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四川外国语大学241英语历年考研真题及详解

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2012年四川外国语大学241英语考研真题及详解
2011年四川外国语大学241英语考研真题及详解
2007年四川外国语大学221英语考研真题及详解
2006年四川外国语大学221英语考研真题及详解
2005年四川外国语大学221英语考研真题
2004年四川外国语大学221英语考研真题
2003年四川外国语大学221英语考研真题
说明:往年的科目代码是221、241等,科目名称是“英语”,本书采用近年科目代码和名称,即“241英语”。
四川外国语大学考试科目“英语”也即“二外英语”。四川外国语大学“英语”为俄语语言文学、法语语言文学、德语语言文学、日语语言文学、西班牙语语言文学、亚非语言文学、比较制度学、国际商务文化共用科目。
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2012年四川外国语大学241英语考研真题及详解
I. Beneath each of the following sentences, thereare four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (15%)
1. I’d rather you ______ make any comment on theissue for the time being.
A. don’t
B. didn’t
C. wouldn’t
D. shouldn’t
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意:我宁愿你当时什么评论都没有给。用到的固定搭配是would rather sb. did sth.,表示主语宁愿某人做了某事,一般要使用虚拟语气,选择B。
2. ______ popular belief thatclassical music is too complex, it achieves a simplicity that only a geniuscan create.
A. Subject to
B. Contrary to
C. Familiar to
D. Similar to
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意:大多数人认为古典音乐很深奥,相反,对于一小部分天才来讲却是很容易创作的。subject to表示“服从于”,contrary to表示“和……相反”,familiar to表示“为……所熟悉”,similar to表示“与……类似”。
3.If you ______ the bottle and cigarettes, you’ll be much healthier.
A. take off
B. keep off
C. get off
D. set off
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意:如果戒烟戒酒,你就会变得健康许多。take off表示“离开,(飞机)起飞,脱掉衣服”,keepoff表示“(使)不接近,禁食”,get off表示“下车,离开”,set off表示“出发,点燃”。
4.The boy spent as much time watching TV as he ______ studying.
A. does
B. had
C. was
D. did
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意:这个男孩花在看电视上的时间和他花在学习上的时间一样多。句中应遵循一致原则,前面用到的是spent,后面应使用did,答案选择D。
5. Jack wishes that he______ business instead of history when he was in university.
A. studied
B. had been studying
C. study
D. had studied
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意:杰克多么希望大学里他学的是商务而不是历史。这里应当使用虚拟语气,had done sth.表示想要做却没有做成的事情,答案选择D。
6. Found in all parts of thecountry, pines are the most ______ trees in this country.
A. ordinary
B. average
C. usual
D. common
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意:这个国家所有的范围内,松树是最常见的树木。ordinary表示“普通的,常见的”,average表示“平均的”,usual表示“照常的,通常的”,common表示“通俗的”。
7.This disease ______ itself in yellowness of the skin and eyes.
A.manifests
B.modifies
C.magnifies
D.exposes
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意:这种疾病表现在患者身上是眼睛和皮肤发黄。manifest表示“显示,表明”,modify表示“修饰,改变”,magnify表示“放大,赞美”,expose表示“揭发,揭露”。
8. The manager of the hotelrequests that their guests ______ after 11:00 p.m.
A. not to play loud music
B. don’t play loud music
C. shouldn’t play loud music
D. couldn’t play load music
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意:酒店经理请求客人们夜里11点后不要大声地播放音乐。request表示“请求”,在接that引导的从句时,后面应当采用request sb. that sth. shall/shall not be done.,答案选择C。
9. We cannot trust him any more because he often______ his duty.
A.owes
B.spoils
C.deserts
D. neglects
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意:我们再也不能信任他了,因为他经常忽视自身的职责。owe表示“欠债,感激,归功于”,spoil表示“溺爱,糟蹋”,desert表示“沙漠,抛弃”,neglect表示“忽视,忽略”。
10. Thenews quickly spread through the whole country ______ the war had ended.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. where
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意:战争结束的消息飞快地在全国上下传播开来。句末的the war had ended用来修饰前面的news,此处应用that引导,不能使用which。
