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目录 封面
内容简介
目录
第一部分 中古时期
第1章 盎格鲁-撒克逊时期
1.1 复习笔记
1.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第2章 盎格鲁-诺曼底时期
2.1 复习笔记
2.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第3章 杰弗里?乔叟
3.1 复习笔记
3.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第4章 大众民谣
4.1 复习笔记
4.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第二部分 文艺复兴时期
第5章 威廉?莎士比亚
5.1 复习笔记
5.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第6章 弗朗西斯?培根
6.1 复习笔记
6.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第三部分 十七世纪资产阶级革命和王朝复辟时期
第7章 约翰?多恩
7.1 复习笔记
7.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第8章 约翰?弥尔顿
8.1 复习笔记
8.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第9章 约翰?班扬
9.1 复习笔记
9.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第四部分 英国启蒙运动阶段
第10章 丹尼尔?笛福
10.1 复习笔记
10.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第11章 乔纳森?斯威夫特
11.1 复习笔记
11.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第12章 约瑟夫?艾迪生
12.1 复习笔记
12.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第13章 亨利?菲尔丁
13.1 复习笔记
13.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第14章 托马斯?格雷
14.1 复习笔记
14.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第15章 哥尔德史密斯
15.1 复习笔记
15.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第16章 理查德?布林斯利?谢里丹
16.1 复习笔记
16.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第17章 威廉?布莱克
17.1 复习笔记
17.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第18章 罗伯特?彭斯
18.1 复习笔记
18.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第五部分 浪漫主义时期
第19章 威廉?华兹华斯
19.1 复习笔记
19.2考研真题与典型题详解
第20章 乔治?戈登?拜伦
20.1 复习笔记
20.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第21章 珀西?比希?雪莱
20.1 复习笔记
21.2考研真题与典型题详解
第22章 约翰?济慈
22.1 复习笔记
22.2考研真题与典型题详解
第23章 沃尔特?司各特
23.1 复习笔记
23.2考研真题与典型题详解
第24章 简?奥斯汀
24.1 复习笔记
24.2考研真题与典型题详解
第25章 查尔斯?兰姆
25.1 复习笔记
25.2考研真题与典型题详解
第六部分 维多利亚时期
第26章 查尔斯?狄更斯
26.1 复习笔记
26.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第27章 威廉?梅克比斯?萨克雷
27.1 复习笔记
27.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第28章 乔治?艾略特
28.1 复习笔记
28.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第29章 夏洛蒂?勃朗特和艾米莉?勃朗特
29.1 复习笔记
29.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第30章 托马斯?胡德
30.1 复习笔记
30.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第31章 阿尔弗雷德?丁尼生
31.1 复习笔记
31.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第32章 罗伯特?勃朗宁
32.1 复习笔记
32.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第33章 伊丽莎白?巴雷特?勃朗宁
33.1 复习笔记
33.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第七部分 二十世纪文学
第34章 托马斯?哈代
34.1 复习笔记
34.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第35章 约翰?高尔斯华绥
35.1 复习笔记
35.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第36章 奥斯卡?王尔德
36.1 复习笔记
36.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第37章 乔治?萧伯纳
37.1 复习笔记
37.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第38章 戴维?赫伯特?劳伦斯
38.1 复习笔记
38.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第39章 弗吉尼亚?伍尔芙
39.1 复习笔记
39.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第40章 詹姆斯?乔伊斯
40.1 复习笔记
40.2 考研真题与典型题详解
内容简介
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我国各大院校一般都把国内外通用的权威教科书作为本科生和研究生学习专业课程的参考教材，这些教材甚至被很多考试（特别是硕士和博士入学考试）和培训项目作为指定参考书。为了帮助读者更好地学习专业课，我们有针对性地编著了一套与国内外教材配套的复习资料，并提供配套的名师讲堂、3D电子书和题库。
《英国文学史及选读》（吴伟仁主编，外语教学与研究出版社）一直被用作高等院校英语专业英国文学教材，被许多院校指定为英语专业考研必读书和学术研究参考书。为了帮助读者更好地学习这套教材，我们精心编著了它的配套辅导用书。
