中山大学翻译学院211翻译硕士英语历年真题及详解

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2013年中山大学翻译学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
2012年中山大学翻译学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
2011年中山大学翻译学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
2010年中山大学翻译学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
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2013年中山大学翻译学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
PART I GRAMMAR &VOCABULARY [60 MIN] (1×30=30 POINTS)
There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence thereare four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Please choose the correctanswer that best completes the sentence and write your answers on the ANSWERSHEET.
1. Mostdoctors of the Colonial period believed _____ was caused by an imbalance ofhumors in the body.
A. in disease
B. that disease
C. of disease
D. about disease
2. An underlyingassumption of most market research is that people are continually _____financial decisions based on their desire for goods that give them the mostsatisfaction.
A. making
B. and make
C. being made
D. having made
3. _____mammals have hair at some time in their lives, though in certain whales it ispresent only before birth.
A. Most
B. The most
C. Most of which
D. In most of the
4. Peoplein prehistoric times created paints by grinding materials such as plants andclay into powder _____.
A. water to be added
B. for adding water then
C. and water added
D. and then adding water
5.Because of _____ diversity, seven separate groupings or divisions of algae havebeen established by botanists.
A. them
B. so that
C. those
D. their
6. Fog iscommon near _____ inland bodies of water and along coasts in temperate zones.
A. there are large
B. large
C. either large
D. where large
7.Navigators on ships and aircraft use a compass to determine _____ they areheading.
A. the direction in which
B. to where the direction
C. that direction of which
D. where the direction
8. While play isimportant at all levels of human development, _____ takes on particularsignificance when children are five and six years old.
A. it
B. and
C. which
D. because it
9. _____ all cherrytrees are very attractive when in bloom, some species with inferior fruit are cultivatedespecially for their flowers.
A. Although
B. There are
C. It is
D. That
10. At the time of Columbus’ voyages, NativeAmericans used an astounding diversity of languages, _____ the diversity usedby Europeans.
A. the greatest by far
B. by far than greater
C. by far the greatest
D. greater by far than
11. Heproved himself a _____ successor to the former Prime Minister.
A. worthwhile
B. worthiness
C. worthy
D. worth
12. The _____ of theseislands is still in dispute and the three countries are to have a conference nextmonth to settle the issue.
A. sovereignty
B. right
C. authority
D. power
13. _____industries, inventions, and communal endeavors of the Shakers, the best knownis their fine furniture.
A. Of the many
B. Their many
C. Are the many
D. Many of the
14. Most of North America receives _____ some form of continuousplant cover except in the arid and semiarid Southwest.
A. moisture to sustain sufficient
B. sufficient moisture to sustain
C. to sustain sufficient moisture
D. sufficient to sustain moisture
15. Theportrayal of everyday life in the objects of folk art makes it _____ valuablesource of history.
A. and a
B. so that a
C. a
D. is a
16. _____ modemoffices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize themwith warmer, less severe interiors.
A. If
B. But
C. With
D. Once
17. In order to remainin existence, _____ must, in the long run, produce something consumers consideruseful or desirable.
A. a profit-making organization
B. a profit-making organizationwhich
C. therefore a profit-makingorganization
D. whichever a profit-makingorganization
18.Uniform acceleration occurs _____ the rate of change remains the same oversuccessive and equal intervals of time.
A. according
B. if
C. with
D. under
19. The seating ofmusicians in an orchestra is arranged _____ to produce the desired blend of soundsfrom the various musical sections.
A. the conductor of
B. from the conductor
C. the conductor and
D. by the conductor
20. Although pecansare most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found _____ Ohioand Illinois.
A. far north
B. north as far
C. farthest north
D. as far north as
21. Youshould have put the milk into the refrigerator, I expect it _____ bad by now.
A. went
B. had gone
C. has gone
D. goes
22. When the professoris engaged in a specific writing task, nobody and nothing can _____ him fromthe work he is engaged in, for he is totally absorbed in the job.
A. dislodge
B. remove
C. divert
D. distract
23.Justice of the Peace have _____ over the trials of some civil suits and ofcriminal cases involving minor offenses.
A. guidance
B. authority
C. privilege
D. advantage
24.Virtually every theory has been _____ either the structure or the function ofthe language.
A. concerned to
B. concerned for
C. concerned about
D. concerned with
25. Professor Collinswas _____ of the latest developments in physics because he had been in hospitalfor several months.
A. unconscious
B. negative
C. carefree
D. ignorant
26. _____his knowledge and academic background, he is basically stupid.
A. But for
B. According to
C. For all
D. Thanks to
27. Manyfeminists attacked Hamlet’s exclamation: “_____, thy name is woman!”
A. Weakness
B. Susceptibility
C. Vulnerability
D. Frailty
28.Listening to thrilling stories made my flesh _____.
A. climb
B. itchy
C. creep
D. move
29. Donot be _____ by what he has said this time.
A. taken in
B. taken over
C. taken after
D. taken on
30.Unfortunately, he hit a traffic jam and missed the train _____ a few minutes.