11. There are different forms of energy, ______ comefrom the sun.
A. that
B. most of that
C. most of them
D. most of which
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意:能源有许多种,大部分都来自于太阳。句中的先行词是different forms of energy,需要用most of which来引导定语从句,答案选择D。
12. I received her father’s telephone call at eleven.______ that she was badly hurt in an accident yesterday.
A. Then did I know
B. Only then I knew
C. Only then did I know
D. Only then knew I
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意:晚上11点我接到了她父亲打来的电话,那时我才知道昨天她在一场事故中受了重伤。这里要使用倒装句来表示强调,要将助动词与主语位置对调,答案选择C。
13. Afterworking for twenty hours without any rest, the doctors were ______ .
A. exhausted
B. mounted
C. wrapped
D. restored
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意:在连续工作了20个小时之后,医生们都精疲力竭了。exhausted表示“精疲力竭的”,mounted表示“安装好的,骑在(自行车、马)上的”,wrapped表示“有包装的”,restored表示“恢复的,还原的”。
14. —Thewater changes into thick ice covering rivers and lakes in winter in Harbin.
— ______ in Urumqi andchildren go skating on it then.
A. So is it
B. So it does
C. So it is
D. So does it
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意:——在哈尔滨,冬天河面和湖面上会结厚厚的冰。——在乌鲁木齐也是这样,孩子们会在上面滑冰。so does it表示“……也一样”,so it does表示“它的确如此”,因此答案选择D。
15. I didn’t say anything likethat at all. You are purposely ______ my ideas to prove your point.
A. revising
B. contradicting
C. distorting
D. distracting.
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意:我根本就没有那样说,是你故意以自己的见解误解了我的想法。revise表示“修正,订正”,contradict表示“反驳”,distort表示“曲解,误解,(使)变形”,distract表示“(使)分心,(使)混乱”。
II. Each of the following sentences contains one mistake.Among the four choices marked A, B, C and D, JUST POINT OUT the one which you thinkthe mistake is and write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)
1.People often dream of living in a perfect place where no one wouldbe poor, and everyone would be considerable of
A B  CD
everyone else.
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】considerable改为considerate。considerate表示“体贴的”,considerable表示“相当大的,重要的”。
2.Teachers need to be unaware of the emotional, intellectual, and physicalchanges that young adults experience.
A  B C  D
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】unaware改为aware。unaware表示“无意的,未察觉到的”,aware表示“意识到的,知道的”。
3.Jetlag makes business travelersless productive and more prone to make mistakes.
AB CD
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】make改为making。prone to doing sth.表示“易于……的”。
4.If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you will bring withyou some basic strengths and weaknesses.
A  B  C D
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】will改为would。此句为虚拟语气,应使用will的过去时would。
5.Please be serious. I am not joking. You shouldconsider it careful.
A B C  D
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】careful改为carefully。句末应使用副词carefully,而不是形容词careful。
6.A great many cities is experiencing difficultieswhich are nothing new in the history of cities.
A BC  D
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】is改为are。前面的主语是复数,因此be动词应使用are。
7.It is important that the hotel receptionist makes sure that guestsare registered correctly.
A B.C D
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】makes改为make。英语当中的固定搭配为it is important that sb shall/should do sth.,其中的shall可以省略,此处应当填make的原形。
8.The president of the company,together with the workers, are planning a conference for the purposeof solving
AB C D
financial problems.
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】are改为is。句子的主语是the president of the company,后面的together with the workers仅是用来修饰主语的,不能将它当成主语,be动词使用is。
9.We are not necessary capableof doing such an exacting job.
A B  CD
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】necessary改为necessarily。动词应采用副词进行修饰。
10.The idea that learna foreign language is hard work is realized by every student.
A B C  D
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】learn改为learning。此处要使用v-ing形式来说明客观事实。
III. Each of the passages below is followed by somequestions. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choosethe best one and write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (25%)
Passage One
Kite flying is the sportof sending up into the air, by means of the wind, a light frame covered with paper, plastic or cloth. The frame can be oneof many different shapes and is attached to a long string held in the hand or woundon a drum. Kites have a long history of practical application and many differenttypes of kite have been developed to serve various purposes.
The ancient Chinese used bird-kites to carry ropes across riversand valleys. The current folding kite which will dive excitingly is an improvedtype of such a kite. With its long flat body and single pair of bird-like wings,it looks just like a large bird in the air. The modern version is usually made oftissue-paper rather than the traditional silk.
