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2015年10月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题及详解
2015年4月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题及详解
2014年10月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题及详解
2014年4月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题及详解
2013年10月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题及详解
2013年1月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题及详解
2012年10月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题及详解
2012年1月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题及详解
2011年10月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题及详解
2011年1月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题及详解
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2015年10月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题及详解
课程代码：00596
选择题部分
I. Reading Comprehension.(50 points ,2 points for each)
Directions: In thispart of the test, there are five passages. Following eachpassage, there arefive questions with four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answerand then write the correct, ponding letter on your Answer Sheet.
Passage One
American Sports represent afabric of American culture. Sports act as a unifying factor between people ofall ages. Of all the sports that America has to offer, baseball is consideredthe pastime of this country. Americans did not always regard baseball and othersports in such a benign manner. Rather, sports during the early colonial timeswere seen as pagan and devilish things to do. Many elite and wealthy gentry whoembodied the Victorian ideals regarded any type of games or sports as illvices. It was the common people who directly related sports to their religion.On days of re1igious celebration, early Americans joined together to playgames. These folk games were unstructured and unruly; however, the unity thatthese games brought, created a need for professional sporting games. Folk gamesprovided the foundation of sports. They created a sense of companionship andunison among individuals. These unorganized folk games created the thresholdfor organized sports and led to the transformation of the players’ roles andthe role of the audience. Amateurs became professional athletes, and the gamean organized business. The game of baseball evolved from the English game ofcricket and rounders. It was not until the time of the Civil War that baseballbegan to be played frequently.
However with the transformationof the nation, society and technology, folk games too began to evolve intospectator sports. After the Civi1 War, baseball became a popular sport and nolonger an archaic folk game. Structure and organization were introducedgradually into the game and increased public participation. The sport at firstexcluded the public, but as economic interests infiltrated the game, the needfor audiences and spectators arose. The audience of baseball was instrumentalin the transformation of baseball. The battling leagues and team rivalriescreated a sector for the American public to participate in baseball. Theprocess of the transformation of American folk games into spectator games wasdue to capitalism, evolution of American society, urban settings, level ofplayer performance, technological advances and the addition of structure andorganization to the games; thus, transforming the sport of baseball into amonopolized and professional business.
Organized Baseball and theCommission have propagated the myth that General AbnerDoublday invented thegame of baseball. This was an attempt to make baseball an American game. TheCommission wanted to distinguish baseball as a truly American game thatoriginated in Cooperstown, New York.
Questions 1-5 are based onPassage One.
1. What role do sportsplay in America?
A. Sports serve as a link betweenpeople of different times.
B. Sports bring American people, youngor old, together.
C. Sports are no more thanpastimes in American culture.
D. Sports help Americans tobehave in good manners.
2. Americans regardedsports as evil things _____.
A. when amateurs becameprofessional athletes
B. on days of religiouscelebration
C. during the ear1y colonial days
D. during the Civi1 War
3. The audience wasimportant for the transformation of baseball because of _____.
A. economic interests
B. sense of companionship
C. player performance
D. rivalries between teams
4. According to thepassage, baseball _____.
A. was frequently played longbefore the Civil War
B. was invented by GeneralAbnerDoublday
C. originated in Cooperstown, NewYork
D. has become a monopolizedbusiness
5. The passage isintended for _____.
A. persuading
B. informing
C. criticizing
D. entertaining
【文章导读】
文章讲了运动在美国社会中的作用，介绍了美国人对运动看法的变化，以及棒球这一运动形式的演变与发展。
【答案及解析】
1. B 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Sports act as a unifying factor between people ofall ages”可知，运动是使各年龄段的人团结起来的因素。B项表述为“运动使美国人，不论年轻人还是老人，联系在一起”，符合文意，故选B项。
2. C 细节理解题。根据第一段中“sports during theearly colonial times were seen aspagan and devilish things to do”可知，在殖民时期早期，运动被视为异教徒的和邪恶的事情。C项符合文意，故选C项。
3. A 细节理解题。根据第二段中间部分“The sport at first excluded thepublic, but as economic interests infiltrated the game, the need for audiencesand spectators arose”可知，棒球运动期初排斥公众，但是随着经济利益的渗透，对于观众的需求也增加了，由此观众在棒球的演变中产生了重要作用。A项符合文意，故选A项。
4.D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中“transforming the sport ofbaseball into a monopolized and professional business”可知，棒球运动已经成为一个垄断、专业的行业。D项符合文意，故选D项。
5.B 主旨大意题。这篇文章讲了美国人对运动看法的变化，向读者介绍了棒球的演变与发展，是一篇说明性的文章，旨在让读者了解文章中的知识。B项符合文意，故选B项。
Passage Two
There are many different kinds ofevidence that women and men are judged differently even if they talk the sameway. This tendency makes mischief in discussions of women, men and power. If alinguistic strategy is used by a woman, it is seen as powerless; if it is usedby a man, it is seen as powerful. Often, the labeling of “women’s language” as“powerless language” reflects the view of women’s behavior through the lens of men’s.
