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考研协奏曲之"纲"情篇:08考研英语作文解析

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2008年考研英语大纲对作文要求:
该部分由A、B两节组成,考查考生的书面表达能力。总分30分。
A节:考生根据所给情景写出一篇约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文,包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等。考生在答题卡2上作答。满分10分。
B节:考生根据提示信息写出一篇160~200词的短文(标点符号不计算在内)。提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。考生在答题卡2上作答。满分20分。
万学海文测试研究中心教研员对比往年大纲不难看出08年考研英语对写作的要求没有发生变化,所以对于我们同学来说,要得到理想的成绩必须有意识地根据大纲要求进行练习,掌握一定的方法与技巧。下面是一些针对写作方面的建议:
首先写作应注意平时的积累,什么叫积累呢?就是希望大家准备一个记事本,记下你看到的不错的英语的表达。不错的好的英语表达并不是难的表达,大家不要有一个误区觉得越难的东西越好,不是这样的,很多英语的东西是很简单的,讲出来后你觉得非常地道的。如果你能抄上个三四百条,把这些东西抄下来并随身携带。这个随身携带翻一翻、看一看,看看这些句子、看看这些习语,就这样积累。
然后就是每周一定要练一篇作文,这个是很重要的,因为很多同学是属于考前是不练作文的,做模拟题也是从来不写作文的。最开始你可能直接写考研的作文觉得难度大,建议最开始从小作文练起,小作文一般都是书信。如果小作文练上个一个月,写上四五篇觉得不错,我建议你再找一些六级的题目的作文,因为六级毕竟简单一些,再写上一个半月,最后写大作文。写完以后一定要注意修改。这样才有助于英语写作水平的不断提高。
沙发
 楼主| 冬日里的夏天 发表于 07-8-27 10:52:44 | 只看该作者
对于A部分的作文,其是一篇100字左右的应用性短文,文体包括有信件、便笺、备忘录等。满分10分。同学们平时要注意应用文写作的特定的格式要求,有意识的掌握各类应用文的写作方法。按照大纲的要求,要注重写作内容信息点覆盖的全面性、篇章结构组织的条理性与逻辑性、语言使用的准确性、文体格式的正确性及语域把握的合理性。不要简单认为复习应用文就是复习相应的格式,格式只是应用文写作的最起码要求,要想在10分钟左右写好一篇应用短文,这既需要英语语言基本功,又需要根据题目所给outline迅速构思成篇的能力。另外,同学们还要了解应用文的常见模式,背诵经典的套话,注意词句的多样性的训练。

小作文要求:(1)格式准确(尤其书信)(2)用词礼貌(掌握度)。下面针对书信体小作文提几点建议:

书信是日常生活中常用的文体,是用以交涉事宜、传达信息、交流思想、联络感情、增进了解的重要工具。书信一般可分为商务信件或公函(Business Letter or Official Correspondence)和私人信件(Private Letter)两大类。值得注意的是,英语书信的写法与汉语书信有一些明显区别,应特别加以区分。

英语书信通常包括下面几个组成部分:信端、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束语、签名、附件、再启等。下面我们将逐个进行介绍。

关于发信日期的写法,应注意以下几点:

①年份应完全写出,不能简写。

②月份要用英文名称,不要用数字代替。

③月份名称多用公认的缩写式。但 May, June, July, 因为较短,不可缩写。

④写日期时,可用基数词1,2,3,4,5,……28,29,30,31等,也可用序数词 lst, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, …… 28th, 29th, 30th, 31lst等。但最好用基数词,简单明了。

日期可有下列几种写法:

① Oct. 20, 2004

② 10 May., 2004

③ 3rd June, 2004

④ Sept. 16th, 2004

其中,①最为通用。

给外国人写英文信时,称呼(Salutation)用语要注意以下几点:

①对没有头衔的男性一般称呼 Mr. 。Mr. 用在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前,不可只用在名字之前,例如对的称呼,应该是:Mr. 或 Mr. White, 不可是:Mr. Phil。若称呼多个男性,则在姓名前用 Mr. 的复数形式 Messrs. 。对一般以人名为名称的公司和企业常用这种称呼,例如:Messrs. Black and Brothers 布莱克兄弟公司。