A. with
B. by
C. before
D. for
PART II READINGCOMPREHENSION [60 MIN] (1.5×20+2×5=40 POINTS)
In this section there are five reading passages followed by a total of20 multiple-choice questions and 5 short answer questions. Please read thepassages and then write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
TEXT A
According to a private study, theworst USeconomic recession in 70 years is forcing senior citizens out of retirement,leaving them fighting for jobs in a weak labor market or risking homelessness.
The study by Experience Works,showed 46 percent of the 2,000 low income people over 55 years who participatedneeded to find work to keep their homes. Nearly half of them had been searchingfor work for more than a year.
Experience Works is the nation’slargest nonprofit provider of community service, training and employmentopportunities for older workers.
“These people are at the age wherethey understandably thought their job-searching years were behind them,” saidCynthia Metzler, president and CEO of Experience Works.
“But here they are, many in their60s, 70s and beyond, desperate to find work so they can keep a roof over theirheads and food on the table.”
According to the study, many ofthe participants had no intention of working past their 60th birthday, but hadto change plans after being laid off or following the death of a spouse. Over athird of the participants had retired.
Huge medical bills due to a personalillness or that of a spouse were also reasons for coming out of retirement, thesurvey found. The longest and deepest economic slump since the 1930s is makingfinding a job for the low-income elderly workers a difficult challenge.
According to Labor Departmentdata, there were 2 million unemployed workers over the age of 55 in August, an increase of 69 percent fromthe same period last year. Between August 2008 and August this year, the numberof unemployed workers 75 years and older increased by 33 percent.
The unemployment rate amongworkers 55 years and older was 6.7 percent in August after shooting to a record7.1 percent in July. The national unemployment rate was at 9.7 percent inAugust, the highest in 26 years.
The Experience Works study foundthat 46 percent of the elderly jobseekers were sometimes forced to choosebetween paying rent, buying food or medication. Almost three-quarters believedtheir age made it harder to compete for jobs with younger workers.
“This study underscores the need tocreate policies that remove barriers to employment for older workers andprovide additional programs and services specifically aimed at helping olderpeople re-enter the work force or remain working,” said Metzler.
31. Whatimpact does the economic recession bring to American senior citizens?
A. They are pulledback to be jobseekers again.
B. They have to retireahead of schedule.
C. They are facing therisk of job losses.
D. They must competewith youth for jobs.
32. Fromthe passage, we can learn that Experience Works _____.
A. takes elderlyjobseekers as its targets of services.
B. is the largestservice provider for older workers worldwide.
C. is able to make agreat profit by providing services every year.
D. offers communityservice, training and employment opportunities to Americans.
33. Whydo the old people still expect for jobs?
A. Because they don’tbelieve their job-searching years have passed.
B. Because they wantto gain more guarantee for their retirement.
C. Because they haveto depend on working to make their living.
D. Because they wouldlike to dispel their pains for job or spouse losses.
34. Whichof the following statements about the unemployment rate in the US is true?
A. The unemploymentrate in July is the highest in the national unemployment rate.
B. Compared with therate in July, the unemployment rate in August decreased a little.
C.9.7 percent sets arecord for the unemployment rate nationally since 26 years before.
D. Unemployed workers55 years and older are mainly affecting the unemployment rate.
35. Whatcan be inferred from Metzler’s words in the last paragraph?
A. It is necessary forthe government to clear up the obstacles in the job market.
B. More programs andservices should be added to help senior citizens pull through.
C. The governmentshould try to eliminate discrimination against elderly jobseekers.
D. Extra programs andservices are needed to help senior citizens avoid being laid off.
TEXT B
Throughout all ages man has alwayscarved colossal figures out of stone. This can be seen in the ancient ruins of Egypt, Persiaand Babylon. Inmodern times Americahas also taken up the same challenge and has carved huge sculptures into hermountains.
On the East Coast of America notfar from Atlanta, Georgiastands Stone Mountain, the largest mass ofexposed granite in the world. Carved into the side of this mountain are threetremendous equestrian figures. They are sculptures of Jefferson Davis, RobertE. Lee and “Stonewall Jackson.” It is a memorial to the Confederacy. The colossalfigure of Lee alone measures 138 feet from the top of his head to the tip ofhis horse’s hoof. To see these stone sculptures on the side of a mountain ismost impressive and inspiring. It was commissioned in 1916 and was begun byGutzon Borglum, the sculptor of Mt. Rushmore, but was notcompleted until 1969 by Walter K. Hancock.
In South Dakota, a western state, is locatedanother achievement of man’s ability to shape nature into his own image and theachievement is considered to be one of the great man-made wonders of the modernworld. It is located in the Black Hills in thesouthwestern part of the state. It is called the “Shrine of Democracy” at Mount Rushmureabout twenty-five miles from Rapid  City. It is visible for 97 kilometers.