Man-lifting kites were developed in ancient times, again bythe Chinese, for getting information from walled cities and army camps. In fact,as recently as World War II, German U-boats flew kites from their towers to liftpeople into the air to watch the land. These kites, which are no longer in existence,were made of light-weight cloth. They were much larger and stronger than the Chineseones. Their design, however, was simply that of the cutter kite. Smaller in size,this type of kite is still very popular as a toy for children, being easy to makewith a diamond-shaped frame, no wings and brown-paper covering.
Box-kites are another type of kite found in toy shops today.The first box-kite, named for its box-like body, was developed in the nineteenthcentury to test theories of flight and this type of cotton-covered kite greatlyassisted the success of early aero plane. These kites are the ancestors of a heavierversion of the box-kite, which consists of two main sections, placed side by side.Developed for the peacetime purpose of fishing in strong sea wind, it is the onlymodern kite described which has practical value. A long-lasting plastic materialhas to be used for this kite, which carries fishing lines.
1.The ancient Chinese bird-kites were usually made of light frames covered with ______.
A. silk
B. paper
C. cloth
D. plastic
2.Which of the following statements is not true?
A. The frame of a kite is attached to long string held in thehand or wound on drum.
B. The ancestor of the double box-kite.
C. The cutter kite has a diamond-shaped body but no wings.
D. The current folding kite is developed to test theories offlight.
【答案与解析】
1.A 文章第二段最后一句话指出“The modern version is usually made of tissue-paperrather than the traditional silk.”说明中国古代的风筝是丝绸做的,现代的是用薄棉纸做的。
2.D 文章最后一段第二句话指出“The first box-kite, named for its box-like body,was developed in the nineteenth century to test theories of flight…”,说明盒状风筝最初是用来发展飞行理论的,而不是折叠式风筝,答案选择D。
Passage Two
The food we eat seems tohave profound effects on our health. Although science has madeenormous steps in making food more fitto eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research hasshown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet andforty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of thecolon. Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses becauseof the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illnessis not a new discovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realizedthat nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additivescaused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomesmore difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processedfood are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmersoften give penicillin to beef and living animals, and because of this, penicillinhas been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given toanimals not for medical purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simplytrying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Althoughthe Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures,the practices continue.
3.What is the best possible title of the passage?
A. Drug and Food
B. Cancer and Health
C. Food and Health
D. Health and Drug
4.Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasons.
B. Some of the additives in our food are added tothe food itself and some are given to the living animals.
C. Researchers have known about the potential dangersof food additives for over thirty-five years.
D. Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world.
5.The word “carcinogenic” most nearly means “______”.
A. trouble-making
B. color-retaining
C. money-making
D. cancer-causing
【答案与解析】
3.C 全文都是在谈论食品和健康的紧密联系,因此答案选择C。
4.A 文章第十句话指出“Sometimes similardrugs are given to animals not for medical purposes, but for financial reasons.”由此可见,药物用于动物身上不仅仅是为了进行治疗,而是为了经济利益。因此A选项不符合题意。
5.D carcinogenic表示“致癌的,致癌物的”,因此答案选择D。
Passage Three
Ifyou want to stay young, sit downand have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of ourbrains are not getting enough exercise—and as a result, we areageing unnecessarily soon.
Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out whyotherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appearedto be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and howthe process of ageing could be slowed down.
Witha team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.
Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precisemeasurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relateto intellect (智能) and emotion, and determine the human character.(The rear section of the brain, which controls functions like eating and breathing,does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual oremotional faculties.)
Contraction of front and side parts—ascells die off—was observed on some subjects in their thirties,but it was still not evident in some sixty- and seventy-year-olds.
Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedyto the contraction normally associated with age—using the head.
The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brainbegins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. Those least at risk, saysMatsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collarworkers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to haveshrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.
Matsuzawa’s findings show that thinking can prevent the brainfrom shrinking. Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygenthe brain cells need. “The best way to maintain good blood circulation is throughusing the brain,” he says, “Think hard and engage in conversation. Don’t rely onpocket calculators.”
6.The team of doctors wanted to find out______.
