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内容简介
目录
第一部分 历年真题及详解[视频讲解]
2016年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类C级）真题及详解
2015年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类C级）真题及详解
2014年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类C级）真题及详解[视频讲解]
2013年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类C级）真题及详解[视频讲解]
2012年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类C级）真题及详解[视频讲解]
2011年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类C级）真题及详解
2010年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类C级）真题及详解
2009年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类C级）真题及详解
2008年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类C级）真题及详解
2007年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类C级）真题及详解
2006年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类C级）真题及详解
2005年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类C级）真题及详解
第二部分 模拟试题及详解
全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类C级）模拟试题及详解（一）
全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类C级）模拟试题及详解（二）
全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类C级）模拟试题及详解（三）
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第一部分 历年真题及详解[视频讲解]
2016年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类C级）真题及详解
第1部分：词汇选项（第1—15题,每题1分,共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线,请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.You need feedback to monitor progress.
A. stop
B. achieve
C. check
D. access
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意：你需要利用反馈信息来监控进展。monitor监控。check检查，核对。二者意思相近，此处可相互替换，因此选C项。stop停止。achieve取得；获得。access使用；存取；接近。
2. This latest injury must surely mean that hertennis career is now at an end.
A. over
B. ready
C. rewarding
D. promising
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：可以确信，最近的这次受伤意味着她的网球职业生涯的结束。over可以表示“结束”，因此本题选A项。rewarding值得的；有报酬的。promising有前途的；有希望的。
3.Jensen is a dangerous man, and can be very brutal.
A. careless
B. strong
C. cruel
D. hard
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意：Jensen是个危险人物，他可能会很残忍。brutal残忍的；野蛮的；无情的。cruel残酷的，残忍的；无情的。二者意思相近，此处可互相替换，因此选C项。careless粗心的；无忧无虑的；漫不经心的。strong强壮的；强烈的。hard困难的；硬的。
4.The idea was quite brilliant.
A. positive
B. clever
C. key
D. original
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：这个主意相当巧妙。brilliant聪明的；杰出的。clever 聪明的，灵巧的。二者意思相近，此处可相互替换，因此选B项。positive积极的；确实的。key关键的。original原始的；最初的。
5.We are aware of the potential problems.
A. global
B. ongoing
C. possible
D. central
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意：我们意识到了潜在的问题。potential潜在的，有可能的。possible可能的。二者意思相近，此处可相互替换，因此选C项。global全球的。ongoing不间断的，进行的。central中央的，中心的。
6.We must get to the root of the problem.
A. approach
B. cause
C. heart
D. solution
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：我们必须找到问题的根源。root根；根源。cause起因，原因。二者意思相近，此处可互相替换，因此选B项。approach方法；途径。heart心脏，核心。solution解决办法。
7. All houses within 100 metres of the seas are atrisk of flooding.
A. out of control
B. in danger
C. between equals
D. in particular
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：距海100米内的所以房屋都有遭受洪水泛滥的危险。at the risk of处于风险中，冒着……的危险。in danger of处于危险中，有……的危险。二者意思相近，此处可相互替换，因此选B项。outof control失去控制。inparticular尤其，特别。
8. Anything to do with aeroplanes and flying fascinateshim.
A. affects
B. helps
C. worries
D. interests
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：任何关于飞机和飞行的事情都使他着迷。fascinate使着迷，使神魂颠倒。interest使……感兴趣；引起……的关心。二者意思相近，此处可相互替换，因此选D项。affect影响。help帮助。worry担心；发愁。
9.He needs the money really badly.
A. very urgently
B. very quickly
C. very much
D. very efficiently
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意：他非常需要这笔钱。badly非常，很；严重地，厉害地。very much非常，很，十分。二者意思相近，此处可互相替换，因此选C项。urgently迫切地，紧急地。quickly迅速地，很快地。efficiently有效地，效率高地。
10. I think I managed to grasp the mainpoints of the lecture.
A. cover
B. understand
C. prove
D. discuss
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：我想我已经掌握了讲座的要点。grasp抓住；了解, 领会。understand理解；懂得。二者意思相近，此处可相互替换，因此选B项。cover覆盖；包括。prove证明。discuss讨论。
11. The course gives you basic instructionin car maintenance.
A. idea
B. coaching
C. term
D. aspect
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：该课程在汽车维修方面给了我基本的指导。instruction指导，说明。coaching训练，辅导。二者意思相近，此处可相互替换，因此选B项。idea主意，想法。term学期；术语。aspect方面。
12. I didn’t particularly want to go, butI had to.
A. especially
B. mainly
C. usually
D. rapidly
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：我不是特别想去，但是我必须去。particularly特别地；尤其地。especially特别；尤其。二者意思相近，此处可相互替换，因此选A项。mainly主要地。usually通常，经常。rapidly快速地。
13.Class sizes will increase under the new scheme.
A. direction
B. context
C. environment
D. system
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：在新的体系下，班级的规模将扩大。scheme计划；体系；阴谋。system制度；体系，系统。二者意思相近，此处可互相替换，因此选D项。direction方向。context语境。environment环境。
14. The best option would be to cancelthe trip altogether.
A. hope
B. part
C. estimate
D. decision
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：最好的选择将是完全取消旅行。option选项；选择权。decision决定；决议。二者意思相近，此处可相互替换，因此选D项。hope希望。part部分。estimate估计，预测。
15.He was incredibly rich.
