦萨人
◆funeral n. 葬礼
◆dedicate v. 奉献，题献给
◆memory n. 纪念
◆valiant adj. 英勇的
★gangster n. 歹徒，强盗
a band of gangsters 一伙强盗
robber 抢劫犯，抢劫者；
bandit 强盗,土匪
brigand (书面用语) 强盗，土匪，盗贼，草寇
hooligan 流氓，不良分子
hoodlum (口语)罪犯，恶汉
rascal (口语)淘气，捣蛋鬼
★Chicago n. 芝加哥 （美国城市）
★protection n. 保护
protection money 保护费
protect v. protect from
We must protect our eyes from the sunshine.
protective adj. 保护的
protector n.保护者
protege n. 被保护者
★promptly adv. 准时地
I give him a ring and he call me back promptly.
He was so sleepy that he went to sleep promptly.
on time准时/ in time及时
punctually adv. 守时地
★destroy v. 毁掉；消灭
destroy 强调毁灭，消灭，完全的摧毁
Eg: The earthquake destroyed the city. / You destroyed his dream.
damage 强受损程度不很严重，可以被修复
break 强调弄坏，弄断
Two of the strings were broken.
spoil 强调把事情搅和了
Eg: spoil the party. / spoil the holiday
★remarkable adj. 不寻常的
remarkable adj. : unusual; uncomon; extraordinary
a remarkable event 不同寻常的事件
an extraordinary event
outstanding adj. 突出的， 杰出的，卓越的
Eg: Our headmaster is an outstanding youth.
distinguished adj. 杰出的，卓越的，不同非凡的
eminent adj. 显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的
Eg:a distinguished physicist; an eminent surgeon; an eminent judge; a distinguished lawyer
以上都可以用来修饰那些在严肃领域的人，比如科学，医学等等
well-know adj. 强调众所周知的
famous adj. 因卓越的贡献和成绩而流芳百世的
Eg: She is well-known in the musical world. / This is well-known fact.
He is a famous moviestar. / Luxun is famous for his articles.
notorious adj. 臭名昭著的，臭名远扬的； be famous for bad things
infarmous adj. 声名狼藉的(语气较弱)
rnowned adj. 某人或某事以其独特的品质、个性而闻名
Eg: Hangzhou is renowned for its beautiful...
★band n. 帮，团伙
a band of robbers 一伙强盗
mob n. 表示贬义色彩的团伙、帮派
a mob of hooligans 一伙流氓
gang n. 一伙 a gang of thieves
nest n. 窝； a nest of bandits
pack n. 团伙、帮派； a pack of hoodlums
★Florence n. 佛罗伦萨（意大利城市）
★city-state n. （古代）城邦
★hire v. 租出，雇给
hire; rent; let; employ
hire out; rent out 租给
Eg: Does this firm hire out cars? 这家公司出租汽车吗？
rent out租给，雇给：主要强调出租房屋
Eg: He rent out his house to a tourist.
let 出租房屋: let his house / please let your house to me。
hire from/ rent from 租进来
Eg: He hired a car from us. / I rent a room form Mrs. Johnson.
hire 指短期雇佣体力劳动者
employ 指长期雇佣或聘请脑力劳动者
We employed her as our advisor.
The factory employed 500 workers.
He hired two helpers. 他雇佣了两个临时帮手。
★prince n. 君主，诸侯
★Florentine n. 佛罗伦萨人
★funeral n. 葬礼
★dedicate v. 奉献，题献给
dedicate to 奉献给…… 比devote 更为正式而庄重
Eg:He dedicated his first book to his mother.
I devote my time to helping my students.
He dedicates his life to his motherland.
He dedicated his life to science.
put sb of business使某人失业
put sb/sth out of ……使某人失去……
Eg: You are putting me out of patience.
put it out of your mind 忘记这件事情吧!= forget it.
★valiant adj. 英勇的
brave adj. 勇敢的
The boy is brave.