Because they are not strugglingto be one-up, women often find themselves framed as one-down. Any situation isripe for misinterpretation because status and connections are displayed by thesame moves. This ambiguity accounts for much misinterpretation by experts aswell as non experts, by which women’s ways of talking, uttered in a spirit ofrapport, are branded powerless. Nowhere is this inherent ambiguity clearer thanin a brief comment in a newspaper article in which a couple, bothpsychologists, were jointly interviewed. The journalist asked them the meaningof “being very polite”. The two experts responded simultaneously, givingdifferent answers. The man said, “Subservience.” The woman said, “Sensitivity.”Both experts were right, but each was describing the view of a different gender.
Experts and non experts aliketend to see anything women do as evidence of powerlessness. The same newspaperarticle quotes another psychologist as saying, “A man might ask a woman, ‘Willyou please go to the store?’ where a woman might say, ‘Gee, I really need a fewthings from the store, but I’m so tired.’” The woman’s style is called“covert”, a term suggesting negative qualities like being “sneaky” and“underhanded”. The reasons offered for this is power: The woman doesn’t feelshe has a right to ask directly.
Granted, women have lower statusthan men in our [American] society. But this is not necessarily why they prefernot to make outright demands. The explanation for a woman’s indirectness couldjust as well be her seeking connection. If you get your way as a result of having demanded it, thepayoff is satisfying in terms of status: You’re one-up because others are doingas you told them. But if you get your way because others happened to wantthe same thing, or because they offered freely, the payoff is rapport. You’reneither one-up nor one-down but happily connected to others whose wants are thesame as yours. Furthermore, if directness is understood by both parties, thenthere is nothing covert about it: That a request is being made is clear.Calling an indirect communication covert reflects the view of someone for whomthe direct style seems “natural” and “logical”—aview more common among men.
Questions 6-10 are based onPassage Two.
6. The association of women’slanguage with “powerlessness” shows _____.
A. men’s attitude toward women’sbehavior
B. men’s understanding of alinguistic strategy
C. women’s weakness in usinglanguage ski11s
D. women’s tendency to avoidmen’s linguistic strategies
7. The interview of thecouple of psychologists is mentioned to show _____.
A. the importance of beingsubservient
B. the gap between experts andnonexperts
C. the necessity of beingsensitive in marriage
D. the different understandingsof “politeness” between men and women
8. According to thepassage, women tend to make requests _____.
A. openly
B. outright
C. indirectly
D. awkwardly
9. The payoff ofwomen’s way of making demands is _____.
A. to win trust from others
B. to share their feelings withothers
C. to secure an advantageousposition
D. to maintain a friendlyrelationship with others
10.According to the passage, in American society, women _____.
A. are struggling to be one-up
B. have lower status than men
C. play a dominant role at home
D. tend to make mischief indiscussions
【文章导读】
文章讲了男性和女性在使用语言时的差异，由于社会地位等原因，女性讲究说话方式会被认为是无能的表现，而男性则不然。
【答案及解析】
6.A 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Often, the labeling of ‘women’slanguage’ as ‘powerless language’ reflects the view of women’s behavior throughthe lens ofmen’s”可知，通常，将女性的语言视为无能的语言，反映了男性对女性行为的看法。A项符合文意，故选A项。
7.D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中“each was describing the view ofadifferent gender”可知，这对心理学家夫妇各自描述的是不同性别对“礼貌”的看法。D项表述为“男性和女性对‘礼貌’的不同理解”，符合文意，故选D项。
8. C 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中“The womandoesn’t feel she has aright to ask directly”和最后一段第二句中“they prefer not to makeoutright demands”可知，由于社会地位低下，女性认为自己没有权利直接提出要求，因此在提出要求时都比较委婉。C项indirectly（间接地；委婉地）符合文意，故选C项。
9.C 推理判断题。最后一段提到“If you get your way as a result of having demandedit, the payoff is satisfying in terms of status: You’re one-up because othersare doing as you told them.”，由此可知，女性主动提出要求有利于提升自己的地位，故C项正确。
10.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Granted, women have lower statusthan men in our [American] society”可知，作者认为在美国社会，女性的社会地位比男性低。B项符合文意，故选B项。
Passage Three
Cord cutting is growing inpopularity, with more and more people deciding to ditch cable or satellitetelevision in favor of other options. According to Experian Marketing Services,cord-cutters grew by 44 percent in the past four years. Instead of using cableor satellite television, 7.6 million households are using high-speed Internetfor videos. SNL Kagan predicts that 12 million households will cut the cord by2015.