A. why certain people age sooner than others
B. how to make people live longer
C. the size of certain people’s brains
D. which people are most intelligent
7.On what are their research findings based?
A. A survey of farmers in northern Japan.
B. Tests performed on a thousand old people.
C. The study of brain volumes of different people
D. The latest development of computer technology.
8. The doctor’s test showsthat______.
A. our brains shrink as we grow older
B. the front section of the brain does not shrink
C. sixty-year-olds have the better brains than thirty-year-olds
D. some people’s brains have contracted more than other people’s
9.The word “subjects” in Paragraph 5 means______.
A. something to be considered
B. branches of knowledge studied
C. persons chosen to be studied in an experiment
D. any member of a state except the supreme ruler
10.According to the passage, which people seem to age slower than the others?
A. Lawyers.
B. Farmers.
C. Clerks.
D. Shop assistants.
【答案与解析】
6.A 文章第二段指出,Professor TaijuMatsuzawa 试图得知为什么日本北部的农民在相对年轻的时候就失去了思考和推理的能力,并且还想知道老化的速度该如何被降低。因此,答案选择A。
7.C 文章第三段指出“he set about measuringbrain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.”由此可见,他们的研究是基于不同年龄不同职业的一千个人的分析之上的,答案选择C。
8.D 文章第七段开始就指出大脑萎缩这一现象在农村出现的时间要比在城镇出现的时间早得多。接下来又论证了这一现象会受到的不同职业的影响,说明有些人的大脑萎缩要比其他人严重,答案选择D。
9.C 结合上下文可以看出,这里的subject的意思是“样本”,即参与实验的人们。
10.A 文章第七段第二句话指出“Those leastat risk, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors.”,律师面临大脑萎缩这一风险的几率最小,答案选择A。
Passage Four
Every day 25 million U. S. childrenride school buses. The safety record for these buses is much better than for passenger cars; but nevertheless, about10 children are killed each year riding on large school buses, and nearly four timesthat number are killed outside buses in the loading zones. By and large, however,the nation’s school children are transported to and from school safely.
Even though the number of school bus casualties (死亡人数) is not large, the safety of children is always of intensepublic concern. While everyone wants to see children transported safely, peopleare divided about what needs to be done--particularly whether seat beltsshould be mandatory (强制性的).
Supporters of seat belts on school buses argue that seat beltsare necessary not only to reduce death and injury, but also to teach children lessonsabout the importance of using them routinely in any moving vehicle. A side benefit,they point out, is that seat belts help keep children in their seats, away fromthe bus driver.
Opponents of seat belt installation suggest that children arealready well protected by the school buses that follow the National Highway TrafficSafety Administration’s (NHTSA) safety requirement set in 1977. They also believethat many children won’t wear seat belts anyway, and that they may damage the beltsor use them as weapons to hurt other children.
A new Research Council report on school bus safety suggeststhat there are alternate safety devices and procedures that may be more effectiveand less expensive. For example, the study committee suggested that raising seatbacks four inches may have the same safety effectiveness as seat belts.
The report sponsored by the Department of Transportation atthe request of Congress, reviews seat belts extensively while taking a broader lookat safety in and around school buses.
11.Each year, children killed outside buses in the loading zones are about______.
A. 10
B. 40
C. 30
D. 50
12.Which of these words is nearest in meaning to the words “are divided” in paragraph2?
A. disagree
B. separat
C. arrange
D. concern
13.According to the passage, who has the greatest degree of control of the school buses’“safety”?
A. A New Research Council.
B. The Department of Transportation.
C. The Medical Organizations.
D. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
14.It may be inferred from this passage that______.
A. many of the opponents of seat belt installation are parentsand officials of the Department of Transportation
B. proposal of seat belts on school buses would be seriouslyconsidered
C. an alternate safety device (raising seat backs four inches)may be taken into consideration
D. The Department of Transportation may either takethe idea of seat belts or other measures when it reviews the whole situation
15.The best title which expresses the idea of the passage is______.