This monument was conceived bymaster sculptor, Gutzon Borglum and was begun in 1927. He was born in Idaho and his firstcommission was a statue of Abraham Lincoln in the Capitol in Washington, D. C.This masterpiece in stone consists of the faces of four U.S. presidentswhich are 60 feet high each. The monument took 14 years to complete and ranksas one of the great sculptures of the world equal to the colossal figures ofgods and kings found in Egyptian temples and tombs. Some have argued that afifth face should be carved next to the existing four, but this would beimpossible because the stone on the rest of the mountain is not of good qualityfor carving.
A trip to America wouldnot he complete without viewing one of these monuments. Their size, scope andgrandeur stand as a testimony to both art and technology and the grandeur of America.
36.What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A. All nations havecarved colossal figures on the stone.
B. Only in Egypt, Persiaand Babylon canpeople carve colossal figures.
C. There are also somegreat sculptures in America.
D. America is a challenge to othercountries.
37. What is carved into the surface of Stone Mountain?
A. Two figures withhorses.
B. Three standinggenerals.
C. The faces of fourpresidents.
D. Three figures on horseback.
38. Which is true about the sculptures on Stone Mountain?
A. They are thelargest in the world.
B. They are connectedto the Confederacy.
C. One has to stand onone side to see all of them.
D. They are part ofthe Mt. Rushmore.
39.What do we know about Gutzon Borglum?
A. He carved AbrahamLincoln first on Mt. Rushmore.
B. He also carved somegods and kings in Egyptian temples and tombs.
C. His original aimwas five figures on Mr. Rushmore.
D. He also didsomething for the sculptures on Stone Mountain.
40. Why a fifth figure was not carved onto Mount Rushmore?
A. Because thesculptor-Gutzon Borglum was against it.
B. Because themonument would become too controversial.
C. Because there is nomore good stone for quality carving.
D. Because there arenot enough funds for the project.
TEXT C
A woman should some day write thecomplete philosophy of clothes. No matter how young, it is one of the thingsshe wholly comprehends. There is an indescribably faint line in the matter ofman’s apparel, which somehow divides for her those who are worth glancing atand those who are not. Once an individual has passed this faint line on the waydownward he will get no glance from her. There is another line at which thedress of a man will cause her to study her own. This line the individual at herelbow now marked for Carrie. She became conscious of an inequality. Her ownplain blue dress, with its black cotton tape trimmings, now seemed to hershabby. She felt the worn state of her shoes.
“Let’s see,” he (Drouet) went on,“I know quite a number of people in your town. Morgenroth the clothier andGibson the dry goods man.”
“Oh, do you?” she interrupted;aroused by memories of longings their show windows had cost her.
At last he had a clew to herinterest, and followed it deftly. In a few minutes he had come about into herseat. He talked of sales of clothing, his travels, Chicago, and the amusements of that city.
“If you are going there, you willenjoy it immensely. Have you relatives?”
“I am going to visit my sister,”she explained.
“You want to see Lincoln Park,” he said, “and Michigan Boulevard.They are putting up great buildings there. It’s a second New York--great. So much to see--theatres,crowds, free houses--oh, you’ll like that.”
There was a little ache in herfancy of all he described. Her insignificance in the presence of so muchmagnificence faintly affected her. She realized that hers was not to be a roundof pleasure, and yet there was something promising in all the material prospecthe set forth. There was something satisfactory in the attention of thisindividual with his good clothes. She could not help smiling as he told her ofsome popular actress of whom she reminded him. She was not silly and yetattention of this sort had its weight.
“You will be in Chicago some little time, won’t you?” heobserved at one turn of the now easy conversation.
“I don’t know,” said Carrievaguely -- a flash vision of the possibility of her not securing employmentrising in her mind.
“Several weeks, anyhow,” he said,looking steadily into her eyes.
There was much more passing nowthan the mere words indicated. He recognized the indescribable thing that madeup for fascination and beauty in her. She realized that she was of interest tohim from the standpoint, which a woman both delights in and fears. Her mannerwas simple, though for the very reason that she had not yet learned the manylittle affectations with which women conceal their true feelings. Some thingsshe did appeared bold. A clever companion--had she ever had one--would havewarned her never to look a man in the eyes so steadily.
“Why do you ask?” she said.
“Well, I’m going to be thereseveral weeks. I’m going to study stock at our place and get new samples. Imight show you round.”
“I don’t know whether you can ornot. I mean I don’t know whether I can. I shall be living with my sister,and--”
“Well, if she minds, we’ll fixthat.” He took out his pencil and a little pocket note-book as if it were allsettled. “What is your address there?”
She fumbled her purse whichcontained the address slip,
He reached down in his hip pocketand took out a fat purse. It was filled with slips of paper, some mileagebooks, a roll of greenbacks. It impressed her deeply. Such a purse had neverbeen carried by anyone attentive to her. Indeed, an experienced traveler, abrisk man of the world, had never come within such close range before. Thepurse, the shiny tan shoes, the smart new suit, and the air with which he did things,built up for her a dim world of fortune, of which he was the center. Itdisposed her pleasantly toward all he might do.