②对女性一般称呼 Mrs., Madam 或 Miss。Mrs.用在已婚女子的丈夫的姓氏之前,或姓氏和名字之前,一般不用在名字前 Madame 此词可以单独使用或加在丈夫的姓名之前 Mrs. 没有复数形式。若称呼多个女性,则在姓名前用 Mme. 的复数形式 Mmes. 而对以女子名字为名称的公司、企业可用 Mesdames 称呼。 Miss 多用于未婚女子,此词可缩写为 Ms ,用于姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前,一般不用于名字之前。

③对收信人的称呼,也可用头衔或职位的名称,不分性别。例如 Professor (缩写为 Prof.),Doctor (缩写为 Dr.), General (缩写为 Gen.) 。这些称呼都放在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前,如 Prof. (Phil)White等。

④对外公函中对收信人的称呼,可用 Gentlemen (而不是 Gentleman),Dear Sir (s)和 My dear Sir(s)等。Gentlemen 之前不能加 Dear, 后面也不能带姓名。用 Sirs 时,前面常用 Dear 一词,但也可单独用 Sir。若收信人是妇女,则无论已婚或未婚,都可单独使用 Madam 或其复数 Mesdames。

⑤对外国高级官员的称呼,如国家元首、政府首脑、部长、大使、公使和特使等,可用(Dear)Sir, (Dear)Mr. Chairman,(Dear)Mr. Premier, (My dear)Mr. Ambassador,Your Excellency (复数为 Excellencies)。

(1)信的正文每段第一行应往右缩进约四五个字母。在写事务性信件时,正文一般开门见山,内容简洁明了,条理清楚。写私人信件时,要注意适当的问候和寒暄。

(2)要根据题目要求的顺序进行写作,不能遗漏,不需要写的不要累赘,字数要控制好,卷面要尽可能整洁。

(3)同样的意思要多写点别人想不到的句子和表达方式,以区别于其他作文。

(4)注意开头和结尾,格式要规范。

结束语是写信人表示自己对收信人的一种谦称,只占一行,低于正文一二行,从信纸的中间或偏右的地方开始写。第一个词的开头字母要大写,末尾用逗号。结束语视写信人与收信人的关系而定。  

范文

For the time being, you are working as an apprentice in a working unit. Next week, you can not go to work. Write a note to your department head, Mr. Wang, asking for leave, stating your reason(s), and making an apology.

Write your note with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the note; use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)

Dear Mr. Wang,

I, the undersigned, am an apprentice in the distribution department. I am writing to you, asking for sick leave.

One month ago, I caught a flu and since then I have been feeling weak. Sometimes I even feel dizzy and can not concentrate on my work. Thus I deem that I need a health check-up so that I have made an appointment with a doctor in No. 301 People’s Liberation Army, to be exact, next Monday. Therefore I can not come and work then.

I hope that you are kind enough to give me one day off. I feel sorry for the inconvenience I have caused.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming
板凳
 楼主| 冬日里的夏天 发表于 07-8-27 10:53:16 | 只看该作者
对于B部分作文占20分,要求字数160-200个词汇。从历年短文写作命题来看,其历年题型有“命题作文、图表作文、图画作文”。命题作文(1991---1996),图表作文(1997,1999),图画作文(1998,2000---2005)。相比起来,图表图画作文要难一些,因为命题作文有统一标题,有一个规定好的outline,有的甚至还有段首句,考生只需按规定思路发展3至4句便可。而图表图画作文需要考生自己挖掘图中所表达的主要信息,通常要用对比分析、归纳、演绎等方法进行,要从数字、图像中总结出趋势来,抓往隐性的思想内容,阐明自己的看法,主张,观点。至于2005年会怎样考?大家一般持两种看法。一种人认为2005年必定会考图表图画作文,因为按照历年考查的趋势,为了使写作能够尽量拉开分数档次,图画作文已经成为主流题型,连续考查了7次,分别是1998年的“如此承诺”,2000年的“世界商业捕鱼简史”,2001年的“爱心是一盏灯”,2002年的“民族文化与世界文化”,2003年的“温室中的花朵经不起风雨”,2004年的“终点又是新的起点”, 2005年的老年人赡养问题;而图表作文也有1997年的“吸烟有害健康”,99年的“人口和动物灭绝”。至于2006年是否肯定考图画作文,还是命题人想换味口改考命题作文?大家意见不一,后者认为图画图表作文应降一降温度,因为既然大纲加大了阅读难度,那么作文部分就应当减少难度,因此2005年肯定不会考图画图表作文,会考命题式或情景式作文。本人认为这两种观点都是无意义的,因为写不好图画图表作文的人肯定也不大可能写好命题作文。