A. Making School Buses Even Safer for Children
B. Seat Belts Needed on School Buses
C. Alternate Safety Devices and Procedures
D. Safety in and around School Buses
【答案与解析】
11.B 文章第一段第二句话指出,每年有10名儿童在校车事故中丧生,而在装卸区遇难的儿童总人数是前者的四倍。因此答案选择B。
12.A are divided表示意见有分歧,选项中只有disagree最接近。
13.D 文章第四段第一句话“…that childrenare already well protected by the school buses that follow the National HighwayTraffic Safety Administration’s (NHTSA) safety requirement set in 1977.”因此可以看出NHTSA对于校车安全最具发言权,选择D。
14.D 文章最后一段指出,交通部按照国会的要求重新审视了校车安全问题并且将视野放大到更广阔的领域。
15.A 全文都是在谈论美国民众对于校车安全的关心,并写出了为提高校车安全系数人们展开了一系列的讨论,目的在于让乘坐校车变得更安全。因此答案选择A。
Passage Five
The marvelous telephone and television network thathas now enmeshed the whole world, making all men neighbors, cannot be extended into space. It will never bepossible to converse with anyone on another planet. Even with today’s radio equipment,the messages will take minutes—sometimes hours—on their journey, becauseradio and light waves travel at the same limited speed of 186,000 miles a second.
Twenty years from now you will be able to listen to a friendon Mars, but the words you hear will have left his mouth at least three minutesearlier, and your reply will take a corresponding time to reach him. In such circumstances,an exchange of verbal messages is possible—but not a conversation.
To a culture which has come to take instantaneous communicationfor granted, as part of the very structure of civilized life, this “time barrier”may have a profound psychological impact. It will be a perpetual reminder of universallaws and limitations against which not all our technology can ever prevail. Forit seems as certain as anything can be that no signal—stillless any material object—can ever travel faster than light.
The velocity of light is the ultimate speed limit, being partof the very structure of space and time. Within the narrow confines of the solarsystem, it will not handicap us too severely. At the worst, these will amount totwenty hours—the time it takes a radio signal to span the orbitof Pluto, the outer-most planet.
It is when we move out beyond the confines of the solar systemthat we come face to face with an altogether new order of cosmic reality. Even today,many otherwise educated men—like those savages who can count to three but lumptogether all numbers beyond four—cannot grasp the profound distinction between solarand stellar space. The first is the space enclosing our neighboring worlds, theplanets; the second is that which embraces those distant suns, the stars, and itis literally millions of times greater. There is no such abrupt change of scalein the terrestrial affairs.
Many conservative scientists, appalled by these cosmic gulfs,have denied that they can ever be crossed. Some people never learn; those who sixtyyears ago scoffed at the possibility of flight, and ten years ago laughed at theidea of travel to the planets, are now quite sure that the stars will always bebeyond our reach. And again they are wrong, for they have failed to grasp the greatlesson of our age—that if something is possible in theory, and no fundamentalscientific laws oppose its realization, then sooner or later it will be achieved.
One day we shall discover a really efficient means of propellingour space vehicles. Every technical device is always developed to its limit andthe ultimate speed for spaceships is the velocity of light. They will never reachthat goal, but they will get very near it. And then the nearest star will be lessthan five years voyaging from the earth.
16.For light to travel across the solar system, it will take ______.
A. a year 
B. nearly a day 
C. two months 
D. thirty minutes
17. The fact that it will never be possible to conversewith someone on another planet shows that ______.
A. radio messages do not travel fast enough
B. no object can ever travel faster than light
C. western culture has a special idea of communication
D. certain universal laws cannot be prevailed against
18.Confronted with the new order of cosmic reality, many educated men ______.
A. become ignorant savage again
B. find the “time barrier” unbearable
C. will not combine solar and stellar space 
D. cannot adapt to the abrupt change of scale
19.Conservative scientists who deny that cosmic gulfs can ever be crossed will ______.
A. laugh at the very idea of flight
B. learn a lesson as they did ten years ago
C. find space travel beyond their reach
D. oppose the fundamental scientific laws
20.The author of the passage intends to show ______.