Although cable and satellitetelevision companies are still doing well, this new trend in cord cutting isthreatening their futures. Customers are finding that companies like Netflix,as well as other services that provide free or affordable video streaming,allow them to watch the shows they enjoy without paying for extra channels orfees. Although customers still need to have online access, just paying for theInternet (and possibly a Netflix or Hulu account) is tempting to manycustomers.
Streaming and downloaded videosare becoming very popular. Experian’s study showed that during a typical week,48 percent of U.S. adults and 67 percent of young adults watch streaming ordownloaded videos. In addition, the fact that tablets and other mobile devicesare making it so easy to watch streaming videos is adding to the charm ofsaying goodbye to traditional television for cord-cutters. Each week, 24percent of all U.S. adults and 42 percent of smart phone owners watch videos ona mobile device. The greatest amount smart phone viewing occurs between 8 and 9p.m. each night.
The abundance of wirelesstechnology has also made cord cutting more possible. Tablets and smart phonescan now be used almost anywhere, from the home to the office to airports tomany different restaurants. Because wireless service is so easy to access,video streaming is attractive because people can watch a video almost anywhere.In addition, because most portable electronic devices are easy to bring along,customers can easily take their tablet and catch up on their favoritetelevision show or video whenever they want.
Of course, there are alsodisadvantages to cutting cable or satellite television service. Some shows arenot easy to stream online legally, and many of the bigger companies that streamTV shows require a subscription fee. Movies are sometimes even harder to find,and although Netflix and other companies offer a large selection of movies aspart of their streaming options, many movies are still only available throughrenting. In addition, these companies usually don’t offer live sporting eventsor live television shows, which do keep some people watching cable andsatellite television.
Questions 11-15 are based onPassage Three.
11. The numbers inPara. 1 are used to show _____.
A. the growing popularity of cordcutting
B. the poor services of satellitetelevision
C. the development of cabletelevision
D. the high speed of Internet
12. According toExperian’s study, _____ of U.S. young adults watch streaming or downloadedvideos during a typical week.
A. 24%
B. 44%
C. 48%
D.67%
13. When do peoplehave the largest amount of smartphone viewing?
A. In the morning.
B. In the evening.
C. In the afternoon.
D.At midnight.
14. According to thepassage, cord cutting became a reality because of _____.
A. the easy access to cable TV
B. the low prices of mobiledevices
C. the development ofwirelesstechnology
D. the decreasing number ofsmartphone users
15. Itcan be inferredfrom the last paragraph that _____.
A. some people still watch livefootball games on cable or satellite TV
B. the Internet is not necessaryfor watching streaming videos
C. few big companies requiresubscription fee for TV shows
D. Netflix offers only moviestreaming to its users
【文章导读】
文章介绍了有线电视和卫星电视用户减少、越来越多的人转向无线互联网的情况，并解释了这一现象的原因。
【答案及解析】
11.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Cord cutting is growing in popularity…”可知，“线切割”这一现象越来越普遍，越来越多的人放弃有线电视和卫星电视而转向其他选择。该句为这一段的主题句，列举数字是为了证明这一点。A项符合文意，故选A项。
12.D 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Experian’s study showed that during a typical week…67percent of young adults watch streaming or downloaded videos”可知，通常一周内，67%的年轻成年人会观看流式视频或下载的视频。D项符合文意，故选D项。
13.B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The greatest amount smartphone viewingoccurs between 8 and 9 p.m. each night”可知，使用手机观看视频的人在晚上八点和九点之间最多。B项符合文意，故选B项。
14.C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“The abundance of wirelesstechnology has also made cord cutting more possible”可知，无线技术的发展使“线切割”成为可能。C项符合文意，故选C项。
15.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句中“these companies usually don’toffer live sporting events or live television shows, which do keep some peoplewatching cable and satellite television”可知，网络公司不提供运动赛事和电视节目的直播，这使一些人继续看有线电视和网络电视。由此可以推断，一些人仍在有线电视或卫星电视上看运动比赛的直播。A项符合推断，故选A项。
Passage Four
Snazzy technology is a twist in anarrative already several chapters long. Mass-market retailing has changed thepublishing industry: these days books are as likely to be found beside steaksand saucepans as they are to be bought in specialist stores. The story turns onwhether broader changes in bookselling will stifle literature. Dan Brown willsurvive. Would Dante?