41. What has probably been written about the man before thispassage?
A. how he sold clothesto the girl.
B. how he was dressed.
C. what he talkedabout dressing.
D. how he commented onthe girl’s clothes.
42. The girl went to Chicagomainly to _____.
A. travel.
B. visit her sister.
C. buy clothes.
D. pursue a new life.
43.What about the girl is true?
A. It was her firsttime to visit Chicago.
B. She was very shy.
C. She was from awealthy family.
D. She had no interestin the man.
44.Which inference about the man is NOT true?
A. He was a travelingsalesman.
B. He was welldressed.
C. He was a seriousperson.
D. He was going tovisit the girl soon.
45.What tone does the author use when he writes about the girl?
A. admiring
B. ironic
C. approving
D. sympathetic
TEXT D
“I WOULDN’T want to have someonetake my daughter to a hospital for an abortion or something and not tell me. Iwould kill him if they do that.” So much for Arnold Schwarzenegger’s typicallyexpressive support for Proposition 73, a constitutional amendment requiringdoctors to give parents 48 hours’ notice before carrying out an abortion on agirl under 18.
Will the voters agree with thegovernor? His own status--erstwhile hedonist tamed responsible father of twoteenage girls and two pre-teen boys--reflects his state’s mixed feelings aboutsexual politics. Californiais one of the most sexually liberated states in the nation. It also boasts thefilth-worst rate for teenage abortions and the seventh for teenage pregnancies.In 2000, some 116,000 teenagers in Californiabecame pregnant, and almost 44,000 of them chose to have an abortion--including1,620 under the age of 15. A recent Field Poll showed 45% of respondents in favourof the amendment, 45% against and 10% undecided.
The proposition’s advocates arecareful to argue that supporting parental notification is not the same asopposing abortion full stop. Mr. Schwarzenegger is a “pro-choice Republican”and the proposition would allow a minor to petition a court to allow her anabortion without notifying a parent. The real point, they say, is that a17-year-old girl “can’t get an aspirin from the school nurse, get a flu shot,or have a tooth pulled without a parent knowing”, but a 13-year-old cart have asurgical or chemical abortion without her parents’ knowledge. And since amajority of the prospective fathers are over 21, the current system in effectcondones statutory rape.
Opponents, including theCalifornia Nurses Association and Planned Parenthood, are unconvinced. As aneditorial in the Los Angeles Times argued: “It’s nice to think that all girlsfeel comfortable talking to their parents about sex, birth control andabortion. Nice, but absurd.” Equally absurd, add other opponents, is the notionthat a pregnant teenager from an abusive family will have the gumption to go tocourt--rather than to some backstreet operator--to seek her abortion. And theysuspect the proposition is the start of an effort to ban alt abortions: insteadof speaking of a fetus, the proposition defines abortion as causing the “deathof the unborn child”.
Just how parental notificationwould affect the rate of teen pregnancies and abortions is an open question.Some 34 states require some parental involvement in a minor’s decision to end apregnancy, but there is no hard-and-fast correlation with the number ofabortions. For example, New Mexico and New Hampshire require noparental notification, but according to the Alan Guttmacher Institute, which studiesreproductive health, they ranked 18th and 25th in the rate of teen abortions in2000. By contrast, Wyoming and Florida, which do havenotification laws, ranked 14th and 7th. And even if notification laws deterabortions, they do not seem to deter teen pregnancies: Texas, for example, is ranked 26th inabortions for girls aged 15-19 but fifth in pregnancies for that age group.
This last statistic matters for California, where themain problem is teens getting pregnant in the first place. Roughly a quarter ofCalifornia’s 14-year-olds and three-fifths of its 17-year-olds have had sexTrue, according to the Public Policy Institute of California, birth rates fellfrom 73 for every 1,00015-19-year-olds in 1991 to just 44 in 2001. ButCalifornia’s teenage girls become mothers at between 4 and 12 times the rate oftheir peers in France, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands and Japan; the figures forblacks and Latinas in the state are particularly appalling. Whatever your viewson abortion, these statistics add up to an awful lot of heartache.
46. Which of the following statements about Arnold Schwarzeneggeris TRUE?
A. He was electedgovernor of California10 years ago.
B. He used to attachmuch importance to personal enjoyment.
C. He has beenthinking of solving sexual problems for long.
D. He has troubleswith his two daughters and two sons.
47.Which of the following statements about California is NOT true?
A. California is asexually liberated state.
B. California has ahigh abortion rate.
C. About 40% of the pregnantteenagers chose to have an abortion.
D. A recent pollshowed that less than half of the respondents supported the amendment.
48. Some people are in favor of the proposition because they think_____.
A. it may reduce thenumber of teenage pregnancies.
B. it might protectgirls from being raped.
C. the current law isnot fair to all girls.
D. the current law isattacked by many parents.
49. Those who are against the proposition suspect that it may leadto _____.
A. a protest ofteenage girls.
B. full stop ofabortion.
C. more cases of childabuse.
D. serious socialproblems.
50.The best title for the passage would probably be _____.