A. the limitations of our technology
B. the vastness of the cosmic reality
C. the prospect of planetary travel
D. the psychological impact of time and space
【答案与解析】
16.B 文章第四段开头就指出,光速是最快的。若让光穿过整个太阳系,延迟的时间也不会太久。接着,作者写到“At the worst, these will amount to twenty hours”,说明耗时差不多为一天,选择B。
17.A 文章第一段最后一句话指出,无线电和光的速度都有上限,186000英里/秒。速度不够同声交流的标准,因此不能满足我们跨星球对话。答案选择A。
18.D 文章第四段主要说明就算是受过教育的人类,也不能完好地适应宇宙时空差异所带来的落差。最后一句话“There is no such abrupt change of scale in the terrestrialaffairs.”也指出人类不能适应这突如其来的大规模转变。
19.C 文章第六段阐述了态度保守的学者对于宇宙漩涡的看法,指出了他们的固执。并且在段落的最后一句写到“…if something is possible in theory, and no fundamentalscientific laws oppose its realization, then sooner or later it will be achieved.”这说明,这些保守的学者总有一天会看到实践能够超越理论。答案选择C。
20.C 全文在讲超星际交流的事情,指出了实现这一目标的客观条件以及对未来的展望,应当是在为读者展示星际间交流的前景,选择C。
Passage Six
How did a lanky Danish vegetarian who wears T shirts to importantmeetings and votes only for left-wing politicians become the great Satan of environmentalism?By telling everyone he is an environmentalist but sounding like the opposite. “Weare not running out of energy or natural resources,” writes Bjorn Lomborg, 37, anassociate professor of statistics at Denmark’s University of Aarhus and a former member of Greenpeace, in his 1998 book The Skeptical Environmentalist. “Air and water around us are becoming less and less polluted.Mankind’s lot has actually improved in terms of practically every measurable indicator.”
The book, which was published in English last year, became abest seller, and conservatives worldwide use its ideas to justify inaction on suchissues as deforestation and global warming. “We should do something that actuallydoes good and not sounds good,” he says of the expense of complying with the KyotoProtocol on global warming. “For the cost of Kyoto for one year, we could give cleandrinking water and sanitation to every human being on earth.”
Some scientists say they initially hoped to ignore Lomborg butin the wake of his book’s popularity have reacted with a fury rarely seen in academiAPeter Raven, chairman of the American Association for the Advancement of Science,calls Lomborg “the prime example in our time of someone who distorts statisticsand statements to meet his own political end.” A dozen esteemed environmental scientists,including Raven and Harvard’s Edward O. Wilson, are demanding that Lomborg’s publishercut him loose. “We are deeply disturbed that Cambridge University Press would publishand promote an error-filled, poorly referenced and non-peer-reviewed work,” theywrite in a letter calling on Cambridge to transfer publishing rights to a popular,nonscholarly press.
The problem is, Lomborg gets many of his facts right—andprovides 2,930 footnotes to make them easy to check. Some scientists and environmentaladvocates have made exaggerated claims about environmental doom, and it’s not surprisingthat they have finally been catalogued. Yet Lomborg is as guilty of exaggerationand selective use of data as those he criticizes. He is right that air and waterquality and agricultural productivity have improved in much of the world. But tolook at the data on global warming, biological diversity, marine depletion and deforestationand still say things are generally getting better takes a willful blindness. That’swhy it’s a shame so many of the attacks on Lomborg rely on name calling. All thatdoes is avoid what could be a valuable debate on the substance of environmentalpolicy--and, of course, help Lomborg sell books. “I’m making a fair amount of moneyfrom the book,” says Lomborg. “A lot more than Cambridge thought.”
21.Why is Bjorn Lomborg criticized by environmentalists?
A. Because he has always been against protecting the environment.
B. Because he put forward a new hypothesis of protecting theworld environment.
C. Because he claims to be an environmentalist butdoubts that environmental problems are as serious as they used to be.
D. Because he believes that environmental problems are becomingworse.
22.We can learn from the text that The Skeptical Environmentalist is a book that______.
A. has attracted attention from both the public andthe scholars
B. has been neglected by the readers since its publication
C. has been greatly criticized by the readers sinceits publication
D. has been greatly praised by the readers sinceits publication
23. Conservatives worldwide share with Lomborg thesame view that deforestation and global warming are ______.
A. getting worse and worse because nothing has beendone about them
B. getting better and better because much money hasbeen spent on them
C. serious problems that should be solved at anycost
D. not serious problems that should be solved atgreat cost at present
24.The scientists, according to the text, demand that Cambridge University Press______.
