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目录 封面
内容简介
目录
第一部分 历年真题
2014年全国职称英语等级考试综合类A级真题及详解
2013年全国职称英语等级考试综合类A级真题及详解
2012年全国职称英语等级考试综合类A级真题及详解
2011年全国职称英语等级考试综合类A级真题及详解
2010年全国职称英语等级考试综合类A级真题及详解
第二部分 章节题库
第1章 词汇选项
◆动 词
◆名 词
◆形容词
◆副 词
◆固定词组
第2章 阅读判断
◆社会生活类
◆科普科研类
◆经济商业类
◆历史地理类
◆风土人情类
◆教育文化类
◆人物记述类
◆医疗健康类
第3章 概括大意和完成句子
◆社会生活类
◆科普科研类
◆经济商业类
◆历史地理类
◆风土人情类
◆人物记述类
◆资源环境类
◆医疗健康类
第4章 阅读理解
◆社会生活类
◆科普科研类
◆经济商业类
◆风土人情类
◆艺术文学类
◆教育文化类
◆资源环境类
◆医疗健康类
◆政治法律类
第5章 补全短文
◆科普科研类
◆经济商业类
◆教育文化类
◆人物记述类
◆资源环境类
第6章 完形填空
◆社会生活类
◆科普科研类
◆经济商业类
◆历史地理类
◆人物记述类
◆资源环境类
◆医疗健康类
第三部分 模拟试题
2015年全国职称英语等级考试综合类A级模拟试题及详解（一）
2015年全国职称英语等级考试综合类A级模拟试题及详解（二）
内容简介
??职称英语综合类A级考试题库包括历年真题、章节练习和模拟试题三部分。具体如下：
??第一部分为历年真题。精选5年（2010～2014年）考试真题，考生既可以体验真实考试，也可以测试自己的水平。每道真题均提供名师详细解析。最新历年真题，可免费升级获得。
??第二部分为章节练习。遵循《全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试大纲》和全国职称英语等级考试样题，按照最新的考试题型的章目编排，共分为词汇选项、阅读判断、概括大意和完成句子等6章。
??第三部分为模拟试题。由职称英语（综合类）辅导名师根据历年命题规律及热门考点进行考前预测，其试题数量、试题难度完全仿真。
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第一部分 历年真题
2014年全国职称英语等级考试综合类A级真题及详解
第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. There was an inclinationto treat geography as a less important subject.
A. point
B. tendency
C. result
D. finding
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：有一种趋向认为地理是一门次要的学科。inclination倾向；趋向。tendency倾向，趋势。二者意思相近，可互相替换。point要点。finding发现。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
2. New secretaries came and wentwith monotonous regularity.
A. amazing
B. depressing
C. predictable
D. dull
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：新的秘书不停更换，令人厌烦。monotonous单调的，无变化的，令人厌烦的。dull迟钝的，无趣的。二者意思相近，可相互替换。amazing令人吃惊的。depressing压抑的，使人沮丧的。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
3. The committee was asked to rendera report on the housing situation.
A. furnish
B. copy
C. publish
D. summarize
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：委员会被要求提交关于住房情况的报告。render提出，实施。furnish提供，供应。二者意思相近，可相互替换。copy复制。publish出版。summarize总结。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
4. The group does not advocatethe use of violence.
A. limit
B. regulate
C. oppose
D. support
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：这个组织不主张使用暴力。advocate主张，提倡。support支持。二者意思相近，可相互替换。limit限制。regulate调节，控制。oppose反对。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
5. The original experiment cannotbe exactly duplicated.
A. reproduced
B. invented
C. designed
D. reported
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：最初的实验不能被完全复制。duplicate复制。reproduce再生产。二者意思相近，可相互替换。invent发明。design设计。report报告。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
6. The department deferredthe decision for six months.
A. put off
B. arrived at
C. abode by
D. protested again
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：这个部门将这一决议延期了六个月。defer推迟，延期。put off推迟，拖延。二者意思相近，可相互替换。arrived at到达。abode by遵守。protested again反对，对……提出抗议。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
7. The symptoms of the disease manifestedthemselves ten days later.
A. eased
B. appeared
C. improved
D. relieved
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：十天后，疾病的症状显现了出来。manifest表明，显示。relieved减轻。二者意思相近，可相互替换。ease放松。appear显现。improve提高。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
8. That uniform makes the guards lookabsurd.
A. serious
B. ridiculous
C. beautiful
D. impressive
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：那套制服让门卫看起来很可笑。absurd荒谬的，可笑的。ridiculous荒谬的，可笑的。二者意思相近，可相互替换。serious严肃的。beautiful漂亮的。impressive令人印象深刻的。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