对于我们同学来说,要得到理想的成绩必须有意识地研究各类范文,看看范文是怎样用词造句,看看范文是如何展开自然段的,如何做到有话可说的。各种类型的段落都练一练,做到心中有谱,胸有成竹。不管他什么考法,花样怎么变,汤如何换,同学们都应当写出语法用词准确,词句多样的文章来,再加上不同场景的黄金套话,肯定就能鹤立鸡群,赢得高分。对于阅卷老师来说,语言准确化,词句多样化是第一位的,而结构清晰化,内容简单化是第二位的。所以,同学们平时练习时更要注意写作基本功的训练,要注意选词的准确性,句式的多样性,文章结构层次的清晰性,标点符号的正确性以及不要捏造,要用正确地道的英语词组、句子来写文章。

另外配以一些写作技巧,就可以完成一篇好的文章了。

范文:


范文四:环保问题

Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the following pie charts. In your essay, you should first describe the pie charts, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.

You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

As is apparently revealed in the pie charts above, forty-eight percent of people surveyed have never heard of the International No Motor Vehicle Day while fifty-seven percent are willing to give up driving on such a day. What is betrayed in the pie charts is most thought-provoking.

The implied meaning of the pie charts is both disappointing and exciting. On the one hand, much necessary work still needs to be done with respect to environmental protection. The public ignorance of relevant environmental protection results from inadequate and limited popularity of environmental protection knowledge by relevant government departments at different levels. Since environmental protection is an international issue, we must constantly introduce the advanced and practical practice in other countries to our general public. Only in this way can we promote environmental protection in China. On the other hand, the enhancement of the public awareness of environmental protection is a welcome development. Over the past years, as people’s living standard improves, people attach more importance to the quality of their life. They have a better understanding of the relationship between environment and their daily life. As a result, they are more interested in following positive international models. In sum, we have got a mixed feeling toward the very fact revealed in the pie charts.

In my view, necessary measures should be immediately taken to ensure a nice environment. First of all, government departments at all levels must play a more active role in popularizing international experience and practice of environmental protection. What’s more, the general public should be encouraged to participate more actively in environmental protection. Only in this way can we live in a healthy and harmonious environment.
地板
小休小木 发表于 07-8-28 10:02:31 | 只看该作者
这是好东西啊!
的顶啊!
5#
EAU 发表于 07-8-28 17:10:44 | 只看该作者
祝福所有辛苦考研的人
6#
水漠 发表于 07-8-28 19:33:03 | 只看该作者
Collectibles

Collectibles have been a part of almost every culture since ancient times. Whereas some objects have been collected for their usefulness, others have been selected for their aesthetic beauty alone. In the United States, the kinds of collectibles currently popular range from traditional objects such as stamps, coins, rare books, and art to more recent items of interest like dolls, bottles, baseball cards, and comic books.

Interest in collectibles has increased enormously during the past decade, in part because some collectibles have demonstrated their value as investments. Especially during cycles of high inflation, investors try to purchase tangibles that will at least retain their current market values. In general, the most traditional collectibles will be sought because they have preserved their value over the years, there is an organized auction market for them, and they are most easily sold in the event that cash is needed. Some examples of the most stable collectibles are old masters, Chinese ceramics, stamps, coins, rare books, antique jewelry, silver, porcelain, art by well-known artists, autographs, and period furniture. Other items of more recent interest include old photograph records, old magazines, post cards, baseball cards, art glass, dolls, classic cars, old bottles, and comic books. These relatively new kinds of collectibles may actually appreciate faster as short-term investments, but may not hold their value as long-term investments. Once a collectible has had its initial play, it appreciates at a fairly steady rate, supported by an increasing number of enthusiastic collectors competing for the limited supply of collectibles that become increasingly more difficult to locate.
7#
yamichul 发表于 07-8-30 09:54:04 | 只看该作者
这个帖子看了半个小时......
8#
yuweiha 发表于 07-8-30 21:16:41 | 只看该作者
[s:9] [s:9]
9#
andylee 发表于 07-9-1 15:03:43 | 只看该作者

谢谢

也祝福所有辛苦考研的人
10#
andylee 发表于 07-9-1 15:04:05 | 只看该作者

祝福所有辛苦考研的人

[s:4] [s:4]
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