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2015年10月全国自考《英语词汇学》真题及详解
2015年4月全国自考《英语词汇学》真题及详解
2014年10月全国自考《英语词汇学》真题及详解
2014年4月全国自考《英语词汇学》真题及详解
2013年7月全国自考《英语词汇学》真题及详解
2013年4月全国自考《英语词汇学》真题及详解
2012年7月全国自考《英语词汇学》真题及详解
2012年4月全国自考《英语词汇学》真题及详解
2011年7月全国自考《英语词汇学》真题及详解
2011年4月全国自考《英语词汇学》真题及详解
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真题是每个考生复习备考必不可少的资料，而拥有一份权威、正确的参考答案尤为重要，通过研究历年真题能洞悉考试出题难度和题型，了解常考章节与重要考点，能有效指明复习方向。本考试科目代码为00832。
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2015年10月全国自考《英语词汇学》真题及详解
课程代码：00832
选择题部分
I. Each ofthe statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the onethat best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, Cor D on the ANSWER SHEET. (30%)
1. Which of thefollowing does NOT belong to the characteristics of the basic word stock?
A. All national character.
B. Productivity.
C. Stability.
D. Terminology.
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】基本词汇的特征有：All national character，Stability，Productivity，Polysemy，Collocability。故选D项。
2. Which of thefollowing statements is NOT true?
A. Words may fall into the basicword stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency.
B. Words may fall into contentwords and functional words by notion.
C. Words may fall into loan-wordsand notional words by the degree of assimilation.
D. Words may fall into nativewords and borrowed words by origin.
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】同化程度（the degree ofassimilation）是进一步划分借词（loan-words）的依据，而非将词划分为借词与实意词（notional words）的依据。故选C项。
3. Which of thefollowing is NOT true about the description of the relationship between soundand meaning?
A. There is intrinsicrelationship between sound and meaning.
B. The symbolic connection of asound and its meaning is almost always arbitrary.
C. The relationship between soundand meaning is conventional.
D. In different languages thesame concept can be represented by different sounds.
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】词的音与形之间并不存在逻辑关系。A项表述为“音与形之间存在着内在联系”，表述错误，符合题意，故选A项。
4. In the Western set,_____ is the modern language derived from Hellenic.
A. Latin
B. Greek
C. Russian
D. Spanish
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】在西方体系中，希腊语（Greek）是由希腊语族（Hellenic）演变而来的现代语言。故选B项。
5. Which of thefollowing statements is NOT true about the English vocabulary?
A. English is more closelyrelated to German than French.
B. Scandinavian languages referto Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish and Swedish.
C. Modern English is consideredto be an analytic language.
D. In Early Middle Englishperiod, English, Latin and Celtic existed side by side.
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】在中世纪英语早期，出现了英语、拉丁语和法语三语并存的现象。故选D项。
6. From the historicaloverview of the English vocabulary, the period of Old English is _____.
A. from 55 B.C. to 410
B. from 450 to 1150
C. from 1150 to 1500
D. from 1500, then up to now
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】古代英语时期为450~1150年。故选B项。
7. Which of thefollowing words does NOT have inflectional affixes?
A. Happier.
B. Worker.
C. Harder
D. Taller
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】屈折词缀是位于词尾、用于指示语法关系的词缀，包括以-s或-es结尾，表示名词的复数形式或动词的第三人称单数形式；以-’s结尾表示所属关系；在形容词或动词词尾加-er或-est，表示比较级或最高级；-ed结尾表示过去式，-ing结尾表示现在分词或动名词；等等。A、C、D三项均在词尾加-er表示比较级，属于屈折词缀。故选B项。
8. The word“idealistic” comprises _____ morpheme(s).
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】词素是词语构成最小的功能单位。idealist的构成为ideal+ ist + ic，共三个词素。故选C项。
9. Which of thefollowing words is NOT a stem?
A. Nation.
B. National.
C. International.
D. Internationalists.
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】词干可以由单独的词根构成，也可以由词根和词缀共同构成。任何词缀都可以添加到干以构成新词。nation既是词根，也可以是词干。national和international都是词根。故选D项。
10. The word“sandwich” now denotes a popular fast food. It originates from John Montague,Fourth Earl of Sandwich in 18th century. This example shows one of the sourcesof English vocabulary is _____.