For most of the past century, governmentsacross Europe protected book prices; many still do. Even in America, apart fromdime-store romances, few titles were sold outside bookshops. But in the 1970sstores like Borders and Barnes & Noble applied a supermarket maxim toprint: pile them high and watch them fly. Waterstones did the same thing inBritain and top titles started selling in the hundreds of thousands, evenmillions.
Just as book superstores forcedout many independents, so supermarkets and other mass retailers have sincecrowded the book chains. In Britain, when price regulation was disbanded in1997, supermarkets rushed in and now sell a quarter of all books, according tothe way that Nielsen, a market-research outfit, calculates it. Belgium andFinland mimicked this trend.
This has been good for readers:in Britain the average price of a book has fallen by 15% since 2003, reckonsBML Bowker, a book-marketing consultancy. And demand has grown: consumers spendthe same amount on books, so they must be buying more. Those independentbookshops that survived the chain war in America and Britain have held salesand prices steady. Meanwhile, mass retailers find books such a draw that theylure in customers by selling some titles at a loss.
Higher turnover should also bepositive for publishers. But mass retailers demand discounts of up to 60% forbulk orders, shrinking margins. All sides prosper when books sell quickly. But,unlike groceries, if books don’t sell, retailers return them to the publisherand do not pay. So, when a book with a large print run flops, publishers end upwith an expensive pile of recycling. That is why some publishers have stoppeddoing new deals with the likes of Costco, an American warehouse retailer, whichlikes to order very large print runs.
Few people will mourn publishers’losses from increased price competition and new technology like e-readers. Thequestion is whether these trends undermine the quality of books which are beingpublished, by breaking a business model that has let firms focus on variety andrange. Publishers have good reason to shiver at the decline of traditionalbookshops. To fund the discovery and promotion of new authors, they have reliedon books that sell steadily over a number of years. Yet mass retailers stock afew hundred new blockbusters.
Questions 16-20 are based onPassage Four.
