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2015年10月全国自考《英语写作基础》真题及详解
2015年4月全国自考《英语写作基础》真题及详解
2014年10月全国自考《英语写作基础》真题及详解
2014年4月全国自考《英语写作基础》真题及详解
2013年10月全国自考《英语写作基础》真题及详解
2013年1月全国自考《英语写作基础》真题及详解
2012年10月全国自考《英语写作基础》真题及详解
2012年1月全国自考《英语写作基础》真题及详解
2011年10月全国自考《英语写作基础》真题及详解
2011年1月全国自考《英语写作基础》真题及详解
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真题是每个考生复习备考必不可少的资料，而拥有一份权威、正确的参考答案尤为重要，通过研究历年真题能洞悉考试出题难度和题型，了解常考章节与重要考点，能有效指明复习方向。本考试科目代码为00597。
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2015年10月全国自考《英语写作基础》真题及详解
课程代码：00597
I.重写句子(15 points, 1.5 points each)
Rewrite each of thefollowing sentences according to the requirement in brackets.
Example: The history of Englishwords is the history of our civilization in many ways.(periodic sentence)
In many ways, the history ofEnglish words is the history of our civilization.
1. The white blanket of snow hid the paths. It also changed theshapes of the trees and bushes. (simple sentence)
【答案】The white blanket ofsnow hid the paths and changed the shapes of the trees and bushes.
【解析】简单句通常只含有一个主语和一个谓语，但是主语、谓语动词以及宾语成分可以有多个并列起来。该句共用一个主语the white blanket，谓语动词和宾语有两个，由and连接。
2.For many people, summer is themost enjoyable season. (loose construction)
【答案】Summeris the most enjoyable season for many people.查看答案
【解析】松散句是将重要信息置于句首，后面再接次要信息。for many people只是一个介词短语，主句为summer is the most enjoyable season，应将主句置于句首。
3.She wanted to be awell-informed shopper. She began to do research a week before.(complexsentence)
【答案】Shewanted to be a well-informed shopper, so she began to do research a week before.查看答案
【解析】复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为全句的主体，通常可以单独存在，而从句只能作为句子成分，不能独立。两句为因果关系，因此可用so引导第二句，作结果状语从句。
4.The company has been in itspresent location since the beginning of last century.(periodic sentence)
【答案】Sincethe beginning of last century, the company has been in its present location.查看答案
【解析】圆周句是将句子的中心放在句子的最后，并且直到最后一个词时句子才完整。该句中since the beginning oflast century为句子的时间状语，主句为the company has been inits present location，应将时间状语提前，中间用逗号隔开。
5.You need to know a lot aboutthe computer and the Internet to run an online shop successfully.(sentence withto opener)
【答案】Torun an online shop successfully, you need to know a lot about the computer andthe Internet.查看答案
【解析】题目要求用不定式作为句子的开头。该句中to run an online shopsuccessfully为不定式结构表示目的，应将不定式结构置于句首强调目的。
6.We can cutthe firewood this afternoon after school. We can also wait and cut it onSaturday morning.(compound sentence)
【答案】Wecan cut the firewood this afternoon after schoolor we can wait and cut it onSaturday morning.查看答案
【解析】并列句是两个或两个以上的简单句由并列连词连接起来的句子。因为题目中两个简单句是并列关系，因此用or连接。
7.It takescourage to succeed. It takes foresight to succeed. It takes luck as well tosucceed.(sentence with parallel structure)
【答案】Ittakes courage, foresight and luck to succeed.查看答案
【解析】平行结构指的是相同的语法结构，它要求有同等重要的思想、概念，并列的句子成分要用同类的语法形式来表达，用并列连词连接。该句中courage, foresight和luck共用一个谓语动词take，它们属于名词平行结构，最后两个名词之间用and连接。
8.My fathergrew up during a difficult time. It is called the Great Depression. It startedin 1929. My father was ten years old then.(long sentence)
【答案】Myfather grew up during a difficult time called the Great Depression, whichstarted in 1929 when my father was ten years old then.查看答案
【解析】长句中除了有主谓宾等成分外，还有定状补成分，起到修饰、补充和说明等作用。called the GreatDepression为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a difficult time；which引导非限制性定语从句修饰the Great Depression。
9.He lacked the necessaryqualifications. He was not considered for the job. (sentence with a modifying phrase)
【答案】Lacking the necessaryqualifications,he was not considered for the job.查看答案
【解析】本题要求将原句改为带有修饰性短语的句子。lacking the necessaryqualifications为现在分词短语，作原因状语来修饰he。
10.The president took the stage.Everybody stopped speaking. The ticking clock was all that could be heard.(compound-complexsentence)
【答案】When the presidenttook the stage, everybody stopped speaking and the ticking clock was all thatcould be heard.