A. extremely
B. relatively
C. seriously
D. fairly
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：他极为有钱。incredibly难以置信地，很，极为。extremely极端地；非常，很。二者意思相近，此处可相互替换，因此选A项。relatively相对地；比较地。seriously严重地；认真地。fairly公平地；适当，相当地。
第2部分：阅读判断（第16—22题,每题l分。共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。
Multivitamins Urged for All Pregnant Women
A recent study, in Tanzania found that when pregnant womentook vitamins every day, fewer babies were born too small. Babies that weighless than two and one-half kilograms at birth have a greater risk of dying.Those that survive are more likely to experience problems with theirdevelopment. And experts say that as adults they have a higher risk of diseasesincluding heart disease. The World Health Organization estimates that everyyear twenty million babies are born with low birth weight. Nine out of ten ofthem are born in developing countries.
The new study took place in Dubai. 4,200 pregnant womenreceived multivitamins. The pills contained all of the vitamins in the B groupalong with vitamins C and E. They also contained several times more iron thanthe levels advised for women in developed nations. Pregnant women especially inpoor countries may find it difficult to get enough vitamins and minerals fromthe foods in their diet.
The scientists compared the findings with results from agroup of 4,000 women who did not receive the vitamins. A report by thescientists, from the United States and Tanzania, appeared in the New EnglandJournal of Medicine. Wafaie Fawzi of the Harvard University School ofPublic Health led the study. None of the women in the study had HIV, the virusthat causes AIDS. The scientists reported earlier that daily multi-vitaminswere a low-cost way to reduce fetal deaths in pregnant women infected with HIV.The earlier work in Tanzania also found improvement in the mothers in theirnumber of blood cells known as lymphocytes（淋巴细胞). Lymphocytesincrease the body’s immunity against infection.
The new study in pregnant women who were not infected withthe AIDS virus found that multivitamins reduced the risk of low birth weight.Just under eight percent of the babies born to women who took themulti-vitamins weighed less than 2,500 grams. The rate was almost nine andone-half percent in the group of women who received a placebo, an inactive pill,instead of the vitamins. But the vitamins did not do much to reduce the ratesof babies being born too early or dying while still a fetus. Still, theresearchers say multivita-mins should be considered for all pregnant women indeveloping countries.
16. The babies bornunderweight take a risk of being in poorer health conditions.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. Pregnant women indeveoped countries needn’t take in any iron,
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. Pregnant women whotake multivitamins have a lower chance of dying from HIV.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. The number oflymphocytes is very low in Africa women.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. Women who takemultivitamins will not have underweight babies.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. Vitamins can beused to reduce the birth rate of underweight babies.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. The placebo worksmore effectively than the vitamins in reducing the risk of low birth weight.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
【答案与解析】
16.A 定位根据题干定位至第一段。
点睛文章第一段提到“Babies thatweigh less than two and one-half kilograms at birth have a greater risk ofdying. Those that survive are more likely to experience problems with theirdevelopment.”，体重过轻的新生儿死亡的风险更大，即使幸存下来，其患很多疾病的几率也会更高。由此可知本题说法是正确的，故选A。
17.B 定位根据关键词iron定位至第二段。
点睛文章第二段提到“They also containedseveral times more iron than the levels advised for women in developed nations.”，超出发达国家给妇女的建议服用量数倍的铁，并不是说发达国家的孕妇不需要补充铁，因此本题说法错误，故选B。
18.B 定位根据题干定位至第三段。
点睛由第三段“The scientistsreported earlier that daily multivitamins were a low-cost way to reduce fetaldeaths in pregnant women infected with HIV.”可知，每日补充多种维生素对于已感染艾滋病的孕妇来说是一种减少胎儿死亡几率的成本较低的方式。并不是孕妇的死亡几率，因此题干说法错误，故选B。
19.C 定位根据关键词lymphocytes定位至第三段。
点睛文章第三段提到“The earlier work inTanzania also found improvement in the mothers in their number of blood cellsknown as lymphocytes. Lymphocytes increase the bodv’s immunity againstinfection.”，坦桑尼亚的早期研究发现，孕妇在服用多种维生素后其血液中的淋巴细胞水平会上升，而淋巴细胞可以增强人体免疫系统抵御传染病的功能。文中并未提及题干内容，故选C。
20.B 定位根据题干定位至最后一段。
点睛最后一段第一句提到“...multivitaminsreduced the risk of low birth weight.”，补充多种维生素可以显著降低新生儿体重过轻的概率，并不是不会有体重过轻的婴儿，题干说法太绝对，故错误，选B。
21.A 定位根据题干定位至最后一段。
点睛最后一段第一句提到“...multivitaminsreduced the risk of low birth weight.”，补充多种维生素可以显著降低新生儿体重过轻的概率，题干说法与此意相符，故正确，选A。
22.B 定位根据关键词placebo定位至最后一段。
点睛最后一段第二、三句提到，服用维生素的孕妇组中，过轻婴儿的比重不足总数的8%，而服用安慰剂的对照组中，过轻婴儿的比重接近9.5%。由此可知维生素比安慰剂能更有效地降低新生儿体重过轻的风险，所以题干说法错误，故选B。
【全文翻译】
孕期妇女宜多补充多维制剂
近日，来自坦桑尼亚的研究显示，孕期妇女若每日补充维生素，则新生儿体重过轻的概率将明显减少。专家指出，体重过轻的新生儿(即少于2.5千克)死亡的风险要更高，且即使幸存下来，其成年后患很多疾病如心脏病的概率也会更高。世界卫生组织估算，每年全世界有2000万名体重过轻的婴儿诞生，其中有90％出生在发展中国家。
此次研究试验在坦桑尼亚首都达累斯萨拉姆举行，共有4200名怀孕妇女服用了多维制剂。她们服用的多维制剂包括所有B族维生素、维生素C和维生素E，同时还包括剂量超出发达国家给妇女的建议服用量数倍的铁。因为在日常饮食中孕期妇女更容易发生维生素和矿物质摄入不足的现象，尤其是在发展中国家。
另外4 000名妇女没有服用维生素，她们被研究人员作为对照组，来自美国和坦桑尼亚的科学家们共同撰写了实验报告，并刊登在《新英格兰医学杂志》上，其中来自哈佛大学公共卫生学院的Wafaie Fawzi为此次研究的组织者。参加实验的所有怀孕妇女均非艾滋病病毒携带者。而在更早的来自坦桑尼亚的研究报告中科学家曾指出，每日补充多维制剂对于已感染艾滋病的孕妇来说是一种减少胎儿死亡概率的成本较低的方式。研究同时检测到，孕妇在服用多维制剂后其血液中的淋巴细胞水平将会上升，而淋巴细胞可以增强人体免疫系统抵御传染病的功能。
此次新的针对非艾滋病病毒携带者的孕妇的研究试验表明，补充多维制剂可以降低新生儿体重过轻的概率。服用维生素的孕妇组中，过轻婴儿的比重不足总数的8％，而服用安慰剂的对照组中，过轻婴儿的比重接近9.5％。但是对于降低孕妇早产率和死胎率方面，维生素的作用并不明显。最后，科学家呼吁，发展中国家应努力为所有孕期妇女及时补充多种维生素。
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23—30题,每题1分,共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Seek Health and Wellness
1 Whether you are busy studying or startingclerkship,it is absolutely essential to maintain health and well-beingthroughout your medical career. Some ways are useful in trying to stay healthyand active. Hopefully you can take them!