作为该教材的学习辅导书，全书完全遵循该教材的章目编排，共分为七部分，总共40章，每章由两部分组成：第一部分为复习笔记（中英文对照），总结本章的重点难点；第二部分是考研真题与典型题详解，精选名校近年考研真题及相关习题，并提供了详细的参考答案。
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第一部分 中古时期
第1章 盎格鲁-撒克逊时期
1.1 复习笔记
| I. Background Knowledge—The Making of England(449—1066) 1. The English Conquest A. Brief Introduction After the Romans retreated, Britain was invaded by three Teutonic tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. Before the conquest, they still lived in the tribal society. By the 7th century, an unitied kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles was established. B. Influence (1)The three tribes had developed into a whole people called English. And the three dialects had grown into a single language called Anglo-Saxon, or Old English. (2)The Britons experienced a transition from tribal society to feudalism because of the English Conquest. (3)The Anglo-Saxons were heathen people, believing in old mythology of Northern Europe. Later, the Anglo-Saxons were Christianized in the 7th century. Ⅱ. Literary Features of Early English Literature (1) The settlement of Anglo-Saxons in England marked the beginning of English literature. The literature of this period consists of two divisions—pagan and Christian. (2) The former is the oral sagas brought by the Anglo-Saxons, which was sung by the minstrels to the chiefs and warriors in praising of the old heroes’ deeds in the feasting hall. The Old English regularly used alliterations and rhymes, at the same time, metaphors and understatements were also put into the poetry. Beowulf is the most widely spread early poem. (3) The latter is the wrtiting developed under the teaching of the literary monks. The coming of Christainity brought the wealth of a new language—the Latin, which exerted a great effect on early English prose and poetry. Ⅲ. Literary Terms 1. Anglo-Saxon Poetry Poems or, songs by the Anglo-Saxon minstrels who sang of the heroic deeds of old time to the chiefs and warriors in the feasting hall. The typical work of Anglo-Saxon is Beowulf. 2.Alliteration It means the repetition of the initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words or stressed syllables. 3. Epic (or Heroic Poetry) It is an oral narrative poem, majestic both in theme and style. Epics deal with legendary or historical events of national or universal significance, involving actions of broad sweep and grandeur. Epic poems not merely include stories of legendary or historical heroes; they summarize and express the nature or ideals of an entire nation at a significant or crucial period of its history. Ⅳ. Major Work ◆Beowulf English literature began with the Anglo-Saxon settlement. Beowulf is an Anglo-Saxon poem and the national epic of the English people. The whole epic consists of 3182 lines and is divided into two parts with an interpolation between the two. The whole song is essentially pagan in spirit and matter, while the interpolation is obviously made by a Christain copier. A. The Story of Beowulf Beowulf tells the deeds of Teutonic hero Beowulf who fighted against monsters Grendel and his mother, won the battle and protected the King of the Danes. During his reign over his homeland, he slew a firedrake to protect his people, but mortally wounded and died. Even after his death, beowulf’s mound became a beacon for the seafarers who sailed along the coast. B. Artistic Features of Beowulf (1) The most noticeable artistic feature of Beowulf is the use of alliteration. (2) There are also a lot of metaphors (the most common metaphor used in old poetry is kenning, for instance, “sea” as “whale-path”) and understatements in the poem. | I.