【解析】并列复合句中既含有并列结构也含有从句结构。该句中when引导时间状语从句，而并列连词and连接主句中的两个分句。
II. 修改句子（15points, 3 pointseach）
Correct the errors in thefollowing sentences.
Example: After seeing anoffensive mouthwash ad on television. I resolved never to buy that brand again.
After seeing an offensivemouthwash ad on television, I resolved never to buy that brand again.
11.The moon hid behind a cloud, allthe world turned dark.
【答案】The moon hid behind acloud and all the world turned dark.
【解析】两个简单句之间不能仅仅用逗号隔开，需用并列连词and将其连接起来。
12.Rushing to class, the bookfell out of my bag.
【答案】WhenI was rushing to class, the book fell out of my bag.查看答案
【解析】当现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与主句中的主语保持一致。该句中rushing to class的主语为I，而主句中的主语为the book，因此不能使用现在分词作状语，这里可以使用when引导时间状语从句。
13.You willbe making less of a financial commitment by leasing a car than to own it.
【答案】Youwill be making less of a financial commitment by leasing a car than by owningit.查看答案
【解析】than连接比较对象，要求两者语法结构相同。因此than后面应改为by引导的介词短语。
14.After sitting for two hours in hisoffice, the doctor finally called me into the examining room.
【答案】Aftermy sitting for two hours in his office, the doctor finally called me into theexamining room.查看答案
【解析】本题中动名词的主语和主句中的主语也不一致，因此可以添加一个物主代词my来表明主语。
15.The wildlife specialist said that most bears are dangerous ontelevision.
【答案】Thewildlife specialist said on television that most bears are dangerous.查看答案
【解析】本题的on television修饰的对象错误，不是专家说大多数熊在电视里比较危险，而是专家在电视上说大多数熊都很危险。故on television应放在said之后。
III辨认主题句（15 points, 5 pointseach)
16.Choose the best topic sentencefrom the four options below. Write the corresponding letter of your choice inthe blank provided.
A. Petroleum, a liquid fossilfuel, comes from decayed plants and animals.
B.Fossil fuels come from theearth and are among the most common types of energy used by man.
C. Coal comes from trees thatdied millions of years ago, decayed, and then hardened into black rock.
D. Natural gas is formed likepetroleum, but the decayed plants and animals have been changed into differentkinds of gases.
Your choice: _____
【答案】D
【解析】主题句通常不仅仅是一个基于事实的描述，而是表达一个可辩论、待展开的观点。A，B，C三项均是对某种东西的描述，而D项可以展开叙述不同种类的气体，故D项为主题句。
17.Read the following paragraphand find the topic sentence in the paragraph and write it on the Answer Sheet.
Now let’s talk about how thehuman mind works. Think about the last movie you saw, for example. If you arelike most people, you can probably remember exactly how it began and exactlyhow it ended. You know what happened in the middle, of course, but thosedetails aren’tas clear as the details of the beginning and the end. This isjust the nature of the learning process. Simply because of the way the humanmind works, people tend to remember most what comes first and what come last.Reading works the same way. If you break up a reading task into severalsections, there are more starting and stopping points—morebeginnings and endings to remember. There will be less material in the middleto be forgotten.
【答案】Nowlet’s talk about how human mind works.查看答案
【解析】这句话明确告诉了读者接下来要讲的内容是how the human mindworks，以下就是他对于主题的解释说明。故第一句话为主题句。
18.Read the following paragraphand choose the best topic sentence from the four options that follow. Write thecorresponding letter of your choice in the blank provided.
Childcarecentersmay assist children in their early development. They give children anopportunity to mix with other children and to develop social skills at an earlyage. Parents and children need to spend some time apart. Children become lessdependent on their parents and parents themselves are less stressed and moreeffective care-givers when there are periods of separation. Parents who cannotgo to work because they do not have access to childcare facilities cannotcontribute to the national economy. They are not able to utilize theirproductive skills and do not pay income tax.
A. Childcare centers may helpchildren become more independent.
B. Some children do not have theopportunity to develop their social skills.
C. Childcare services areimportant to both individual families and the nation.
D. The government should providemore assistance to parents who use childcare.
Your choice: _____
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】根据选段内容可知，该段前面一部分讲的是儿童保育中心（childcare center）对于孩子和家长的好处，而最后两句话则讲的是儿童保育中心对于国家的贡献，因此主题句应该涵盖这两点，故C项正确。
IV.重新组合段落（5 points, 1 pointeach)
19.Rearrange the followingsentences so that they read logically. Put the corresponding letters in aproper sequence in the boxes provided below. The positions of some sentenceshave been given.
A. In 1896, Isabella celebratedher sixty-fourth birthday, and that same year she crossed northwest Chinahoping to reach Tibet.