16. The supermarketmaxim adopted by Borders and Barnes & Noble in the 1970s means that_____.
A. the commodities in thesupermarkets are often stolen
B. the commodities placed high onthe shelf tend to drop
C. the expensive commoditiesshould be arranged in piles
D. the more commodities are ondisplay, the better they sell
17. Mass retailerssell some books at a loss in order to_____.
A. recycle books
B. shrink margins
C. attract customers
D. keep the prices steady
18. According to thepassage, some publishers refuse to do business with Costco partly because _____.
A. it refuses to recycle books
B. it doesn’t pay for the unsoldbooks
C. it orders too small a quantityof books
D. it doesn’t return the books tothe publishers
19. Increased pricecompetition and new technology make many readers _____.
A. feel sorry for publishers’losses
B. worry about the quality ofbooks
C. stop relying on books in theirfree time
D. shiver at the decline of traditionalbookshops
20. This passagemainly discusses the relationship between _____.
A. bookselling and publishing
B. bookshops and supermarkets
C. books and their prices
D. reading and marketing
【文章导读】
本文主要讲了图书销售的方式发生了巨大变化，竞争激烈导致的价格下降对读者而言是有益的，但是图书的质量问题却令人担忧。
【答案及解析】
16.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“…Borders and Barnes & Noble applied asupermarket maxim to print: pile them high and watch them fly”可知，这些书店奉行的超市售书箴言是：只要把书摞高，人们就会就会抢光它。下文列举了英国Waterstones书店采用这种做法，畅销书销售了成百上千甚至是百万册。D项表述为“陈列的商品越多，卖得越好”，符合文意，故选D项。
17.C 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中“mass retailers find books such adraw that they lure in customers by selling some titles at a loss”可知，大的零售商亏本销售，是为了吸引顾客购书。C项符合文意，故选C项。
18.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中间部分“if books don’t sell, retailersreturn them to the publisher and do not pay. So, when a book with a large printrun flops, publishers end up with an expensive pile of recycling”可知，如果书卖不出去，零售商就会把书退给出版商，并且不支付书费，所以当大批印刷的书卖不出去时，出版商最终得以高价回收。B项表述为“它不为未卖出去的书支付费用”，符合文意，故选B项。
19.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句中“The question is whether thesetrends undermine the
quality of books”可知，人们担心的是书本的质量是否会受到影响。B项符合文意，故选B项。
20.D 主旨大意题。根据第一段倒数第三句“The story turns on whetherbroader changes in bookselling will stifle literature”可知，这篇文章主要关注图书销售领域的巨大变化是否会遏制文学的发展。根据最后一段第二句中“The question iswhether these trends undermine the quality of books”可知，人们担心图书的质量是否会受到影响。因此，文章主要讲的是图书市场销售与大众阅读图书之间的关系。D项符合文意，故选D项。
Passage Five
The theft by a Russian syndicateof 1.2 billion username and password combinations from 420, 000 websites aroundthe world means that the personal details of almost half of all users of theinternet must now be considered severely compromised. It can be only a matterof time before the victims find nasty surprises in their bank statements andcredit-card accounts. To be on the safe side, anyone who uses financial andshopping websites should change their passwords forthwith preferably tosomething longer, more jumbled, and including no word found in any dictionary.The more nonsensical the better.
Heads may nod in agreement, butthe advice is then promptly ignored. Human nature, being what it is, has ahabit of making people the weakest link in any security chain. For instance,passwords that are easy to remember—the ones most peoplechoose—tend to be the easiest forcybercrooks to guess. By contrast, passwords comprising long, random strings ofuppercase and lowercase letters plus numbers and other keyboard characters arefar more difficult to fathom. Unfortunately, they are also difficult toremember. As a result, users write them down on scraps of paper that get leftlying around for prying eyes to see.
Basically, two factors determinea password’s strength. The first is the number of guesses an attacker must tryto find the correct one. This depends on the password’s length, complexity andrandomness. The second factor concerns how easy it is to check the validity ofeach guess. This depends on how the password is stored on a website’s server.
What can individuals do toprotect themselves? Apart from choosing passwords that are strong enough (ie,long, complex and random mixtures of ASCII characters) to make cracking theirhashes too time consuming for thieves to bother with, there is actually not allthat much more. Passwords get stolen and broken mainly because of poor choicesmade by those responsible for a website’s security—especiallythe way it stores customers’ validation details.
Given the pace of innovation ingraphics processors, coupled with the increasing power of cracking software(mostly available for free on the internet), even the best password defencesare destined to be overwhelmed in due course. After two thousand years ofdevelopment, the password’s days would finally seemnumbered. Time to startinvesting in spoof-proof biometric factors that characterize each personuniquely as an individual.
Questions 21-25 are based onPassage Five.