2 Staring at a laptop screen for a prolonged（长时间的）period of time not only dries out our eyes but also beginsto take a toll on our efficiency. If you find yourself staring at the sameslide for more than 15 minutes,take a nice walk outside!
3 Different types of nuts are great brain food!Nuts of any kind can easily be absorbed into your daily meals. They go greatwith milk and salads. To add in the nutritious value of nuts, they serve as asource of protein（蛋白质）while helping to raise HDL, the “goodcholesterol”（胆固醇) in our bodies.
4 If you’re a coffee lover, try switching it upfrom time to time. Carbonated water is a good substitute every now and then. Thereare no calories,compared to regular sodas（碳酸饮料),and thecarbonation adds a little fizz（嘶嘶声）that can help keep you awake and refreshed.
5 It’ s easy to feel nervous about medicalpractice, but if you keep your mind focused on the big picture and acknowledgewhat you’ve done instead of what you haven’t,your mindset will take a turn forthe greater good. Being confident and staying positive changes your mood andoutlook, making the workload more manageable.
6 We may have something called “puppytherapy”. It’s important to have something that is “yourthing”, something that you enjoy doing that helps you connectwith the outside world. That can be anything that can relax your mind andre-energize your body without taking a huge mass out of your busy day.
23.Paragraph 2_____
24.Paragraph 3_____
25.Paragraph 4_____
26.Paragraph 5_____
A. Reduce the workloadschedule
B. Stare at the laptopscreen
C. Eat some nuts
D. Substitute coffeefor a healthier drink
E. Take a walk
F. Think positive
【答案与解析】
23.E 本文主要是提供一些有助于健康的建议。本段主要介绍长时间盯着电脑屏幕会导致视觉疲劳，工作效率降低；如果盯着同一张幻灯片看超过了15分钟，就该去外面走走了。E项是针对本段内容所给出的建议。因此，正确答案为E。
24.C 坚果有很高的营养价值，是蛋白质的来源之一，能帮助提高我们身体里的“好的胆固醇”的含量。C项是针对本段内容所给出的建议。因此，正确答案为C。
25.D 本段主要介绍苏打水可以替代咖啡，和普通的碳酸饮料相比，它不含脂肪，发出的嘶嘶声也能让人保持清醒。D项是针对本段内容所给出的建议。因此，正确答案为D。
26.F 本段主要介绍从医时很容易感到紧张，但是如果能专注于大局，认识到你所做的事情，而不是还没做的事情，你的心态就会向好的方向转变。积极自信的状态会改变你的情绪和观念，工作起来更得心应手。F项是针对本段内容所给出的建议。因此，正确答案为F。
27. Health and wellnessare needed in＿＿＿.
28. Puppy therapyrefers to something that activates your＿＿＿.
29. To reduce anxietyof becoming a doctor, you need to set your mind on＿＿＿.
30. It’s advisable toreplace coffee with＿＿＿.
A. carbonated water
B. nutritious nuts
C. a medical career
D. the greater good
E. body and mind
F. an attentive mind
【答案与解析】
27.C 定位根据题干定位至第一段。
点睛该段第一句话后半句提到，对于从事医疗职业而言，保持健康是十分有必要的。C选项与原文说法一致，因此，正确答案为C。
28.E 定位根据关键词“puppy therapy”可定位至原文最后一段。
点睛根据最后一段的最后一句话可知，puppy therapy指的就是能够让你大脑放松，恢复活力，又不会占用大量时间的事情。E选项与原文说法一致，因此，正确答案为E。
29.D 定位根据题干可定位至第五段。
点睛根据第五段第一句话可知，从医很容易感到紧张，但是专注于大局认识到你所做的事情，而不是还没做的事情，心态就会向好的方向转变。D选项与原文说法一致，因此，正确答案为D。
30.A 定位根据题干可定位至第四段。
点睛根据第四段可知，苏打水可以替代咖啡，是一种很好的替代品。A选项与原文说法一致，因此，正确答案为A。
【全文翻译】
寻求健康
无论你是正忙于学习还是开始了实习生涯，对于从事医疗职业来说，保持健康是十分必要的。有一些方法可以有效地帮助你保持身心健康，希望你可以采用这些方法！
长时间盯着电脑屏幕会导致视觉疲劳，工作效率降低；如果盯着同一张幻灯片看超过了15分钟，就该去外面走走了！
各种不同的坚果就是补脑的良方。各种坚果都很容易与你的一日三餐一起被身体吸收。它们与牛奶和沙拉也很搭配。坚果的营养价值很高，是蛋白质的来源之一，能帮助提高我们身体里的“好的胆固醇”的含量。
如果你爱喝咖啡，试着时不时地换换别的吧。苏打水可以替代咖啡，和普通的碳酸饮料相比，它不含脂肪，发出的嘶嘶声也能让人保持清醒。
从医时很容易感到紧张，但是如果能专注于大局，认识到你所做的事情，而不是还没做的事情，你的心态就会向好的方向转变。积极自信的状态会改变你的情绪和观念，工作起来更得心应手。
我们有某种称为“减压治疗”的东西。某件事是“你自己的事”这很重要，你喜欢做的这件事可以帮助你建立与外部世界的联系。它可以是任何事，只要能帮助你放松身心，又不会占用你忙碌生活中的大量时间。
第4部分：阅读理解（第31~45题,每题3分,共45分）
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇 Coveringthe Cost All by Himself
University life is in no way cheap in Canada. It costsPeter Kemp, a computer science major at the British Columbia Institute ofTechnology in Vancouver, C $18,000 a year. Amazingly, the 21-year-old iscovering the cost by himself.