B. Only when tribal warfare brokeout, however, and the bridges were torn downdid she turn around.
C. During the nineteenth century,a number of fearless woman distances from their homes.
D. Isabella Bird, for example, aBritish clergyman’s daughter, began traveling and writing when she was in herforties.
E. They visited places far awayfrom their native countries.
F. The book was published in1838; however, its title, Peregrinations of Pariah, meaning “travels of anoutcast,” suggest that not everyone admired its courageous author.
G While she was traveling, eventhough her guides collapsed with fever, and then her rice supply grewdangerously low, she didn’t give up.
H. Like Isabella Bird, FloraTristan, a native of France, proved her adventurous spirit adventurous spiritwhen she sailed from France to Peru, her to write a book.
【答案】C-E-D-A-G-B-H-F查看答案
【解析】C句引出了该段描述的主要人物以及事情，也就是说在19世纪时，很多无所畏惧的女性远离了她们的家，E句中这些女性远离家，游玩于世界各地。D句举出了一个例子，就是伊莎贝拉·贝德，她是一位英国牧师的女儿，在她40岁时开始旅行和写作。A句中继续描述在1896年伊莎贝拉庆祝她64岁的生日，并在同年她横跨中国西北部希望达到西藏，G句讲到在她的旅行过程中，尽管她的导游们都发烧，身体垮掉了，而且米饭供应也逐渐降低，但是她仍然没有放弃。B句表示转折，但是当部落间的战争爆发时，桥都断了，因此她不得不返回。H句中又提到了另外一个人弗洛拉·蒂斯坦，她是一个法国人，在她从法国航行去秘鲁的过程中她证明了自己的冒险精神，于是她写了一本书。最后一句F句中提到了这本书在1838年出版，标题为“Peregrinations ofPariah”，意思为一个弃儿的旅行，这个题目说明并不是所有人都很佩服其勇气可嘉的作者。
V.划掉与段落内容无关的句子（10 points, 5 pointseach)
20.Read the following paragraphand cross out TWO irrelevant sentences and write them on the Answer Sheet.
Nutritionists recommend the foodpyramid for a simple guide to eating the proper foods. Pyramid is a system with a small number of items at the topand a much larger number of items at the bottom. At the base of the foodpyramid are grains and fiber. You should eat six to eleven servings of bread,cereal, and rice every day. Next up the pyramid are vegetables and fruit; fiveto nine daily servings are recommended. The next pyramid level is the dairygroup. Two to three servings a day of milk, yogurt, or cheese help maintaingood nutrition. To make freshmilk cheese at home is the simplest of processes. Moving up the pyramid, thenext level is the meat, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, and nuts group, of whichonly two to three servings a day are enough. At the very top of the pyramid arefats, oils, and sweets; these foods should be eaten only infrequently.
【答案】
①Pyramid is a systemwith a small number of items at the top and a much larger number of items atthe bottom.
②To make a fresh milkcheese at home is the simplest of processes.
【解析】全段都在描述食物金字塔每一阶段应该吃的食物，而以上两句则是无关紧要，与主题无关的句子。
VI.写信(40 points)
21.You are chairperson of the Students’ Unionof Yuming College. Write a letter to invite Mr. Smith, professor ofsociology, to deliver a speech at aprize-awarding meeting at your college. In the letter, tell him
① the purpose of themeeting,
② the importance of hispresence and speech, and
③ the time and place ofthe meeting.
Don’t forget to tell him yourphone number (555-5555) and your emailname address (liping@123.com). Please sign your name as Li Ping. (150-200words)
【参考范文】
Dear Mr. Smith,
I am the chairperson of theStudents’ Union of Yuming College. I would like to invite you to be our guestspeaker to deliver a speech at a prize-awarding meeting in our college.
As you know, our school attachesgreat importance to the research of sociology, and students in our school haveindeed made some achievement in that field. Since you are a specialist insociology and have made lots of researches in the field, we truly expect aspeech from you. We wish we can know more about sociology from your insightfulviews. We also hope that your wonderful speech can draw more students into thisinteresting field.
The meeting is going to be heldat the Students’ Hall at ten o’clock in the morning on May 5th.You will receivefurther details later, and we would really appreciate it if you accept ourinvitation. And my phone number is 555-5555 and my email name address is liping@123.com.If there is anything you want to know, please contact me.
Sincerely Yours,
Li Ping
【范文点评】
该书信格式规范，条理清晰，语言流畅。第一段说明了来信目的，第二段表明了邀请教授来讲话的诚意，第三段介绍了相关的会议信息及联系方式。
【闪光词汇】
attach importance to重视
specialist专家
expect…from期待从某处得到……
insightful有见地的
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