21. Once their usernameand password combinations are stolen, it is advisable for online shoppers_____
A. to adopt new passwords as soonas possible
B. to refuse bank statements andcredit-card accounts
C. to consult a dictionary forlong words as passwords
D. to use shorter passwords whichare easy to remember
22. The problem withcomplex passwords is that _____.
A. they are easy to fathom
B. they are hard to remember
C. they arouse the interest ofhackers
D. they are chosen by most people
23. The strength of apassword is NOT determined by _____.
A. its complexity
B. its length
C. its randomness
D. its meaning
24. The main reasonwhy passwords are stolen and broken is _____.
A. the carelessness ofonline-shoppers
B. how they are stored on thewebsite’s server
C. how often the users changetheir passwords
D. the irresponsibility of thewebsite security staff
25. What is theauthor’s attitude toward the future of passwords?
A. They will consist of numbersonly.
B. They will contribute toinnovation in processors.
C. They will give way to bettersecurity measures.
D. They will be beyond the powerof cracking software.
【文章导读】
文章以一个俄国团伙从网站上盗取大量用户名和密码为例，说明互联网时代人们的私人信息存在安全隐患。当密码设置不能充分保障人们的信息安全时，应该发掘新的安全保障措施。
【答案及解析】
21.A 细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句中“To be on the safe side,anyone…should change their passwords forthwith”可知，为了确保信息安全，人们应当立即修改密码。A项表述为“尽快使用新密码”，符合文意，故选A项。
22.B 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“Unfortunately, they are alsodifficult to remember”可知，混合有大小写字母、数字等的复杂密码虽然不容易被盗，但是很难记住。B项符合文意，故选B项。
23.D 细节理解题。根据第三段内容，决定密码强度的因素有两个：一是黑客为找出正确密码而必须猜测的次数，这取决于密码的长度、复杂和无序程度；二是确定每次猜测正确性的容易程度，这取决于密码存储于网站服务器的方式。因此，D项符合题意，故选D项。
24.D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Passwords get stolen and brokenmainly because of poor choices made by those responsible for a website’ssecurity—especially the way it storescustomers’ validation details”可知，密码破解被盗，主要是因为网站安全负责人给出的选择尤其是存储客户准确信息的选择太少、太差。D项表述为“网站安全负责人不称职”，符合文意，故选D项。
25.C 观点态度题。根举最后一段倒数第二句“the password’sdays would finally seem numbered”和最后一句“Time to startinvesting in spoof-proof biometric factors that characterize each personuniquely as an individual”可知，密码很快将不适应保障个人信息安全，应该投资开发能够体现每个人独特性的安全保障措施。C项表述为“它们将让位于更好的安全保障措施”，符合作者观点，故选C项。
非选择题部分
II. Vocabulary. (10points, 1 point for each)
Directions: Scan thefollowing passage and find the words which have roughly the same meanings asthose given below. The number in the brackets after each word definition refersto the number of paragraph in which the target word is.Write the word youchoose on the Answer Sheet.
Today, there’s scarcely an aspectof our life that isn’t being upended by the torrent of information available onthe hundreds of millions of sites crowding theInternet, not to mention its abilityto keep us in constant touch with each other viaelectronic mail. “If the automobileandaerospace techno1ogy had exploded at the same pace as computer and informationtechnology, “says Microsoft, “a new car would cost about $2 and go 600 mi1es ona thimbleful of gas. And you could buy aBoeing 747 for the cost of a pizza.”
Probably the biggest payoff,however, is the billions of dollars the Internetis saving companies inproducing goods and serving for the needs of their customers.Nothing like ithas been seen since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, whenpower-driven machines began producing more in a day than men could turnout innearly a year.“We view the growth of the Internet and e-commerce as a globalmegatrend,”says Merrill Lynch, “along the linesof printing press, thetelephone,the computer, and electricity.”
You would be hard pressed to namesomething that isn’t available on the Internet. Consider: books, health care,movie tickets, construction materials, baby clothes, stocks, cattle feed,music, electronics, antiques, tools, real estate, toys, autographs of famouspeople, wine and airline tickets. And even after you’vemoved on to your finalresting place, there’s no reason those you love can’t keep in touch. A companycalled FinalThoughts.com offers a place for you to store“afterlife e-mails” youcan send to Heaven with the help of a “guardian angel”.
Kids today are so computer savvythat it virtually ensures the United States will remain the unchallenged leaderin cyberspace for the foreseeable future.Nearly all children in families withincomes of more than $75, 000 a year havehome computers, according to a studyby the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. Youngsters from ages 2 to 17 at allincome levels have computers, with 52% of those connected to the Internet.
26.overthrown (Para. 1)
27. turbulent, swift-flowingstream (Para. 1)
28.by means of (Para. 1)
29. benefit or advantage (Para.2)
30.worldwide(Para. 2)
31.mention (Para. 3)
32. put away for future use (Para.3)
33. well informed and perceptive(Para. 4)
34. practically or nearly (Para.4)
35. capable ofbeing anticipated(Para. 4)
【答案及解析】
26.upend 颠覆
27.torrent 急流；洪流
28.via 通过
29.payoff 好处
30.global 全球性的；全世界的
31.name 说出
32.store 存放
33.savvy 精通；有见识的
34.virtually 实际上
35.foreseeable 可预见的
III. Summarization.(20 points, 2 points for each)
Directions: In thissection of the test, there are ten paragraphs. Each of the paragraphs isfollowed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea ofthe paragraph. Spell out the missing letters of the word on your Answer Sheet.
Paragraph One
A study says men can have just asstrong a bond with their child as mothers. In the study, the brains of parentswere scanned while they watched videos of theirinteractions with children.Fathers who were raising a child by themselves were found to have a similar emotionalresponse. This meant they were performing bothroles of mother and father.