A. Hard Decisions toMake.
B. A ConstitutionalAmendment.
C. TeenagePregnancies.
D. The State of California.
TEXT E
A lot of people think we could beheaded for trouble by tampering with Mother Nature and producing geneticallyaltered food. But those who promote genetically modified foods say it’s no moreunnatural than traditional selective breeding, to say nothing about syntheticfertilizers and chemical pesticides.
Most Canadians regularly eatbioengineered food. Anyone who consumes cheese, potatoes, tomatoes, soybeans,corn, wheat, and salmon is taking in genetically modified (GM) food. Inaddition, 75% of processed foods contain GM ingredients. In fact, around 65% ofthe food we get from the shops has some genetically modified component. GM fooddoes not have to be labeled as such in Canada, so most of us don’t knowwe’re eating it. Some of the items that have a high likelihood of containing GMmaterial might surprise you. They include chocolate bars, baby food, margarine,canned soup, ice cream, salad dressing, yogurt, cereals, cookies, and frozenFrench fries. And, there’s nothing new about this.
Farmers and plant breeders haveused genetically modified foods for centuries; if they hadn’t, we’d probablystill be eating grass instead of wheat. They’ve refined the foods we eatthrough selective crossbreeding, combining different types of wheat, forexample, and eliminating weaker varieties. Today, genetic engineering ischanging the nature of plant breeding even more: it’s no longer just a case ofmixing different varieties of the same species. Now, genes from completelydifferent life forms are being combined-fish genes into tomatoes to make thelatter more frost resistant, for example.
Such “tampering with Nature” makesa lot of people anxious. They wonder if the foods that come out of geneticmodification are safe for human consumption. Scientists say they are completelysafe; GM is just a way of adding genes to plants to make it possible for themto survive without the use of pesticides and to increase yields. But, thenon-believers point out that scientists said that nuclear power, the toxicinsecticide DDT, and a host of other things, were also completely harmless.
Fans of agricultural biotechnologythink producing GM food is a move in the right direction, that it willultimately improve health, the environment, and the economy. They’re convincedit will solve the world’s hunger problems by boosting the nutritional contentof foods, lead to a drop in pesticide and herbicide use, and result in moreefficient and profitable farming. Critics say it could also create superweedsand insects, disrupt global food systems, destroy ecological diversity, putsmall farms out of business, and cause long-term environmental problems. Allthat aside, they think consumers have a right to know what is in their food.
After all, GM products do posesome problems. In 1998, a researcher at the Rowett Institute for Agriculture inAberdeenannounced to the world that genetically engineered potatoes did some nastythings to the rats they were tested on. The potatoes were engineered to producea molecule which is a natural insecticide that makes them resistant to aphids.But, the rats that ate the potatoes didn’t grow as large as normal rats andwere less resistant to disease. Further research showed that the added gonewasn’t the only cause for concern: the genetic-engineering process itself was causingsome serious problems in the development of organs such as the kidney andspleen.
Some genetic modifications havebeen clearly beneficial. For example, one variety of maize has been geneticallymanipulated to produce a natural insecticide that protects it from thecorn-borer moth. Scientists have also developed GM soybeans which are notdamaged by some common herbicides used to kiI1 weeds. What is more, the ratsthat were fed GM potatoes may not have been harmed as a result of the geneticmodification but possibly as a result of the way the potatoes were gown; all inall, there are just too many variables to blame the genetic-engineering processalone. Still, some believe that the potential problems with gene modificationare so well known that existing safeguards, in both America and the European Union, canprevent them.
Supporters of GM foods look on thebright side. According to the International Service for the Acquisition ofAgri-biotech Applications (financed largely by biotechnology firms) the insect-resistantmaize has increased yields in fields where it is planted by 9%. And, theremight be an environmental advantage too. In 1997, 2.8 million hectares of thevariety of maize were planted in the U.S. and farmers were able to avoidusing $190 million worth of insecticide. Herbicide-resistant soybeans alsoneeded less spraying, pumping between 20% and 40% fewer chemicals into theenvironment.
Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER from the passage, answer thefollowing questions.
51. How much of the food Canadians buycontains GM ingredients?
52. What method did farmers use toimprove the quality of crops before genetic modifications became possible?
53. What chemical substances may beless necessary as a result of the genetic modification of agriculturalproducts?
54. List one thing mentioned in thereading passage which can damage crops.
55. List one thing mentioned in thereading passage which crops can be protected from damage by geneticmodification.
PART III WRITING [60MIN](30 POINTS)
With the open door policy, Englishlearning has become a powerful fashion in China. English has become a symbolfor advanced technology, high standard management, even more money, morewisdom. It is used in every field. Some people think Chinese is being enrichedby English, while others think Chinese is being spoiled by English. What do youthink of this? Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic:
Is Chinese Being Enriched or Spoiled by English?