During war, soldiers are valiant.
fearless adj. 大无畏的，无所畏惧的
We are fearless in time of danger.
courageous adj. 有胆量的，有勇气的
★memory n. 纪念
You have a good memory.
in memory of / to the memory of
Eg: if my memory serves me well, you’re Tom.如果我没记错的话，你是Tom。
三、【课文精析】
pay large sums of money to sb. 向某人付大笔大笔的费用
in return for 目的是为了换取...作为对...的回报
Eg: He gave me some books in return for my help.
when引导状语从句修饰 time
Eg: There was a time when mini skirt was in fashion.
promptly: innediately
put a man out out of business: 使某人失业
put sb. / sth. out of ... 使某人失去......
Eg: You are putting me out of patience.
You have already put everything out of order.
put it out of your mind 忘记这件事情吧
Obtaining...
obtaining: getting
as long ago as 追溯回到：dating back to / date from
Eg.: I knew Jane as long ago as the year 1980.
Key sentence:
John hawkwood’s discovery was quite remarkable.
make the remarkable discovery 做出不同寻常的发现
would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿而不
Eg.: He would rather die than surrender.
I would rather play tennis than swim.
==would prefer to do……than do
==would prefer doing……to doing
Eg.: He would prefer to die than surrender.
He would prefer dying to surrendering.
would rather: sooner + that从句 (过去式)
Eg: I would rather that you were not here. 我宁愿你不在这儿。
Eg: I would rather that I didn't see you. 我宁愿没见到你。
life work 毕生的事业
Eg.: I want to have the tree cut down.
Six hundred years ago...
a band of…… 一伙…………
settled near Florence 定居在Florence附近
make a name for himself ===become famous
Eg.: They soon made quite a name for themselves as pop singers.
come to / get to 渐渐的
come to be known 渐渐的被人所熟知
Eg.: I come to be known to my students.
I got to know him.
whenever 无论什么时候
at war 交战 at war with 与……交战
hire 表示出租
who指代 prince
he demanded: Hawkwood demanded
in times of peace 在和平期间
in times of……在……期间
march into 大踏步行军
would offer to do=== would promise to do
burn down烧毁/ burn up烧光 / burn out 烧空
Eg.: the house was burned out only...
in spite of this 尽管如此
give sb. a state funeral 给某人举行国葬
Lesson 15 Fifty pence worth of trouble
五十便士的麻烦
一、【Text】课文
Children always appreciate small gifts of money. Father, of course, provides a regular supply of pocket-money, but uncles and aunts are always a source of extra income. With some children, small sums go a long way. If sixpences are not exchanged for sweets, they rattle for months inside money-boxes. Only very thrifty children manage to fill up a money-box. For most of them, sixpence is a small price to pay for a satisfying bar of chocolate.
My nephew, George, has a money-box but it is always empty. Very few of the sixpences I have given him have found their way there. I gave him sixpence yesterday and advised him to save it. Instead, he bought himself sixpence worth of trouble. On his way to the sweet shop, he dropped his sixpence and it rolled along the pavement and then disappeared down a drain. George took off his jacket, rolled up his sleeves and pushed his right arm through the drain cover. He could not find his sixpence anywhere, and what is more, he could not get his arm out. A crowd of people gathered round him and a lady rubbed his arm with soap and butter, but George was firmly stuck. The fire-brigade was called and two firemen freed George using a special type of grease. George was not too upset by his experience because the lady who owns the sweet shop heard about his troubles and rewarded him with a large box of chocolates.
二、【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
◆appreciate v. 欣赏，感激
◆pocket money 零用钱
◆rattle v. 格格作响
◆thrifty adj. 节俭的
◆nephew n. 侄子，外甥
◆bounce v. 弹起，跳起
◆pavement n. 人行道
◆stick ( stuck, stuck ) v. 卡住，夹住，不能再动
◆brigade n. 旅， （消防）队
◆grease n. 润滑油
◆appreciate v. 欣赏，感激
Eg.: The poem is too difficult for me to appreciate.
I appreciate your help. = be thankful / grateful to sb.
◆pocket money 零用钱
beer money: 留给丈夫的零花钱
mad money: 妇子留作应急之用的私房钱
green money: 美金
soft / folding money: 纸币，钞票
hard money: 硬币
◆rattle v. 格格作响
◆thrifty adj. 节俭的
同义词：economical
◆nephew n. 侄子，外甥
◆bounce v. 弹起，跳起
The coin was bounced.