背景知识——英格兰的形成（449—1066） 1. 盎格鲁-撒克逊征服 A. 简介 罗马人撤离不列颠后，来自北欧的三支日耳曼部落盎格鲁人，撒克逊人和朱特人入侵不列颠。征服之前，他们仍旧过着部落生活。 到7世纪，一个统一的王国——英格兰成立了，也被称作盎格鲁人之国。 B. 影响 (1)这三支部落发展成一个统一的民族称为英国人。三种方言逐渐成为一种单一的语言，称为盎格鲁-撒克逊语言，即古英语。 (2)不列颠人经历了从原始部落社会向封建社会过渡的时期。 (3)盎格鲁-撒克逊人是无神论民族，相信古老的北欧神话，但后来在7世纪被基督教化了。 Ⅱ. 早期英国文学的特征 (1) 盎格鲁-撒克逊人定居英国标志着英国文学的诞生。这一时期的文学可分为异教和基督教文学。 (2) 异教文学指盎格鲁-撒克逊人带来的口头传说，由游吟诗人在宴会大厅里为那些首领和勇士歌唱古时的英雄事迹。古英语中有规律地运用了头韵和韵律，同时也用到了暗喻和含蓄陈述的手法。流传最广的早期英语诗歌是《贝奥武甫》。 (3) 基督教文学是由精通文学的僧侣发展起来的。基督教带来了珍贵的拉丁语，对早期散文和诗歌有极大影响。 Ⅲ.文学术语 1. 盎格鲁-撒克逊诗歌 是由盎格鲁-撒克逊游吟诗人吟唱的古代英雄事迹的诗歌或者歌曲。这些诗歌或者歌曲主要是在宴会厅唱给首领或者武士们听的。代表诗作是《贝奥武甫》。 2. 头韵 就是相邻的两个或者多个单词或重音节中，开头辅音的重复。 3. 史诗 古代民间文学的一种体裁，通常指以传说或重大历史事件为题材的口头叙事诗。史诗主要歌颂每个民族在其形成和发展过程中战胜所经历的各种艰难险阻、克服自然灾害、抵御外侮的斗争及其英雄事绩。 Ⅳ. 英国早期主要作品 ◆《贝奥武甫》 英国文学始于盎格鲁-撒克逊人的定居。《贝奥武甫》是一首盎格鲁-撒克逊诗歌，同时也是一首英格兰人民的民族史诗。 全诗有3182行，分为两部分，中间有段插入部分。整首诗在精神和物质上都是异教的，但显然中间的插入部分是一个基督徒誊写员后加的。 A.《贝奥武甫》主要情节 该诗讲述了贝奥武甫这位日耳曼英雄的英勇事迹。他与怪物格伦德尔和它的母亲战斗，取得了胜利，并保护了丹麦国王。他回家成为国王后，为了保护人民，杀死了火龙，却因伤势过重而死。死后，他的墓塚变成了灯塔，为航行于此的船员指明方向。 B.《贝奥武甫》的文学特征 (1)本诗最突出的特点是押头韵。 (2) 诗中运用了很多暗喻（隐喻语在古英语诗歌中最常见，如把海洋说成鲸道）以及含蓄陈述的修辞手法。 |
1.2 考研真题与典型题详解
I. Fill in the blanks.
1. Beowulf probably existed in its oral form as early as the________ century and its hero and his adventuresare placed in________ and southern Swedenrather than in England. （国际关系学院2010研）
2. In the 8th century, Anglo-Saxon prose appeared. The famous prosewriters of that period were Venerable Bede and ________.
3. The literature of the Anglo-Saxonperiod falls naturally into two divisions, ________ and Christian.
4. Angles, Saxons and ________ usually known as Anglo-Saxons are thefirst Englishmen. Language spoken by them is called________, which is thefoundation of English language and literature.
5. The ________period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism.
6. The early inhabitants on the island now we call Englandwere_________, a tribe of Celts. From theBritons the island got its name of Britain, the land of Britons. The Britonswere a ________ people.
【答案与解析】
1． 6th; Denmark
（《贝奥武甫》最早在公元6世纪开始口头传诵，故事发生在丹麦和瑞典南部，诗中并没有提及英国。）
2.Alfred the Great
（阿尔弗雷德大帝和比德是盎格鲁-撒克逊时期的散文家。）
3.pagan
（盎格鲁-撒克逊时期的英国文学主要是异教诗和基督教文学两类。）
4.Jutes; the Old English
（盎格鲁-撒克逊人通常指盎格鲁人、撒克逊人、朱特人三个部族，他们的语言是古英语。）
5.Anglo-Saxon
（盎格鲁-撒克逊时期，英国由部落社会步入封建社会。）
6.Britons；primitive
（作为凯尔特一个部族的不列颠人是英格兰的早期定居者，不列颠岛也因此而得名。）
II. Multiple Choices
1. The history of English literature beginsin the ________ century. （北二外2009研）
A.7th
B.6th
C.5th
D.4th
2. The Anglo-Saxons were Christianized inthe ________ century.
A. 5th
B. 6th
C. 7th
D. 8th
3. Beowulf describes the exploits of a ________ hero,Beowulf, in fighting against the monster Grendel, his revengeful mother, and afire-breathing dragon.
A. Danish
B. Scandinavian
C. English
D. Norwegian
4. The most important work of Alfred the Great is ________, which is regarded as the best monumentof the old English prose.