In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your mainargument, and in the second part you should support your argument withappropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written toa natural conclusion or make a summary.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar andappropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a lossof marks.
Write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET.
参考答案及解析
PARTI GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY
1.B 句意：大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病是由人体内分泌失调造成的。此句为believe引导的宾语从句。这里that为连接词，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。
2.A 句意：大多数市场调查的潜在假设是人们总是根据自己对满意度最高的商品的需求做出经济决策。continually表示“一贯如此”，常与现在进行时连用，即are后面接动词ing形式。
3.A 句意：尽管有些鲸类动物生下来就有头发，但大多数哺乳动物是在人生的某一时期长发的。此句主、谓、宾俱全，空中应填定语，即C项可排除。而mammals是泛指，无需用定冠词，故D项可排除。句中没有表达最高级的意思，故B项可排除。
4.D 句意：史前，油料是植物和泥土打磨成粉后加水形成的。考察的是并列结构连词。用and连接前后两个动作grinding和adding，这两个动词词性要保持一致。
5.D 句意：根据海藻的不同特性，植物学家把它们分成7个不同的组别或分支。those是泛指，这里应该用their来特指seven separate groupings ordivisions of algae。
6.B 句意：大片内海附近和温带水域周围雾很常见。A使得句中出现两个谓语动词，且中间无连接词；C应该是either… or…结构，但句中没有出现or；D中where引导的句子不完整。
7.A 句意：船和飞机的领航员通过指南针来确定他们航行的方向。prep+which作为介词宾语，后面接完整的句子。determine后缺宾语，即空格中应填入名词。空格后为一个完整的句子，作为定语从句修饰前面的名词。故A项正确。
8.A 句意：游戏对各个层次的人的发展都很重要，对五六岁的儿童来讲尤其重要。while引导让步状语从句，it在主句中作形式主语。
9.A 句意：樱树在开花的时候都很美丽，那些不结果的品种是专门培育出来用于赏花的。although做连词引导让步状语从句，连接两个完整的句子。
10.D 句意：哥伦布航海时代，美洲土著居民语言种类之多令人惊奇，超过了如今欧洲人的语言种类。A、C项语义不通；B项比较级语序错误。故D项正确。
11.C 句意：他证明了自己有能力继任总理的职位。worthiness是名词。worhwhile和worth是形容词，都只能用来修饰物。worthy既可修饰物也可修饰人。故C项正确。
12.A 句意：这些岛屿的主权问题仍有争议，三国决定下个月举行会议来解决这个问题。sovereighty主权，统治权。right权利。authority官方机构；权威。power权力。
13.A 句意：在震教徒的众多产业、发明和公共事业成果中，最著名的是他们的优质家具。当介词短语置于句首，且谓语动词是系动词时，句子要进行倒装。原句为“The best known of the manyindustries,...is their fine furniture.”
14.B 句意：除了干旱和半干旱的西南地区，大部分北美地区凭借充足的降雨量供养某些连续植被。sufficient充足的；moisture水分，降雨量；sustain保持，供养。A、C、D项语序混乱。
15.C 句意：民间艺术品对日常生活的描绘使它们成为了珍贵的历史来源。make sb./sth.+n/adj意为“使某人或某物成为……”。
16.C 句意：随着办公室变得更加机械化，设计师们正在打算用更温和、不严肃的内部装饰使办公室显得人性化。with表示伴随，意为“随着……”，后接名词或名词性短语。其它三项都不能接名词，只能接句子。
17.A 句意：为了生存，任何盈利组织最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。此句缺少主语。A项为名词性短语，可以作主语，其它三项不能。
18.B 句意：在一连串相同时间间隔下，如果变化速率相同，就会产生匀加速度。If作连词引导条件状语从句。according应加to作为介词短语后接名词。with为介词，under为副词，都不能连接从句。
19.D 句意：管弦乐队中音乐家们的座位是由乐队指挥安排的，为使各种乐器的声音相互融合，产生出理想的混合乐。“is arranged”是被动语态，加by后接动作的发出者。
20.D 句意：虽然美国东南部的核桃最为富足，但北至俄亥俄州和伊利诺州也能发现它们。as+adj+as结构表示“和…一样”，A、B、C项搭配混乱。
21.C 句意：你本应该把牛奶放到冰箱里的，我想它现在已经变质了。根据句意可以推断，由于没有把牛奶放到冰箱里，所以牛奶变质了。现在完成时表示过去的行为对现在的影响，同时by now作为时间状语常用于现在完成时。故选择C。
22.D 句意：当教授忙于写作时，任何人和事都不能使他分心，因为他已经完全沉醉其中。distract from使分心。dislodge from解除某人的职务。remove from从……移开。divert from改道；转移。
23.B 句意：治安法官有权审理民事案件和情节轻微的刑事案件。guidance指导，领导。authority权威，官方。privilege特权，优待。advantage优点，优势。
24.D 句意：基本上每一种理论都是关于语言的结构和功能的。concerned with涉及，关于。concerned to担心；关心。concerned for关心。concerned about担忧；关心。
25.D 句意：科林斯教授对最新的物理学发展一无所知，因为他已经住院好几个月了。be ignorant of不知道，不了解。be unconscious of没有意识到。其它两项搭配错误。
26.C 句意：虽然他有知识和学术背景，但他确实很愚蠢。for all尽管；虽然。according to根据。thanks to幸亏，多亏。
27.D 句意：许多女性主义者攻击哈姆雷特感叹：“脆弱啊，你的名字是女人！”frailty强调意志薄弱。weakness强调身体虚弱；性格懦弱。vulnerability强调易受损害。D项最符合语境。