For the past three years, Kemp has done a range ofpart-time jobs to pay for his tuition and living expenses.
Last semester alone, he worked five jobs for 32-40 hours aweek. Life is busy, but Kemp enjoys it.
“Doing part-time jobs gives me economic independence,” saidKemp, who will begin his senior year this fall. “Having economicindependence gives me the ability to take control of my life and make my owndecisions,” said Kemp. “It has also helped me understand the value of money.”
Among Kemp’s five jobs last semester, two were on campus.For one, he helped maintain the university’s computer labs. For the other, heworked at the IT service desk to help students and teachers solve theircomputer problems. He also worked for a small company that develops GPS systems.This job paid him well at C $27 an hour.
“These jobs made me put what I’ve learned in university topractical use,” Kemp said. “I accomplished creative and imaginative tasks byapplying my abilities to the work.”
Good time management skills help Kemp balance work andstudy. He’s a top student in his class. And he will be the student associationchairman for his department beginning next semester. It’s a position that hehas desired for a long time. “It will give me the opportunity to be the voicefor my fellow students and make a difference,” says Kemp.
“I believe one of the key secrets to juggling（应对）everything is to avoid putting offtasks. This can leave you stressed and reduce the quality of your work andhealth,” he said.
“I often make a list of the things I need to do each dayand rank them by their importance. The list helps me decide what task I shoulddo first and when I should complete it. Remember to ask for help when you thinkyou can’t finish something on time, or can’t finish it by yourself.”
31.Who is Peter Kemp?
A. An American student.
B. A French student.
C. A British student.
D. A computer student.
32. How did he manageto pay his tuition and living expenses?
A. He won a few scholarships.
B. He borrowed money from his parents.
C. He did a variety of part-time jobs.
D. He obtained cheap loans from the bank.
33. Which of the following is NOT directlymentioned in the passage as an advantage of having economic independence?
A. It helps one know the value of money.
B. It gives one the ability to control his or her life.
C. It makes one understand that life is not easy.
D. It enables one to make his or her own decisions.
34. Kemp is able tobalance work and study due to his＿＿＿＿＿.
A. good management of time
B. strong will power
C. exceptional intelligence
D. desire to become a leader
35. The phrase “puttingoff” in Paragraph 7 means＿＿＿＿＿.
A. performing
B. fulfilling
C. postponing
D. finishing
【答案与解析】
31.D 点睛文章第一段就提到Peter Kemp是“a computer science major”，由此可知D项正确。
避错文章只提到他在加拿大温哥华上学，并没有说明Kemp的国籍，因此A、B、C排除。
32.C 点睛文章第二段提到他自己支付开销，接着第三段就提到他做了大量的兼职工作。由此可知，他是靠做兼职支付自己的花销的。
33.C 定位根据关键词economic independence定位到第四段。
点睛文章第四段Kemp提到了经济独立，根据第四段第二句和第三句可知，经济独立 “gives me the ability to take control of my life and make my owndecisions”，并且“helpedme understand the value of money”，只有C项没有提及，因此选C项。
34.A 定位根据关键词balance work and study定位到第六段第一句。
点睛第六段第一句明确提到，良好的时间管理技能帮助Kemp来平衡学习和工作，因此本题选A项。
35.C 点睛第七段第一句提到了应付所有事情的秘诀。putting off前面的词为avoid（避免），由此可知，应该是避免拖延任务。同时分析四个选项，A、B、D三个选项意思相近，只有C项意思不同，因此本题选C项。
【全文翻译】
靠自己支付所有费用
在加拿大上大学绝不会便宜。在温哥华英属哥伦比亚理工学院主修计算机科学，Peter Kemp每年就得花费1.8万加币。
令人惊讶的是，他是靠自己支付费用。
在过去的三年中，Kemp做了一系列的兼职工作来支付他的学费和生活费。仅上学期，他每周工作32—40个小时，做5份工作。生活是忙碌的，但他很享受。
“做兼职工作让我经济独立，”Kemp说。这个秋天他将开始高年级课程。“经济上的独立让我有能力控制我的生活，并且能够自己做决定，”Kemp说道，“这也帮助我了解了金钱的价值。在Kemp上学期所做的5份工作中，两份工作是在校园里。一个是帮助维护大学的计算机实验室。另一个是在IT服务台工作，帮助学生和老师解决他们的电脑问题。他还为一家小型公司开发全球定位系统。这项工作不错，付给他27加币一小时。
“这些工作让我把我在大学所学到的运用到实际中去，”Kemp说，“我把我的能力运用到工作中，并且完成了创造性和富有想象力的任务。”
良好的时间管理技能帮助Kemp来平衡学习和工作。他是班上最优秀的学生。他将于下学期开始，担任系里面的学生会主席。这是他长期渴望的一个职位。“这将给我机会为同学们发言，并有所作为，”坎普说。
他说，“我相信应付一切的关键秘密之一是避免拖延任务。拖延会让你感到压力，降低工作质量，损害健康。”
“我经常把我每天需要做的事情列一个清单，然后把它们按重要性排序。这个列表可以帮助我决定首先要做的任务以及我应该什么时候完成它。当你认为你不能按时完成某事或者不能一个人完成某事时，记得寻求帮助。”
第二篇 TooMany Americans Have Out-of-control High Blood Pressure
Nearly 1 in 3 Americans suffers from high blood pressure（hypertension）and many of them don’t have it under control, says a recentstudy from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention（CDCP).According to the report, most people with uncontrolled high blood pressure havehealth insurance and had actually seen a doctor at least twice in the previousyear, yet their condition remained unmanaged.