A. compound
B. proper nouns
C. back-formation
D. conversion
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】sandwich一词来源于人名，属于英语词汇来源中的专有名词（proper nouns）。故选B项。
11. Which of thefollowing words is the example of blending?
A. Motel.
B. Sandwich.
C. Flu.
D. AIDS.
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】将两个词部分结合在一起，或者将一个词与另一个词的部分结合在一起构成新词的方法为拼缀法（blending）。motel是将motel中的mo和hotel中的tel组合在一起构成的新词，属于拼缀法。故选A项。sandwich来源于专有名词。flu是influenza通过首尾部截短法构成的新词。AIDS是acquired immunedeficiency syndrome通过首字母拼音法构成的新词。
12. Which of thefollowing words is NOT a noun compound?
A. Moon walk.
B. Ten-storey.
C. Outbreak.
D. Up-bringing.
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】Ten-storey是由数词和名词构成的复合形容词。故选B项。
13. The meanings ofmany words often relate directly to their origins. In other words the historyof the word explains the meaning of the word. This is called _____.
A. onomatopoeic motivation
B. morphological motivation
C. semantic motivation
D. etymological motivation
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】词的意思与其来源有关，为词源理据（etymologicalmotivation）。故选D项。
14. a) They chucked astone at the cops, and then did a bunk with the loot.
b) After casting a stone at thepolice, they absconded with the money.
The above two sentences have thesame conceptual meaning, but differ in _____ meaning.
A. connotative
B. affective
C. stylistic
D. collocative
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句子a)中用到chuck，cop，doa bunk，比较随意，而句子b)中用cast，police，abscond，显然比较正式，可见二者文体意义（stylistic meaning）不同。故选C项。
15. _____ meaningindicates the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in questions.
A. Conceptual
B. Stylistic
C. Affective
D. Denotative
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】感情意义（affective meaning）表达的是说话者对人或事物的态度。故选C项。
16. Words identicalboth in sound and spelling, but different in meaning are _____.
A. homographs
B. homophones
C. perfect homonyms
D. hyponyms
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】读音和拼写相同但意义不同的词是同形同音异义词（perfect homonyms）。故选C项。
17.Words “change”,“alter”, and “vary” are similar in denotation, but embrace different shades of
meaning. They are _____.
A. absolute synonyms
B. complete synonyms
C. full synonyms
D. relative synonyms
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】change，alter和vary意思相近，但是有细微的差别，是相对形容词（relative synonyms）。故选D项。
18. Words like “red,orange, yellow, green, black, etc.” make up the _____ of “colors”.
A. synonyms
B. hyponyms
C. sense relations
D. semantic field
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】red，orange，yellow，green，black等都表示颜色，它们共同构成colors的语义场（semantic field）。故选D项。
19. Vocabulary is themost unstable element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes bothin form and _____.
A. pronunciation
B. content
C. spelling
D. use
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】词的形式（form）和内容（content）一直在发生变化，因此是语言中最不稳定的因素。故选B项。
20. The meaning of theword “criticize” has changed from “appraise” to “find fault with”, such changeis called _____.
A. elevation
B. generalization
C. extension
D. degradation
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】criticize的词义由最初的appraise（评价）变为现在的find fault with（批评；挑剔），可见其意义由中性变为贬义，这一过程是词义的降格（degradation of meaning）。故选D项。
21. The word “meat”originally meant “food”, but now has come to mean “flesh of animals”. This isan example to illustrate _____ of meaning.
A. generalization
B. narrowing
C. degradation
D. elevation
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】meat的词义由最初指food（食物）变为现在的flesh of animals（肉），可见词义有泛指变为特指，这一过程是词义的缩小（narrowingof meaning）。故选B项。
22. In grammaticalcontext, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the _____, in which itoccurs.
A. structure
B. sentence
C. phrase
D. clause
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】在语法语境中，词语出现在不同的结构中，意义也会有所不同，即词义受到结构的影响。故选A项。
23. The word “do”means “brush” in “do one’s teeth”, while it means “arrange” in “do theflowers”. The above example shows that _____ affects the meaning of a word.