28.C 句意：听恐怖故事让我浑身起鸡皮疙瘩。make one’s flesh creep固定搭配，意为“使起鸡皮疙瘩，让人毛骨悚然。”climb攀爬。itchy发痒。move移动。
29.A 句意：别相信他这次说的。be taken in被欺骗。be taken over被取代。be taken after与…相像。be taken on采取措施。
30.B 句意：不幸的是他遇上了堵车，晚了几分钟，误了火车。接时间段时，by表示“在…之前”，with表示在“在…之内”，for表示“花了多长时间”。before只能接时间点，不能接时间段。
PART II READING COMPREHENSION
TEXT A
31.A 文章第一段，作者告诉我们美国经济衰退让老年人结束退休生活，在疲弱的劳工市场重新找工作。B、C项与事实不符。D项文中有提及，但与题意不符。故选A项。
32.A 从文章第三段可知，经验工厂是美国最大的非营利性机构，专门为高龄员工提供公共服务、培训及就业的机会。B、C、D项都与事实不符。故A项正确。
33.C 根据第五段：…desperateto find work so they can keep a roof over their heads and food on the table.意思是老年人急于找到一份工作来维持生计。故C项正确。
34.D 从倒数第三段可知，55岁以上的失业率八月份为6.7%，而八月份全国总的失业率为9.7%。可知55岁以上的失业率占大多数。故选D。
35.B 文章最后一段的意思是我们需要为老年人完善政策，提供额外的项目和服务来移除就业时的障碍，帮助他们再就业。即帮助老年人渡过难关。故B项正确。
TEXT B
36.C 文章第一段最后一句告诉我们，当今美国也在山上雕刻了大型雕像。与C项一致。A、B、D项都属于无中生有。
37.D 根据文章第二段第二句：Carved into the side of this mountain are three tremendous equestrianfigures. 即山的一侧雕刻了三个骑马者的雕像。故D项正确。
38.B 根据文章第二段中间部分：It is a memorial to the Confederacy. 即斯通山的雕像是为了纪念南部联邦。故B项正确。
39.D 根据文章第二段最后一句：It was commissioned in 1916 and was begun by Gutzon Borglum. 即雕刻斯通山群像是在1916年筹划，并由Gutzon Borglum开始的。故D项正确。此题易错选A项。从文章第四段第二句可知，Gutzon Borglum的第一个任务是在华盛顿的国会大厦雕刻一尊林肯的雕像。而不是在A项所说的总统山上。
40.C 根据文章第四段最后一句：Some have argued…because the stone on the rest of the mountain is notof good quality for carving. 即因为山的剩余部分质量不太好，不适合做雕刻，所以不可能再雕刻第五座雕像。故C项正确。Ａ、B、D项文中均未提及。
TEXT C
41.B 推理判断题。文章第一段提到，每个女人都有通过穿着判断一个人的能力，这种能力不仅能够让她判断出哪些人值得关注，哪些人不值得；也能让她反观自己的衣着打扮。而嘉莉妹妹看到这个男人之后，开始觉得自己穿的很寒酸。由此可以推断，节选段之前描述了这个男人的穿着。
42.B 细节题。文章第六段，嘉莉妹妹说自己是去拜访姐姐。故B项正确。
43.A 细节题。从两人愉快的交谈和最后嘉莉妹妹欣然告知了自己的地址可以看出，她并不害羞。故B项错误。文章开头写了嘉莉妹妹穿着寒酸，不可能来自一个富有的家庭。故C项错误。文章一开始就说嘉莉妹妹被男人光鲜的外表吸引，故D项错误。
44.D 推断题。根据文章第四段最后一句：He talked of sales of clothing, his travels, Chicago, and theamusements of that city. 他讨论了衣服的销量、旅行见闻和芝加哥的娱乐活动。可知，他是一个旅行商人。故A项可以被推断出。文章最后一段写道：…the shiny tan shoes, the smart new suit…闪亮的棕色鞋子，整洁而崭新的套装。可以推断出他衣着光鲜。D项，对话中男人找嘉莉妹妹要了地址，可以推断他之后会去拜访。从两人的对话中可以看出，这个男人风趣幽默、善于言谈，不是一个严肃的人。故选择C项。
45.B 作者态度题。文中对嘉莉妹妹有这样的描述：Her manner was simple, though for the very reason that she had notyet learned the many little affectations with which women conceal their truefeelings.她举止单纯，也正因为如此，她还不知道怎么像个真正的女人一样隐藏自己的情绪。文章最后一段也提到，她被男人光鲜的外表深深吸引，乐于回应这种引诱。据此可以推断出作者对她的描述是暗含讽刺意味的。
TEXT D
46.B 细节题。文章第二段第二句：His own status--erstwhilehedonist…提到他以前是一个享乐主义者。故B项正确。其它三项在文中均未提到。
47.C 细节题。文章第二段some116,000 teenagers in California became pregnant, and almost 44,000 of themchose to have an abortion--including 1,620 under the age of 15.表明怀孕的青少年中，想要进行流产的人数所占比例只有25%左右。故选择C项。
48.C 细节题。根据第三段倒数第二句：a 17-year-old girl…without her parents’ knowledge.可知支持者的态度。同时，此段最后一句说现在的法律系统赦免了法定的强奸。可以看出主持者认为现在的法律不公平。故C项正确。
49.B 细节题。根据第四段最后一句：And they suspect the proposition is the start of an effort to ban allabortions. 即他们怀疑这个提案会成为禁止所有流产的开端。故B项正确。
50.A 主旨题。文章的第一段就提出了本文旨在说明的问题——未成年少女流产前是否应该让父母知晓。对于这个问题，后面作者对正反两方的观点都进行了说明，但并未给出一个结论。文章最后提到无论你的看法如何，情况还是会恶化下去。由此可以判断，作者的观点是“如何抉择仍然是一个困难的问题”。故A项正确。
TEXT E
51. 65percent of the food Canadians buy contains GM ingredients.
（文章第二段：事实上，我们从商店里买来的食物中大约有65%都含有转基因成分。）
52. They improved the quality of crops by crossbreeding and cuttingweaker varieties.