A. The Songof Beowulf
B. TheAnglo-Saxon Chronicles
C. TheEcclesiastical History of the English People
D. Brut
【答案与解析】
1.C 英国文学始于盎格鲁-撒克逊人定居英国，即公元450年，所以是5世纪。
2.C 盎格鲁-撒克逊人在公元7世纪被基督教化了。
3.B 《贝奥武甫》讲述的故事发生在北欧斯堪的纳维亚半岛。歌颂了主人公贝奥武夫先后战胜巨怪Grendel，Grendel的母亲以及火蛇的英勇事迹。
4.B 阿尔弗雷德大帝的代表作是《盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史》；《贝尔武甫》是英国流传下来的最古老的史诗。
III. Explain thefollowing terms.
1. Old English period (the Anglo- Saxonperiod)
Key：Old English period (the Anglo- Saxon period): ①The Old English period,extended from the invasion of Celtic England by Germanic tribes (the Angles,Saxons, and Jutes) in the first half of the fifth century to the conquest ofEngland in 1066 by the Norman French under the leadership of William theConqueror. ②Onlyafter they had been converted to Christianity in the seventh century did theAnglo-Saxons, whose earlier literature had been oral, begin to develop awritten literature.
2.Alliteration （南开大学2010研）
Key：①Alliteration, also known as ‘head rhyme’ or ‘initialrhyme’, refers to the repetition of the same sounds—usuallyinitial consonants of words or of stressed syllables—in any sequence of neighboringwords. ②Now an optionaland incidental decorative effect in verse or prose, it was once a requiredelement in the poetry of Germanic languages (including Old English and OldNorse) and in Celtic verse. ③ Such poetry, in which alliteration rather than rhyme is the chiefprinciple of repetition, is known as alliteration verse; its rules also allow avowel sound to alliterate with any other vowels.
3.epic （天津外国语学院2007研；厦门大学2008研）
Key：epic: It is,originally, an oral narrative poem, majestic both in theme and style. Epicsdeal with legendary or historical events of national or universal significance,involving actions of broad sweep and grandeur. Most epics deal with theexploits of a single individual, thereby giving unity to the composition. Greatepics include Iliad and Odyssey by Homer.
IV. Short answerquestions
1. What are the main characteristics ofAnglo-Saxon literature?
Key： Anglo-Saxonliterature is almost exclusively a verse literature in oral form. It was passeddown by word of mouth from generation to generation. Most of its creators areunknown. There are two groups of English poetry in Anglo-Saxon period. Thefirst group is the pagan poetry represented by Beowulf, and the secondis the religious poetry represented by the works of Caedmon and Cynewulf.
2. What are the artistic features of OldEnglish poetry?
Key：
⑴The use of alliteration. Each full line has four stresses with anumber of unstressed syllables, three of which begin with the same sound orletter.
⑵The use of strong stress and the predominance of consonants. Almostall this poetry is composed without rhyme. Each line is divided into two halvesand each half has two heavy stresses.
⑶The use of vivid poetic diction and parallel expressions for asingle idea, such as the sea is called “swan-road” or “whale-path”, a soldieris called “shield-bearer”, “battle-hero” or “spear-fighter”, etc.
V. Essay question
What are thethree parts told in the story of Beowulf? How is heroic ideal reflectedin Beowulf?
Key：(1)Structurallyspeaking, Beowulf is built around three fights. The first part dealswith the fight between Beowulf and the monster Grendel that has been attackingthe great hall of Heorot, built by Hrothgar, the Danish King. The second partinvolves a battle between Beowulf and Grendel’s mother, a water-monster, whotakes revenge by carrying off one of the king’s noblemen. The last part isabout the fight between Beowulf and a firedrake that ravages Beowulf’s kingdom.
(2)Beowulf is a pagan poem concerned withthe heroic ideal of kings and kingship in North Europe. Battle is a way of lifeat that time. Strength and courage are basic virtues for both kings and hiswarriors. The king should protect his people and show gentleness and generosityto his warriors. And in return, his warriors should show absolute obedience andloyalty to the king. By praising Beowulf’s wisdom, strength and courage, and byglorifying his death for his people, the poem presents the heroic ideal of aking and his good relations to his warriors and people.
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