A. lexical context
B. grammatical context
C. non-linguistic context
D. structural context
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】do在doone’s teeth中表示brush，在dothe flowers中表示arrange，说明其词义受到与其搭配的词的影响，这反映了词汇语境（lexical context）对词义的影响。故选A项。
24. Which of thefollowing is NOT one of the major functions of context?
A. Elimination of ambiguity.
B. Indication of referents.
C. Formation of ambiguity.
D. Provision of clues forinferring word-meaning.
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】语境的三大主要作用是：Elimination ofambiguity，Indication of referents和Provisionof clues for inferring word-meaning。故选C项。
25. Which of thefollowing is NOT one of the variations of idioms?
A. Repetition.
B. Dismembering,
C. Addition.
D. Shortening.
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】repetition属于习语的修辞特征，而非习语变体。故选A项。
26. “Through thick andthin” is a(n) _____.
A. verbal idiom in nature
B. nominal idiom in nature
C. sentence idiom
D. adverbial idiom in nature
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】throughthick and thin属于副词性质的习语。故选D项。
27. There is a _____in the idiom “by hook and by crook” as far as rhetorical features of idioms areconcerned.
A. simile
B. reiteration
C. repetition
D. rhyme
【答案】
【解析】从修辞特征角度而言，习语by hook and by crook中hook和crook都有发音/?/，使用了押韵（rhyme）。故选D项。
28. Webster’s ThirdNew International Dictionary is the best-known _____ dictionary.
A. unabridged
B. desk
C. pocket
D. encyclopedia
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】Webster’sThird New International Dictionary是最著名的非节略词典（unabridged dictionary）。故选A项。
29. When we choose adictionary, we should pay attention to the following aspects EXCEPT ____.
A. unabridged or abridged
B. British or American
C. early or late
D. monolingual or bilingual
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】选择词典时需要考虑的因素有：Monolingual orbilingual，General or specialized，Britishor American，Early or late。故选A项。
30. Which of thefollowing is NOT true about a Chinese-English Dictionary (Revised Edition)(CED) (1995)?
A. The new edition cut off theprevious alphabetical order of entries.
B. The new edition revised someold entries.
C. The new edition has moresingle character entries and more multi-character entries.
D. The dictionary boasts of thequality of the English equivalents.
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】Chinese-EnglishDictionary (Revised Edition) (CED) (1995)保留了先前词条的字母顺序，使字典方便使用。故选A项。
非选择题部分
II. Complete thefollowing statements with proper words or expressions according to the coursebook. (15%)
31. Archaisms arewords no longer _____ in use or obsolete in use.
【答案】common查看答案
【解析】古词语现在已经不常使用或者不再使用了。故答案为common。
32. Modern Englishvocabulary develops through three channels: creation, semantic _____ andborrowing.
【答案】change查看答案
【解析】现代英语词汇的发展主要有三种途径：创造（creation）、语义变化（semanticchange）和借词（borrowing）。故答案为change。
33. Most morphemes arerealized by _____ morphs like bird, tree, green, etc. Words of this kind arecalled monomorphemic words.
【答案】single查看答案
【解析】大部分词素都是由单个形素，比如bird，tree，green等实现的，这样的词是单语素词。故答案为single。
34. “A green hand”means an “ inexperienced person”, not “a hand that is green in color”. Thisexample illustrates that compounds are different from free phrases in _____unity.
【答案】semantic查看答案
【解析】agreen hand表示“经验不足的人”，而不是“绿色的手”，这个例子表明复合词在语意的统一性（semantic unity）上与自由词组不同。故答案为semantic。
35. Tables, men andpotatoes are all plural nouns, so we can say they have the same _____meaning
【答案】plural查看答案
【解析】在语法意义上，复数名词有着相同的复数意义（plural meaning）。故答案为plural。
36. The development ofword-meaning from monosemy to polysemy follows two courses, traditionally knownas _____ and concatenation.