A. sell all the books to a popular, non-scholarlypress, for the book is full of errors
B. stop publishing the book and sell the publishingrights to a non-scholarly press, for the book is not an academic book
C. stop publishing any books written by Lomborg,for he is not accepted by his peers
D. transfer the publishing rights of the book toanother press, for the book is not well referenced
25.What doer the author think of the criticism against Lomborg’s book?
A. It is fair and has been conducted in a good way.
B. It prevents Lomborg from getting more money fromthe book.
C. It should not be name-calling, but should be carriedout in a way that could start a meaningful discussion on how to solve environmentalproblems.
D. It is not fair, for the book is well-referenced.
【答案与解析】
21.C 文章第一段第二句话指出“By tellingeveryone he is an environmentalist but sounding like the opposite.”,由此可见,环境学家批评他是因为他声称自己是环保倡导者,但却认为人类环境问题并没有像大家想的那样严重。
22.A 文章第二段第一句话指出“The book, whichwas published in English last year, became a best seller…”接下来又继续指出了学术界和社会公众对这本书的关注度很高,答案选择A。
23.D 文章第三段写到“For the cost ofKyoto for one year, we could give clean drinking water and sanitation to every humanbeing on earth.”由此可见,保守派认为空气和水污染还不是要用当前任何代价来解决的严重问题,答案选D。
24.B 文章第三段写到“…they write ina letter calling on Cambridge to transfer publishing rights to a popular, nonscholarlypress.”由此可见,科学家们希望剑桥出版社停止对这本书的出版,并且把它的版权卖给非学术界出版社,因为它根本就不符合学术界正统。
25.C 文章中作者既没有明确指出他拥护这本书,也没有说明他极力反对。而是呼吁大家理性看待其中的价值,并且把理论付诸于实际行动,做有意义的决定。
IV.Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentencesinto Chinese. (35%)
Schooling and Education
(1)It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless,it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school.The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.
(2)Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive thanschooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in theshower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes boththe formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informallearning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the peopledebating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist. (3)Whereasschooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises.A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little isknown of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education,then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process thatstarts long before the start of school and one that should be an integral part ofone’s entire life.
(4)Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalizedprocess, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughouta country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assignedseats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, andso on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabetor an understanding of the workings of government, have usually been limited bythe boundaries of the subject being taught. (5)For example, high school studentsknow that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about politicalproblems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with.There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.
答案:
(1) 在美国,人们通常认为学校是一个让人们获得教育的地方。然而,今天却有人说,孩子
们去上学打断了他们受教育的过程。这项观点指出来的上学和受教育的区别是十分重要
的。
(2) 教育比上学更加开放,也更加包罗万象。教育没有限制。它在任何场合下都可以进行,洗澡时可以,工作时可以;在厨房做饭时可以,在开拖拉机时也可以。
(3) 上学读书通常带着一点可预见性,而教育往往能给人们带来意外的发现。与陌生人一次随意的谈话都有可能让一个人发现自己对其他宗教的认识真是少之又少。
(4) 另一方面,上学却是一个特定的形式化了的过程,在不同场合下它的基本模式都差不多。全国上下,孩子们都差不多在同一时间到达学校,坐到指定的位置上,由一位成年人来教他们知识。用着相似的课本,做作业,考试,等等。
(5) 例如,高中生们知道在课堂上他们没法搞清楚社区里政治问题的真相,也不会知晓最新潮的电影制片人在做着怎样的拍摄实验。学校教育这一形式化的过程是有特定的限制的。
V.Translate the following sentences into English. (15%) 
1.他看起来倒还老实,但外表有时是靠不住的,不是吗?
答案:He looks like an honest man;however,appearance is not always reliable, is it?
2.这个国家的人口以每年1200万人的速度持续增长。
答案:The population of the country continue to increaseby 12,000,000 annually.
3.这兄弟俩看起来很像,别把他们搞错了。
答案:The two brothers are very much alike, so do not mistakeone for the other.
4.人们普遍认为,孩子们的早年经历在很大程度上决定了他们的性格及其未来的人品。
答案:It is generally believed that the experiences ofthe children in their early years largely determine their disposition and latercharacter.
5.他对现时信息产业的发展状况持乐观态度。
答案:He holds a positive attitude toward the developmentof the IT industry at present.

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