Having high blood pressure is a major risk factor for heartdisease and stroke; hypertensive people are 4 times more likely to die from astroke and 3 times more likely to die from heart disease than people withnormal pressure, according to CDCP director Dr Thomas Frieden. Together, thosetwo conditions cause nearly1,000 deaths a day in the US and account for $131billion in yearly health-care costs.
For the report, researchers looked at 2003-2010 data toexamine high blood pressure awareness and treatment among adults withuncontrolled conditions. More than 20,000 adult participants answered surveyquestions and received a physical exam.
The data suggest that some 67 million Americans have highblood pressure, and nearly 36 million of them don’t have their condition undercontrol. Among those, about 14 million don’t know they’re hypertensive, nearly6 million are aware but not receiving treatment, and 16 million know they havehigh blood pressure and are receiving medication for it but still don’t havetheir pressure under control.
“We have to roll up our sleeves and make high bloodpressure control a priority every day, with every patient at every doctor’svisit,” said Frieden.
36.High blood pressure will cause＿＿＿＿＿.
A. heart disease and stroke
B. stroke and shock
C. stroke and aging
D. heart disease and facture
37. Compared with people with normal pressure, hypertensivepeople are＿＿＿＿＿.
A. 3 times more likely to die from cancer
B.4 times more likely to die from a stroke
C.4 times more likely to die at their youth
D.3 times more likely to die at their adulthood
38.Heart disease and stroke in America＿＿＿＿＿.
A. cause 131 deaths a year
B. cost $1,000 million a day
C. cost $131 million a year
D. cause 1000 deaths a day
39. According to the data, the number ofAmericans with uncontrolled hypertension is＿＿＿.
A. about 67 million
B. about 36 million
C. about 14 million
D. about 6 million
40. Dr Thomas Frieden might agree that hypertension controlin America is＿＿＿＿＿.
A. insignificant
B. irrelevant
C. uncertain
D. urgent
【答案与解析】
36.A 点睛根据文章第二段第一句“Having high blood pressure is a major risk forheart disease and stroke.”可知，高血压会导致心脏病和中风，所以本题选A。
37.B 定位根据peoplewith normal pressure定位至第二段。
点睛由第二段中“hypertensivepeople are 4 times more likely to die from a stroke and 3 times more likely todie from heart disease than people with normal pressure”可知，高血压患者死于中风的可能性是正常人的4倍，死于心脏病的可能性是正常人的3倍，所以选项B正确。
38.D 点睛文章第二段最后一句提到“those two conditions cause nearly1,000 deaths aday in the US and account for $131 billion in yearly health-care costs.”，在美国，心脏病和中风每天造成近1000人死亡，每年花费1310亿美元的医疗保健费用。由此可知，选项D正确。
39.B 点睛根据第四段第一句“The data suggest that some 67 million Americanshave high blood pressure, and nearly 36 million of them don’t have their conditionunder control.”可知，数据显示，6700万美国人患有高血压，其中近3600万人的高血压未得到控制。所以答案为B。
40.D 点睛最后一段提到托马斯·弗里登博士说“We have to ...make high blood pressure control a priorityevery day, with every patient at every doctor’s visit”，我们要把控制高血压作为每天的首要任务，每个病人去看每位医生时都要注意这一点。由此可判断，他认为控制高血压是紧急的，所以答案为D。
【全文翻译】
太多美国人高血压不受控制
美国疾病控制和预防中心（CDCP）最近的一份研究表明，约三分之一的美国人患有高血压，并且其中很多人的高血压没有得到控制。根据报告，大多数高血压不受控制的人都有健康保险而且实际上在前一年至少看过两次医生，但他们的情况仍然不受控制。
高血压是心脏病和中风的主要危险因素。根据CDCP主任托马斯·弗里登博士，高血压患者死于中风的可能性是正常人的4倍，死于心脏病的可能性是正常人的3倍。在美国，心脏病和中风每天造成近1000人死亡，每年花费1310亿美元的医疗保健费用。
在报告中，研究人员看了2003-2010年的数据，调查高血压不受控制的成年人中的高血压意识与治疗。超过20000名成人参与者回答了调查问题，并接受了身体检查。
数据显示，6700万美国人患有高血压，其中近3600万人的高血压未得到控制。这3600万人中，约1400万人不知道自己有高血压，近600万人知道但没有接受治疗，1600万人知道且在接受药物治疗但血压仍不受控制。
“我们必须开始严格控制高血压，并把其作为每天的首要任务，每个病人去看每位医生时都要注意这一点，”托马斯·弗里登博士说。
第三篇 WalkingBarefoot Can Help Prevent Some Injuries
Walking barefoot helps to improve balance, posture andprevent common foot injuries, according to an American researcher. PatrickMcKeon, a professor at Ithaca College’s School of Health Sciences in New York, saysthe more people go barefoot at home, in the office or outside, the healthiertheir feet will be.