【答案】radiation查看答案
【解析】词义由单义发展为多义通常通过两种途径：辐射（radiation）和连锁（concatenation）。故答案为radiation。
37. The change of themeaning in the word “butcher”, which originally denoted “one who kills goats”,but has come to mean “one who kills animals” reflects _____ in the sense ofword-meaning change.
【答案】extension查看答案
【解析】butcher一词最初专指“杀羊的人”，现在指“杀动物的人”，即“屠夫”。这一词义由特指变为泛指的过程，称为词义的扩大（extension of meaning）。故答案为extension。
38. Linguistic contextcan be subdivided into _____ context and grammatical context.
【答案】lexical查看答案
【解析】语言语境可以分为词汇语境（lexical context）和语法语境（grammaticalcontext）。故答案为lexical。
39. Idioms consist ofset phrases and short _____, which are peculiar to the language in question andloaded with the native cultures and ideas.
【答案】sentences查看答案
【解析】英语习语有固定词组和短句构成，通常是英语独有的表达方式，体现了当地的文化和观念。故答案为sentences。
40. Bilingualdictionaries are written in _____ languages.
【答案】two查看答案
【解析】双语词典使用两种语言编纂而成的。故答案为two。
III. Define thefollowing terms. (15% )
41.creation
答案：Creationrefers to the formation of new words by using the existing materials, namelyroots, affixes and other elements.
42.clipping
答案：Clippingis a common way of making a word, which is to shorten a longer word by cuttinga part of the original and using what remains instead.
43.antonymy
答案：Antonymyis used for “oppositeness of meaning”; words that are oppositein meaning areantonyms.
44. extra-linguisticcontext
答案：Extra-linguisticis also called non-linguistic context, which embraces the people, time, place,and even the whole cultural background.
45. idioms nominal innature
答案：Idiomsnominal in nature is a kind of idioms which have a noun as the key word in eachand function as a noun in sentences.
IV. Answer thefollowing questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answersin thespace given below. (20%)
46. What is the differencebetween root and stem?
答案：(1)A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed withouttotal loss of identity. A stem can be defined as a form to which affixes of anykind can be added.
(2) A stem may consist of asingle root morpheme or of two root morphemes. It can be a root morpheme plusone or more affixational morphemes.Stem can replace root and refer to any formwhich is larger than a root.
47. Please explain the differencebetween the following two examples from the viewpoint of word formation.
(1) single ( adjective) — single (verb)
(2) simple ( adjective) —simplify (verb)
答案：Bothsingle and simple are adjectives, but single can be used as a verb withoutchanging the form, e.g. “She singled him out at once as a possible victim.” Incontrast, simple cannot function as a verb without adding an affix, e.g.“Continental quilts simplify (not simple) bed-making.” The first instance is acase of zero-derivation or conversion whereas the second is one of suffixationas the suffix -ify is added to make simple a verb.
48. What are the major sources ofEnglish synonyms?
答案：Themajor sources of English synonyms are:
(1) Borrowing.
(2) Dialects and regional English.
(3) Figurative and euphemisticuse of words.
(4) Coincidence with idiomaticexpressions.
49.What does the underlined wordmean and what contextual clue is used in the following sentence?
“It is undesirable to write withtoo many parentheses, a pair of brackets round words or phrases.”
答案：Theunderlined word parentheses means a pair of brackets round words or phrases.The contextual clue used here is definition.
V. Analyze and comment on thefollowing. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)
50. Take “The dog is chasing acat” as an example to explain its grammatical meaning.
答案：Thewords “dog” and “cat” are nouns and both are singular used as subject andobject in the sentence respectively; “is chasing” is the predicate verb inpresent continuous tense, and the and a are determiners, restricting thereferent and indicating number.
51. Comment on the followingpiece of discourse in terms of superordinates andsubordinates, so far ashyponymy is concerned.
“There was a fine rocking-chairthat his father used to sit in, a desk where he wrote letters, a nest of smalltables and a dark, imposing bookcase. Now all this furniture was to be sold,and with it his own past. ”
答案：Inthis piece of discourse, the general word furniture is the superordinate term,and the more specific ones rocking-chair, desk, table, bookcase are the subordinateterms. The writer uses a set of hyponyms under furniture, which gives thewriting coherence and provides the key to understanding the text.
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