同义词：jump (跳跃)， leap (跃)， hop (单足跳)， spring (弹跳；n. 弹簧)， skip (跳跃；略过)
◆pavement n. 人行道
◆stick ( stuck, stuck ) v. 卡住，夹住，不能再动
stick:不能跳跃，卡住；坚持，粘贴
Eg.: You must stick to your idea.
Stick the stamp on the envelop.
stick with:忠实于...... （=be faithful to ）
His arm was stuck. 他的胳膊被卡住了。
◆brigade n. 旅， （消防）队
fire brigade: 消防队
= fire department
= fire station
◆grease n. 润滑油
三、【课文精析】
Key sentence:
Children always appreciate small gifts of money. 孩子们总是喜欢得到些零花钱。
Key sentence:
Husbands always appreciate small gifts of beer money.
provide a regular supply of …定期地提供……
provide sth. for sb./ provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物品
a source of extra income
small gifts of money
pocket money
extra income
go a long way 可以买很多东西，维持很久
Eg: The money we have will go a long way.
go a long way towards: 对……大有帮助
Eg: This will go a long way towards overcoming the difficulty.
With frugal housewives, they made their small income go a long way.
介词With和For的区别：“对于……来说”
介词for----“关于，对于……来说，考虑到……的事实”
Eg.: The weather is quite warm for November.
For him, this will be an entirely new hobby.
介词with----“在某一方面”（多用于二者的比较）
Eg.: With some people, pleasure is more important than work.
Some people may accept that excuse, but it won’t work with me.
pence: 便士 （penny 便士的复数；pennies）
a fifty pence: 一个五十便士的硬币
a fifty penies: 五十个一便士的硬币
rattle: 叮当作响 ==tinkle
roar:呼啸（重点突出老虎、狮子等大动物的鸣叫声）
shout at: 大喊大叫 = bark at
he is grunting. 咕哝的，哼哼唧唧的
slam: 砰的一声
fill up: 装满
1．up ----表示方向
to----目的地、说话者所在处
up to ----表示到达目的地
towards----表示朝某个方向
2．表示沿着，走向更远的地方，侧重强调距离更远了
They walked up the street.
The children run up the garden path to greet their father.
3. 系列动词 + up ---- 表示消费，摧毁，彻底，光，用完
Drink up your whisky.
Eat up your vegetable.
Finish it up.
burn up
use up 用光
4． 表示积存，从少到多，积少成多
We must lay up some boiled food for the winter.
= store up, hold up, gather up
5．表示从河的上游到下游，河流入口处以上到源头的某一点
They are sailing up the Thames.
The house is up the river.
6．动词 + up ----表示包起来、封住、盖住
button up 扣上钮扣
wrap up 包裹起来
lock up 锁上 lock the house up
fasten up 栓起来
save up 赚钱
wash up 洗碗盆
do up 包扎，包装，系好
fifty pence is a small price = fifty pence is not much: 装满
fifty pence is not much to pay
a small price = not much money: 并不是很多
For him, two thousand dollars is a small price to pay for it.
For me, five haudred yuan is not a small price to pay for a bicycle.
find their way there = reach 抵达，到达， 找到自己的去处
Rivers find their way to the sea.
How did such a foolish statement find its way into print. 这样愚蠢的话怎么会印出来呢。
All my books have already found their way there.
advise: 建议
advise sb. to do sth. : 说服某人做某事（失败的结果）
persuade sb. to do sth.: 说服某人做某事（成功的结果）
instead：相反的是
fifty pence worth of trouble: 五十便士的麻烦
系列的动词构成平行结构：take off, rolled up, push
roll vi. 滚动； vt. 滚动
vi. The pencil rolled under the table.
vt. He rolled the ball towards the puppy.
roll up:卷起，挽起
We will need to roll up the carpet.
what引导的插入语
what is more important 更重要的是
what is worse 更糟糕的是
what is more 甚者
what is rare 更罕见的是
Eg.: He went to the meeting, and what was worse, insist on speaking.
gather round 聚在周围
rubbed his arm with sth. ... 用......涂抹
firmly:坚定的，稳固的（加强语气）
using----现在分词做状语，强调一种方式
reward ... with: 用...来奖赏某人 |
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