9. Some of the larger birds canremain stationary in the air for several minutes.
A. silent
B. motionless
C. seated
D. true
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：一些体型庞大的鸟可以在空中保持几分钟的静止。stationary静止的，不动的。silent静止的，不运动的。二者意思相近，可相互替换。motionless沉默的，寂静的。seated就坐的，固定的。true真实的。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
10. The country was torn apart bystrife.
A. poverty
B. war
C. conflict
D. economy
【答案】C查看答案
【解析】句意：这个国家因冲突而分裂。strife冲突。conflict冲突。二者意思相近，可相互替换。poverty贫困，缺少。war战争。economy经济，节约。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
11. She felt that she had doneher good deed for the day.
A. act
B. homework
C. justice
D. model
【答案】A查看答案
【解析】句意：她觉得自己做了一件善事。deed行动。act行为，行动。二者意思相近，可相互替换。homework家庭作业。justice司法，正义。model模型，模范。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
12. A person’s wealth is often ininverse proportion to their happiness.
A. equal
B. certain
C. large
D. opposite
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：一个人的财富往往与他们的幸福成反比。inverse相反的。opposite相反的，对立的。二者意思相近，可相互替换。equal平等的。certain必然的，无疑的。large大的，多数的。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
13. His professional career spanned16 years.
A. star
B. changed
C. moved
D. lasted
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：他的职业生涯长达16年。span跨越，持续。last持续。二者意思相近，可相互替换。star开始。change改变。move移动。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
14. His stomach felt hollowwith fear.
A. sincere
B. respectful
C. terrible
D. empty
【答案】D查看答案
【解析】句意：他吓得魂不附体。hollow空洞的。empty空的。二者意思相近，可相互替换。sincere真诚的。respectful恭敬的。terrible可怕的。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
15. This was disaster on a cosmicscale.
A. modest
B. huge
C. commercial
D. national
【答案】B查看答案
【解析】句意：这是塌天大祸。cosmic极广阔的，巨大的。huge巨大的。二者意思相近，可相互替换。modest谦虚的，适度的。commercial商业的，盈利的。national国家的，民族的。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
第2部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
When Our Words Collide
“Wanna buy a body?” That was the opening line of more thana few phone calls I got from freelance (自由职业) photographers when I was a photo editor at U. S. News. Like many in the mainstreampress, I wanted to separate the world of photographers into “them,” who tradein pictures of bodies or chase celebrities, and “us,” the serious news people.But after 16 years in that role, I came to wonder whether the two worlds wereeasily distinguishable.
Working in the reputable world of journalism, I assignedphotographers to cover other people’s nightmares. I justified invading momentsof grief, under the guise(借口) of the reader’sright to know. I didn’t ask photographers to trespass(冒犯) or to stalk(跟踪), but I didn’t haveto: I worked with pros(同行) who did what othersdid; talking their way into situations or shooting from behind police lines toget pictures I was after. And I wasn’t alone.
In the aftermath of a car crash or some other hideousincident when ordinary people are hurt or killed, you rarely see photographerspushing past rescue workers to capture the blood and gore(血腥场面). But you are likely to see the local newspaper and televisionphotographers on the scene—and fast.
How can we justify our behavior. Journalists are taught toseparate doing the job from worrying about the consequence of publishing whatthey record. Repeatedly, they are reminded of a news business dictum(格言) : leave your conscience in the office. “You get thepicture of the footage: the decision whether to print or air it comes later. Avictim may lie bleeding, unconscious, or dead: your job is to record the image.You put away your emotions and document the scene.
We act this way partly because we know that the picturescan have important meaning. Photographs can change deplorable(凄惨的) situations by mobilizing public outrage or increase publicunderstanding.
However, disastrous events often bring out the worst inphotographers and photo editors. In the first minutes and hours after adisaster occurs, photo agencies buy pictures. Often an agency buys a picturefrom a local newspaper or an amateur photographer and put it up for bid bymajor magazines. The most keenly sought “exclusives” command tens of thousandsof dollars through bidding contests.
Many people believe that journalists need to change the waythey do things, and it’s our pictures that annoy people the most. Readers maynot believe, as we do, that there is a distinction between sober minded “us”and sleazy(低级庸俗的) “them.” In too manycases, by our choices of images as well as how we get them, we prove ourreaders right.