36. Fathers can also establish anintimate t______ with their child.
【答案】touch查看答案
【解析】句意：父亲也可以与孩子建立亲密的联系。该段主要讲了一项研究的发现，即父亲也可以和母亲一样，与孩子建立密切地联系。touch表示“联系”，符合文意，故答案为touch。
Paragraph Two
The State Council of China issueda guideline to further accelerate household registration reform. A “pointssystem” mainly based on legal permanent employment and accommodation, seniorityin social security and continuous residence—isto be established in cities with over 5m residents. Those who have accumulatedcertain points are qualified to apply for the cities’ permanent householdresidence for themselves, their spouses, minor children and parents.
37. A p_____ of householdregistration reform is underway.
【答案】plan查看答案
【解析】句意：户籍改革计划正在进行。该段介绍，国务院出台进一步加速户籍改革的指导意见，计划在人口超过五百万的城市建立“积分制”。plan表示“计划”，符合文意，故答案为plan。
Paragraph Three
Shorter workdays have madeheadlines lately in Sweden. On 1July, the citybegan a year-long experiment withsix-hour days, enlisting a segment of government employees to work less thantheir eight-hour-a-day counterpart, for the same pay. The hope is that staffersworking shorter days will accomplish just as much, only with more efficiencyand less calling in sick.
38. An experiment on shorterworkdays but h _____productivity.
【答案】higher查看答案
【解析】句意：关于缩短工作日提高工作效率的试验。该段主要讲了瑞典开始试验缩短工作日，在工资不变的情况下将八小时工作时间虽短为六小时，但是完成的工作任务量不变，因此工作效率要更高。故答案为higher。
Paragraph Four
It may seem odd to chow down on agarden salad topped with lentils or salmonat 8 a.m., but who says breakfastmeals have to look different than lunch or supper? Give it a try—youmay just find that warmed up stir fry, veggie “pasta”, or a crispentrée saladis your new favorite way to start the day.
39. Suggestion on the f ______ mealof the day.
【答案】first查看答案
【解析】句意：对一天中第一餐的建议。该段主要讲的是尝试改变早餐的做法。早餐为一天中的第一餐，故答案为first。
Paragraph Five
Malta is a beautiful southernEuropean country in the Mediterranean Sea, which has a rich history andculture. There are amazing sky-high cliffs to climb, fabulous temples toexplore, and lots of wonderful places to go scuba diving. The historic part ofMalta has incredible architecture, great walled cities, and many undergroundtunnels to explore.
40. An attractive seaside r_____ fortourists.
【答案】resort查看答案
【解析】句意：游客们的一处引人入胜的海滨度假胜地。该段主要介绍了欧洲南部海滨城市马耳他，是旅游的好去处。resort表示“度假胜地”，符合文意，故答案为resort。
Paragraph Six
Brushing already acidic teeth canfurther the erosion of one’s enamel. People need to give their teeth time toremineralize after being bathed in an acidic beverage. It’s advisable to waitan hour after drinking before lifting a toothbrush.
41. T______ your time brushingyour teeth after drinking.
【答案】Take查看答案
【解析】句意：饮酒后不要着急刷牙。该段讲了饮酒后何时刷牙。由于牙齿已经酸化，刷牙会进一步腐蚀珐琅质，建议饮酒后给牙齿恢复的时间，隔一个小时再刷牙。take one’s time doingsth.表示“不慌不忙地做某事”，符合文意，位于句首，故答案为Take。
Paragraph Seven
If you remember learning aboutthe senses in elementary school, you know humans possess five: sense of sight,sense of smell, sense of hearing, sense of touch, and sense of taste. Mostscientists agree, however, that you have more like ten to twenty senses, includingpain, hunger, thirst, temperature, and more.
42.More senses than commonly k ____.
【答案】known查看答案
【解析】句意：感官比通常所知道的要多。该段主要讲除了小学所知的物种感官，人类还有其他感官，多达10到20种。known表示“已知的”，符合文意，故答案为known。
Paragraph Eight
Regular poor sleep can raise therisk of serious medical conditions like obesity, heart attack and diabetes—andcan even shorten life expectancy. Adequate exposure to natural daylight is knownto be crucial for governing the body’s circadian rhythm—thebuilt-in clock which dictates our sleeping and waking patterns.