He believes the small, often overlooked muscles in the footplay a vital but underestimated role in movement and stability, similar to thecore muscles in the abdomen.
The researcher explained their importance by describing thecycle of feedback between the large “extrinsic”（外在的）muscles in thelegs and feet, the smaller “intrinsic”（内部的）muscles in thefeet, and the neural connections that send information from them to the brain.When this cycle is broken, it can lead to overuse injuries that most athletesare familiar with.
Shoes can also have a negative effect on this cycle, McKeonexplained. “When you put a big sole under-neath, you put a big dampening effect（阻尼效应）on that information. There’s a missing link that connectsthe body with its environment.”
Without the information provided by the small muscles inthe foot, the larger muscles over-compensate and over-exert beyond the point oftheir natural ability to maintain and repair themselves. And when these musclesare no longer able to absorb the forces of activity, the forces are transferredto the tendons（肌腱), bones and ligaments（韧带), resulting in an increased risk of injury. McKeon says the only way ofreintroducing this link and reactivating the cycle is to take off our shoes andstrengthen the muscles in our feet by walking barefoot.
41. The more people gobarefoot,＿＿＿＿＿.
A. the better they are at blood balance
B. the bigger size of socks they will wear
C. the longer their legs will be
D. the more likely they are away from foot injuries
42. The small musclesin the foot are often＿＿＿＿＿.
A. compared with the core muscles in the abdomen
B. compared with the core muscles for stability
C. estimated about their function in movement
D. overlooked about their function in movement
43. Most athletessuffer from＿＿＿＿＿.
A. muscle injuries in the arms
B. overuse injuries in the feet
C. nerve injuries in the heads
D. bone injuries in the shoulders
44. According to McKeon,the big sole of the shoes is＿＿＿＿＿.
A. harmful to the feet
B. good to the toes
C. helpful to the feet
D. favorable to the toes
45. The small musclesin the feet are important for the larger muscles to＿＿＿＿＿.
A. absorb forces
B. strengthen the bones
C. prevent the over-exertion of the latter
D. activate the neural cycle
【答案与解析】
41.D 定位根据题干定位至第一段。
点睛文章第一段提到赤脚走路有助于提高平衡能力、改善走路姿势、防止普通的足部损伤。赤脚走路越多，脚越健康。由此可知，选项D正确。
42.D 点睛文章第二段提到“the small, often overlooked muscles in the footplay a vital but underestimated role in movement and stability, similar to thecore muscles in the abdomen.”足部的小型肌群常被忽视，但它们在运动和稳定性方面发挥着至关重要的作用，然而它们的作用常被低估，类似于腹部的核心肌群。由此可知，D项正确。
避错文中提到similar to thecore muscles in the abdomen，类似于腹部的核心肌群，只是类比，并不是与腹部核心肌群作对比，所以A、B错误。足部小型肌群的作用常被低估，C项说法有误，故排除。
43.B 定位根据关键词most athletes定位至第三段最后一句。
点睛文章第三段最后一句提到Whenthis cycle is broken, it can lead to overuse injuries that most athletes arefamiliar with. 当足部信息反馈循环被破坏时，就会导致多数运动员熟悉的过度使用性损伤。由此可知，多数运动员都忍受着足部的过度使用性损伤。所以本题答案为B。
44.A 定位根据关键词big sole定位至第四段。
点睛由第四段中“Shoes canalso have a negative effect on this cycle...When you put a big sole underneath,you put a big dampening effect on that information.”可知，鞋底对足部的信息反馈循环有很大的负面影响，选项A符合此意，故选A。
45.C 定位根据关键词the larger muscles定位至最后一段。
点睛文章最后一段提到“Withoutthe information provided by the small muscles in the foot, the larger musclesover-compensate and over-exert beyond the point of their natural ability tomaintain and repair themselves.”，如果没有足部小型肌群提供的信息，较大肌群就可能会过度拉伸和过度使用而超出他们维持和修复自己的自然能力。由此可知，小型肌群提供的信息可以防止较大肌群过度使用，所以选C。
【全文翻译】
赤脚走路可以帮助防止一些损伤
据美国一位研究人员说，赤脚走路有助于提高平衡能力、改善走路姿势、防止普通的足部损伤。纽约伊萨卡学院健康科学学院教授Patrick McKeon认为，人们在家、办公室或外面赤脚走路越多，他们的脚越健康。
他认为，足部小型的、常被忽视的肌群在运动和稳定性方面发挥着至关重要却被低估了的作用，类似于腹部的核心肌群。
研究人员通过描述腿部和足部大型外在肌群、足部小型内在肌群以及从他们发送信息到大脑的神经连接之间的信息反馈循环解释了足部小型肌群的重要性。当这个循环被破坏时，就会导致多数运动员熟悉的过度使用性损伤。
鞋也会对这个循环有负面影响，McKeon解释道。“当你脚下有一个大鞋底时，你给这个信息反馈循环带来了一个很大的阻尼效应。缺少了连接身体与环境的一环。
没有足部小型肌群提供的信息，较大肌群就会过度拉伸和过度使用而超出他们维持和修复自己的自然能力。当这些肌群不再能承受活动的力，力就被转移到肌腱、骨骼和韧带，导致受伤的风险增加。McKeon说重新引入这个环节和恢复这个循环的唯一方法就是脱掉鞋子，通过赤脚走路增强足部肌肉。
第5部分：补全短文（第46—50题,每题2分,共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白,短文后有6个句子,其中5个取自短文,请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置,以恢复文章原貌。
US Signs Global Tobacco Treaty
The United States has taken the first step toward approvinga global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects oftobacco use throughout the world. Health and Human Services Secretary TommyThompson signed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control（FCTC）thisweek at the United Nations. ＿＿＿（46)
The FCTC was developed by the World Health Organization andapproved by members of the World Health Assembly, including the United States, lastyear. ＿＿＿（47)
For instance, cigarettes sold in those countries would haveto have health warnings on at least 30% of the front and back of every pack. ＿＿＿（48）It also requires bans on tobacco advertising,though there are some exceptions for countries like the United States, wherethe Constitution prohibits such an outright ban.