（文章第三段：他们通过杂交，比如说混合培育不同种类的小麦，和去除不良品种来精炼我们的食物。）
53. Pesticidesmay be less necessary as a result of the genetic modification of agriculturalproducts.
（文章第四段：转基因技术只是将基因加到植物里去，这样一来无须使用杀虫剂也能让它们存活，并提高产量。故有了转基因技术之后，杀虫剂变得不那么重要了。）
54. Herbicidescan damage crops.
（文章第七段：科学家们已经研发出一种转基因大豆，能够不受一些用来除杂草的常用除草剂的损害。由此可推断，除草剂会损害庄稼。）
55. Cropscan be genetically modified to become resistant to aphids.
（文章第六段：转基因土豆能产生一种分子，作为天然杀虫剂，使它们能够抗蚜虫。由此可推断，转基因技术能够使庄稼抗蚜虫。）
PART III WRITING
Is Chinese Being Enriched or Spoiled by English?
With the high pace of globalization, evidence of basic proficiencyin English has become an essential part of the evaluation of an educated man.English is considered superior over Chinese by most of Chinese since thesociety makes greater demands on the former than the latter. This kind ofmisunderstanding leads to the ignorance of Chinese learning and using, whichproves English seriously spoils our mother tongue.
In terms of the standard use oflanguage, we seem to be more generous on Chinese than English. For example,nonstandard pronunciation of Chinese words can be frequently heard, not only inthe street, but also in campus. And what should be noticed is that nobody seemsto take it as a big question. If a child pronounced an English word in thewrong way, teachers will correct him or her immediately. Because we are afraidthat if we don’t pronounce right, foreigners will not be able to understand us.However, inaccurate pronunciation of Chinese, whether under the influence ofaccents or from the incorrect guessing of an unfamiliar character, will in mostcases be taken as nothing serious but a joke. The reason is that most Chinesewould think as long as the communication goes well, there is no need to bepicky.
Also, the poor writing of Chineseis another problem which has long been neglected. How many times do you graspyour pen, ready to write the famous line from a traditional Chinese poem but getstuck? Well, admitting it is not going to be more shameful than you forget howto spell an English word. Under this circumstance, you can simply shrug yourshoulders and say: “Oh, I guess my primary Chinese teacher will be mad at me.”But if you spell “decision” as “decition” in front of your classmates, the embarrassmentand shame would well up within your heart. Because this stupid mistake may makepeople doubt whether your intelligence matches your educational background.
Last but not least, the mixture ofthe two languages will damage the purity of either side. For instance, if youmeet a person who tends to add some English words in Chinese sentences, whatwill you think of him? Well, showing off is not a good habit. But what is evenworse is that he may gradually lose the ability to express his feelingsfluently in only one language. It’s a common phenomenon among overseasreturnees.
In conclusion, English is provedto spoil Chinese through various evidences. And the sooner Chinese’ attitudestowards the degree of importance of the two languages, the sooner the damage toChinese language will be stopped.

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