16. The writer never got an offerfor a photograph of a dead person.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. The writer was a photographersixteen years ago.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. The writer believes thatshooting people’s nightmares is justifiable.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. News photographers are usuallya problem for rescue workers at an accident.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. Journalist’s aren’t supposedto think about whether they are doing the right thing.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. Editors sometimes have to paya lot of money for exclusive pictures.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. Many people say that they areannoyed by the U. S. News pictures.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
【参考答案及解析】
16.C 本题说“作者从未得到为死者拍照片这样的工作”，但是原文中并没有提到这一点。因此，本题的说法也就没有依据。故选C。
17.B 原文中第一段第二句明确说到，1 was a photo editorat U．S．News由此可知作者曾是图片编辑师，而不是摄影师。因此，本题的说法是错误的。故选B。
18.A 原文中第二段第二句说到I justified invadingmoments of grief, under the guise of the reader’s right to know. 意思是：我以满足读者知情权为借口，揭露别人的不幸。由此可见，作者对此持赞同意见。故选A。
19.B 原文中第三段第一句中说到，you rarely see photographerspushing past rescue workers to capture the blood and gore意思是：你很少能看到摄影师挤过救援人员去捕捉血雨腥风的场面。因此，本题的说法是错误的。故选B。
20.A 原文中第四段第二句说到，Journalists are taughtto separate doing the job from worrying about the consequence of publishingwhat they record.意思是：记者们被教育要努力工作，不必关心他们所记录事实的报道结论。由此可知他们并不会想到自己所做之事是否正确。因此，本题的说法是正确的。故选A。
21.A 原文中第六段最后一句说到，The most keenly sought“exclusives” command tens of thousands of dollars through bidding contests．最敏锐地寻求独家报道，需要数百万的竞价比赛。因此，本题的说法是正确的。故选A。
22.A 原文中最后一段第一句说到，Many people believethat journalists need to change the way they do things，and it’s our picturesthat annoy people the most．许多人认为记者需要转变他们的做事方式，而且我们现在的图片让人们感到极度困扰。因此，本题的说法是正确的。故选A。
第3部分：概括大意和完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
The Storyteller
1. Steven Spielberg has always had one goal: to tell asmany interesting stories to as many people as possible. The son of a computerscientist and a pianist, Spielberg spent his early childhood in New Jersey and then, Arizona. Some of his childhood memoriesbecame the inspiration for his filmmaking.
2. Even decades later, Spielberg says he has vivid memoriesof his earliest years, which are the origins of some of his most successful films.He believes that E. T. is the resultof the difficult years leading up to his parent’s 1966 divorce. He commented, “Itis really about a young boy who was in search of some stability in his life.” Close Encounters of The Third Kind wasinspired by times when the four-year-old Steven and his father would search theskies for meteors(流星). His motherremembers, “He was scared of just about everything. When trees brushed againstthe house, he would jump into my bed. And that’s just the kind of scary stuffhe would put in films like Poltergeist.”
3. Spielberg was 11 when he first got his hands on his dad’smovie camera and began shooting short flicks(电影) about flying saucers (飞碟) and World War Ⅱ battles. Thesenomemade movies, gave him a way to escape his fears. From the very beginning,he had a creative imagination. With his talent for scary storytelling, he couldterrify his three younger sisters. It also made it easier for him to makefriendships. On Boy Scout camping trips, when night fell, young Steven becamethe center of attention. “Steven would start telling his ghost stories,” saysRichard Y. Hoffman. Jr., leader of Troop294,”and everyone would suddenly getquiet so that they could all hear.”
4. Spielberg moved to California’ with his father and went to highschool there, but his grades were so bad that he barely graduated. Both UCLAand USC film schools rejected him, so he entered CaliforniaState Universityat Long Beach because it was close to Hollywood. Spielberg wasdetermined to make movies, and he managed to get an unpaid, non-creditinternship(实习)in Hollywood. Soon hewas given a contract, and he dropped out of college. He never looked back.
5. Now, many years later, Spielberg is still tellingstories with as much passion as when he was a boy. Ask him where he gets hisideas, and Spielberg will shrug, “The process for me is mostly intuitive. “ hesays.” There are films that I feel that I need to make. And it’s for a varietyof reasons, for personal reasons, or because I just want to have fun. Or maybebecause the subject matter is cool, and I think my kids will like it.”
23.Paragraph 1_____
24.Paragraph 2_____
25.Paragraph 3_____
26.Paragraph 4_____
| A. Getting into the Movie Business
B. Inspirations for His Movies
C. An Aim of Life
D. Telling Stories to Make Friends
E. The Trouble of Making Movies
F. A Funny Man
|
27. Some of Spielberg’s mostsuccessful movies came from_____.
28. When Spielberg was a boy, heused to be scared of_____.
29.Spielberg is very good at_____.