43. A key factor to improve one’ssleep and h_____.
【答案】health查看答案
【解析】句意：提升睡眠和健康的一个重要因素。该段主要讲了长期缺乏睡眠对身体健康的严重危害，建议充分接触自然光线，因为这对调控身体节律很重要，有利于形成健康的生物钟。health表示“健康”，符合文意，故答案为health。
Paragraph Nine
In a new study, a team ofneuroscientists and psychologists from Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) discovered that the harder adults tried to learn an artificial language,the worse they were at deciphering the language’s morphology—thestructure and deployment of linguistic units such as root words , suffixes, andprefixes.
44. A scientific discovery onlanguage l_____.
【答案】learning查看答案
【解析】句意：关于语言学习的一项科学发现。该段讲了麻省理工学院的神经科学家和心理学家发现，如果成年人学习人工语言越困难，那么他们了解语言形态的能力就越差。这是一项关于语言学习的发现。learning表示“学习”，符合文意，故答案为learning。
Paragraph Ten
Safar’s work began to change ourperceptions of death—blurring the pointthat is meant to mark the end of our lives. “We’ve all been brought up to thinkdeath is an absolute moment—when you die you can’tcome back. It used to be correct, but now we’ve come to understand that evenafter you’ve become a cadaver, you’re still retrievable.”
45. The boundary between life anddeath is less and less c ______.
【答案】clear查看答案
【解析】句意：生死之间的界线越来越模糊。该段讲了标志死亡的时间点越来越模糊，以前认为死亡是一个绝对的时刻，但是现在，即使人变成了尸体，仍然有机会死而复生。clear表示“清晰的”，lessand less clear表示“越来越模糊（不清晰）”，符合文意，故答案为clear。
IV. Translation.(20points, 4 points for each)
Directions: In thefollowing passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read thepassage carefully and translate these sentences into Chinese. Write the Chineseversion on your Answer Sheet
(46) Camps are either temporary,that is changed from day to day, or they are permanent and may be visited year afteryear, or they may be used for a few weeks at a time! Temporary camps are theones we are considering, and these can be elaborate or very, very simple. I preferthe latter, and I am the sure boys will agree with me.
(47) During the autumn and whenthe weather is dry and the nights not too cool, the best way to camp is in theopen, sleeping on beds of boughs, about a roaring fire, and with one blanketunder and another over.
Small dog tents, like the onesour soldiers carried in the Civil War, are cheap and very convenient. Each mancarried a section, and two made a tent, into which two men crawled when itrained, but in dry weather they preferred to sleep in the open, even when itwas freezing.
(48) Shelters of boughs, arrangedin an A-framed fashion from a ridge pole make good temporary shelters and arefirst rate as windbreaks at night.
A shack built of crossed logsrequires some time to build and some ski11 to make, but it is not beyond thereach of any boy who has seen—and who has not—anold-fashioned log shanty.
But all boys, even trainedforesters, are apt to get lost in strange woods. Every one, however, shouldknow what to do in such a circumstance. As a rule the denser growth of moss ontrees is on the north side. This knowledge may help find the direction, but itis better to carry a small pocket compass.
(49) When the sky is clear, thesun and the stars help to guide the course, and if they are followed one issaved from traveling in a circle, as the lost are pretty sure to do in a denseforest.
(50) If twigs are broken frombushes they will serve to show the course to those out searching. A good planis to follow down the course of a stream, which always flows into a larger bodyof water and will lead to some abode. If a hill is accessible, the lay of theland may be had from its summit.
In any event, should you be lost,do not get rattled. You will be missed in camp and a search will be made byyour friends. If you have to stay in the woods all night, make the best of it.Others have made the best of it by sleeping near the foot of a tree or beside alog. It will be more cheery if you can make a fire without danger to the woods.
【参考译文】
46．营地可以是暂时的，一天一换；也可以是固定的，我们可以每年都来住，或者可以一次住上好几个星期！
47．秋天的时候，天气干燥，夜晚也不太凉，所以露营的最佳地点是在空旷处，生起火堆，睡在树干铺成的床上，垫上一张毯子，再盖一张。
48．用树枝支起的帐篷，由一根木柱支成金字塔的形状，是一个很好的临时住所，夜间防风的能力也是一流的。
49．天气晴朗的时候，太阳和星星可以帮助指路。在茂密的森林里迷路的人经常会在原地绕圈，如果参照太阳和星星，那迷路的人就不会这样了。
50．如果树枝折断了，它们会给那些找出路的人指路。一个好的方法就是顺着溪流往下走，这条溪流总会汇入更大的水域，并把人带到有人住的地方。
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