＿＿＿（49）TheWorld Health Organization estimates that tobacco use kills nearly 5 millionpeople worldwide every year. In the US alone, about 440,000 people die eachyear from tobacco-related illnesses; about one-third of all cancers in the USare caused by tobacco use. If current trends continue, WHO estimates, by 2025tobacco will kill I0 million people each year.
The treaty must be ratified by at least 40 countries beforeit can take effect. ＿＿＿（50)
A. The impact of thetreaty could be huge.
B. Countries thatratify（批准）it would be required to enact strict tobaccocontrol policies.
C. The Senate muststill approve the treaty before the US can implement its provisions.
D. Tobacco stocks alsoperked up as investors discounted fears of litigation（诉讼）from the US.
E. The treaty calls for higher tobacco taxes,restrictions on smoking in public places, and more promotion of tobaccoprevention and cessation programs.
F. So far, 109countries have signed it, and 12 have ratified it.
【答案与解析】
46.C 本段主要介绍了美国批准烟草控制框架性协议的进度和情况。空格前面讲到美国卫生和人类服务部部长Tommy Thompson签署了烟草控制框架性协议(FCTC)。C项“在美国能够实施其条款之前还必须要参议院批准这个协议。”接着介绍美国批准该协议需要进行的步骤，符合语境，因此本题选C项。
47.B 空格前面提到批准烟草控制框架性协议的国家为“World Health Assembly”的成员。空格后面第三段以“For instance”开头，由此可知第三段的例子是针对空格处的内容。第三段主要列举了烟草控制框架性协议下需要遵守的一些要求。B项“批准该协议的国家将被要求制定严格的烟草控制政策。”与上下文逻辑关系连接紧密，语句通顺流畅。因此本题选B项。
48.E 本段主要介绍了烟草控制框架性协议下需要遵守的一些要求。E项“这个协议呼吁对烟草收取更多的税、限制在公共场所吸烟和进一步推动禁止烟草的计划。”符合本段主题，并且与上下文连接紧密，因此本题选E项。
49.A 空格处位于本段句首，为本段的主题句。空格后面使用一系列数据说明了吸烟对健康的危害，引发癌症和死亡。由此可知，本段主要介绍了吸烟的巨大影响，A项“这个协议的影响可能是巨大的。”符合语境，因此选A项。
50.F 空格前面提到了该协议生效需要至少40个国家的批准。F项“到目前为止，109个国家已经签订了这个协议，其中12个国家已经批准了它。”介绍的是现在批准该协议的国家数量，是对现实情况的说明，符合语境，因此选F项。
【全文翻译】
美国签订了全球烟草协议
美国朝着批准一项全球性烟草协议迈出了第一步。该协议有望在世界范围内控制使用烟草所产生的致命性影响。卫生和人类服务部部长Tommy Thompson本周在联合国签署了烟草控制框架性协议(FCTC)。在美国能够实施其条款之前还必须要参议院批准这个协议。
FCTC是由世界卫生组织制定的，并且是由世界卫生大会的成员们去年批准的，其中包括美国。批准该协议的国家将被要求制定严格的烟草控制政策。
例如，在那些国家出售的香烟将必须在每包烟正反面至少30％的地方注明吸烟有害健康的警告。这个协议呼吁对烟草收取更多的税、限制在公共场所吸烟和进一步推动禁止烟草的计划。它还要求禁止烟草广告，但是对像美国这样的国家有例外，这些国家的宪法禁止这么公开的禁令。
这个协议的影响可能是巨大的。世界卫生组织估计世界上每年将近500万人因为吸烟而死亡。仅在美国，每年大约有44万人死于与烟草相关的疾病；美国所有的癌症中约有1／3是因为吸烟导致的。如果目前的趋势持续下去，世界卫生组织估计，到2025年烟草将每年夺去1000万人的生命。
这个协议必须被至少40个国家批准才能生效。到目前为止，109个国家已经签订了这个协议，其中12个国家已经批准了它。
第6部分：完形填空（第51~65题。每题1分,共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白,请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Eat Healthy
“Clean your plate!” and “Be a member of the clean-plateclub!” Just about every kid in the UK has heard this from a parent orgrandparent. Often, it’s ______（51）by an appeal:“Just think about those starvingorphans in Africa!” Sure, we should be ______（52）forevery bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the UK take too many bites.Instead of staying “clean the plate”, perhaps we should ______（53）somefood for tomorrow.
According ______（54）thenews reports, UK restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies（肚子). A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two tofour times the ______（55）recommended by the government, according to a UKToday story. The British traditionally ______（56）quantitywith value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to havecustomers complain ______（57）too much food rather than too little.
Barbara Roils, a nutrition professor at London University,told the Times that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s,the same time that the British waistline began to ______（58).
Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to ______（59）smallerportions. Now, apparently, some customers are calling ______（60）thistoo. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that57 percent of more than 4,000 people ______（61）believerestaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20percent disagreed. But a closer ______（62）atthe survey indicates that many Americans who can’t afford fine dining stillprefer large portions. Seventy percent of ______（63）earningat least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent ofthose earning less than $25,000 want smaller.
It’ s not______（64）workingclass Americans don’t want to eat healthy. It’s just that, after long hours atlow-paying jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good ______（65).They live from paycheck to paycheck, happy to save a little money for next year’sChristmas presents.
51. A. created B.accompanied C.made D.moved
52. A. shameful B.grateful C.interested D. happy
53. A. save B.stop C.take D.invent
54. A. to B.by C.at D.on
55. A. price B.color C.amount D.taste
56. A. associate B.carry C.spread D.withdraw
57. A. until B.under C.below D.about
58. A. improve B.produce C.connect D.expand
59. A. test B.agree C.refer D.serve
60. A. for B.off C.with D.through
61. A. surveyed B.checked C.founded D. relieved
62. A. mind B.try C.look D.act
63. A. everyone B.those C.theirs D.whom
64. A. yet B.then C.that D.so
65. A. case B.news C.term D.deal
【答案与解析】
51.B 固定搭配题。句意：通常，这些话会伴随着这样的呼吁出现：“想想那些挨饿的非洲孤儿！”be accompanied by固定搭配，表示“伴随着”，所以本题选B。
52.B 词义辨析题。前文提到“想想那些挨饿的非洲孤儿”，所以此处要表达的是“我们应该对每一口食物充满感激”。grateful感激的，符合文意，故选B。shameful可耻的；丢脸的。interested感兴趣的。happy高兴的。
53.A 词义辨析题。句意：也许我们应该为明天节约一些食物，而不是坚持“把盘子里的东西吃干净”。save节省，符合文意，故选A。stop停止。take拿，取。invent发明。
54.A 固定搭配题。according to为固定搭配，表示“根据……”，所以本题选A。
55.C 词义辨析题。句意：服务员给客人端上来的盘子中食物的量是政府建议的二到四倍。amount量，数量，符合文意，故选C。price价格。color颜色。taste滋味。
56.A 词义辨析题。句意：英国人传统地将数量和价值联系在一起，多数餐馆会尽量满足人们对数量的要求。associate联系，符合文意，故选A。carry携带。spread传播，散开。withdraw撤退。
57.D 固定搭配题。complain about sth为固定搭配，表示“抱怨某事”，所以本题选D。
58.D 词义辨析题。句意：餐馆中的食物份量从20世纪70年代就开始增长，也就是从这个时候起，英国人的腰围也开始增大。expand扩展，扩大，符合文意，故选D。improve提高，改善。produce生产。connect连接。
59.D 词义辨析题。句意：健康专家试图让餐馆提供分量小一些的食物。serve提供，服务，符合文意，故选D。test测验。agree同意。refer提到，参考。
60.A 固定搭配题。句意：有些顾客也开始为此呼吁。call for固定词组，表示“呼吁；要求”，所以本题选A。
61.A 词义辨析题。句意：4000多名受访者中57%的人认为餐馆提供的食物份量太大。surveyed作people的后置定语，意为“受调查的”，所以本题选A。check检查。found创办。relieve缓解。
62.C 固定搭配题。句意：仔细研究这项调查就会发现，许多买不起精美菜肴的美国人倾向于大分量的食物。a closer look at为固定搭配，表示“进一步查看，仔细研究”，所以本题选C。
63.B 语法题。结合后面的45 percent ofthose earning less than...可知，此处用those。those既能作of的宾语，又能作earn的主语，earning at least$150,000 per year为those的后置定语。选项中只有those有此用法，所以本题选B。
64.C 固定搭配题。句意：并不是美国工薪阶层不想要吃得更健康。not that为固定搭配，表示“并不是说”，所以本题答案为C。
65.D 词义辨析题。句意：只是在进行了漫长的低收入工作之后，盘中的饭菜量小似乎太不划算了。good deal表示“划算；好交易”，所以本题选D。case案例；情况。news新闻。term术语。
【全文翻译】
健康饮食
“把盘子里的东西吃完！”，“要成为光盘族！”几乎每个英国小孩都会从父母或祖父母那里听到这些话。这些话经常会伴随着这样的呼吁出现：“想想那些挨饿的非洲孤儿！”当然，我们应该对每一口食物充满感激。但不幸的是，许多英国人吃得太多。也许我们应该为明天节约一些食物，而不是坚持“把盘子里的东西吃干净”。
新闻报道称，英国餐馆是造成人们大肚腩的部分原因。《今日英国》刊登了一个故事，服务员给客人端上来的盘子中食物的量是政府建议的二到四倍。英国人传统地将数量和价值联系在一起，所以许多餐馆都试着满足人们对数量的要求。比起抱怨食物太少，他们宁愿客人抱怨食物太多。
宾夕法尼亚州立大学的营养学家Barbara Rolls告诉《泰晤士报》，餐馆中的食物份量从20世纪70年代就开始增长，也就是从这个时候起，英国人的腰围也开始变粗。
健康专家试过让餐馆提供分量小一些的食物。很明显，现在有些顾客也开始为此呼吁。据餐饮业杂志《QSR》报道，上个月4000多名受访者中57%的人认为餐馆提供的食物份量太大，23%的人没有表态，20%的人不同意。但如果仔细研究这项调查就会发现，买不起精美菜肴的美国人倾向于大分量的食物。年收入在15万美元以上的人中，70%的人同意餐馆减少食物供应的份量，而年收入小于2.5万美元的人中只有45%希望减少食物的供应量。
美国工薪阶层并不是不想要吃得更健康。只是在进行了漫长的低收入工作之后，盘中的饭菜量小就太不合算了。他们靠薪金支票过活，总想着为明年的圣诞礼物存点钱。
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