30. Spielberg says he makesmovies for_____.
A. making children laugh
B. almost everything
C. a lot of money
D. his childhood memories
E. telling scary stories
F. a number of reasons
|
【参考答案及解析】
23.C 本段第一句说到，Steven Spielberg has alwayshad one goal: to tell as many interesting stories to as many people as possible.StevenSpielberg有过一个目标，尽可能给足够多的人讲足够多的故事。这是本段的主题句。C项An Aim of Life“人生目标”可以准确地概括本段的主要内容。因此本题的正确答案为C。
24.B 本段第一句说到，Even decades later, Spielbergsays he has vivid memories of his earliest years, which are the origins of someof his most successful films.甚至几十年之后，斯皮尔伯格说他仍对早些年的经历记忆深刻，那些经历给了他最初的灵感。这是本段的主题句。B项Inspirations for His Movies“他电影的灵感”可以准确地概括本段的主要内容。因此本题的正确答案为B。
25.D 本段第四、五句说到，he had a creativeimagination. With his talent for scary storytelling, he could terrify his threeyounger sisters. It also made it easier for him to make friendships.斯皮尔伯格天生擅长讲故事，他讲的故事能吓到三个妹妹。他也能轻松地交到朋友。这是本段的主题句。D项Telling Stories to Make Friends“讲故事以交朋友”可以准确地概括本段的主要内容。因此本题的正确答案为D。
26.A 本段倒数第二句说到，Spielberg wasdetermined to make movies, and he managed to get an unpaid, non-creditinternship(实习)in Hollywood.他很快就获得一份合同，于是他从学校辍学。由此可知，他开始了拍电影的尝。A项Getting into the Movie Business“初涉电影行业” 可以准确地概括本段的主要内容。因此本题的正确答案为A。
27.D 根据本文第一段最后一句Some of his childhoodmemories became the inspiration for his filmmaking.他童年的一些记忆成为他电影创作的灵感。由此可知，D项his childhood memories“他童年的记忆” 可以准确地概括本段的主要内容。因此本题的正确答案为D。
28.B 本文第二段倒数第三句说到，他几乎对所有事情都感到害怕。B项almost everything“几乎所有的事情”符合原文，因此本题的正确答案为B。
29.E 本文第三段第四、五句说到，斯皮尔伯格天生擅长讲故事，这使他能交到朋友。由此可知E项telling scary stories“讲恐怖故事”，符合原文意思，因此本题的正确答案为E。
30.F 本文最后一段说到，他认为他需要制作电影，基于很多理由，个人原因，或者仅仅是他想快乐的原因。F项a number of reasons“很多原因”，符合原文意思，因此本题的正确答案为F。
第4部分:阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇The National Trust
The National Trust in Britain plays an increasinglyimportant part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is leftunspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trust has received practicaland moral support from the Government, it is not a rich government department.It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countrysideand historic buildings of Britain.It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support frommembers of the public. Its primary duty is to protect places of great naturalbeauty and places of historical interest.
The attention of the public was first drawn to the dangersthreatening the great old houses and castles of Britain by the death of LordLothian, who left his great seventeenth-century house to the Trust togetherwith the 4500 acre park and estate surrounding it. This gift attracted wide publicityand started the Trust’s “Country House Scheme”. Under this scheme, with the helpof the Government and the general public, the Trust has been able to save andmake accessible to the public about 150 of these old houses. Last year, about 1.75million people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a very smallcharge.
In addition to country houses and open spaces, the Trustnow owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills, nature reserves, 540farms and nearly 2500 cottages or small village houses, as well as some completevillages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb theold village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in theiroriginal 16th century style. Over4000 acres of coastline, woodland, and hillcountry are protected by the Trust and no development or disturbances of anykind are permitted. The public has free access to these areas and is only askedto respect the peace, beauty and wildlife.
Over the past 80 years the Trust has become a big andimportant organization and an essential and respected part of national life. Ithelps to preserve all that is of great natural beauty and of historicalsignificance not only for future generations of Britons but also for the millionsof tourists who each year invade Britain in search of a great historic and culturalheritage.
31.The National Trust is a ______.
A. government agency depending on voluntary service
B. non-profit organization depending on voluntary service
C. government department but is not rich
D. private organization supported by the government
32. The National Trust is dedicatedto ______.
A. preserving the best public enjoyment
B. providing the public with free access to historic buildings
C. offering better services to visitors home and abroad
D. protecting the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings
33. We can infer from Paragraph 2that Lord Lothian ______.
A. donated all his money to the Trust
B. started the “Country House Scheme”
C. saved many old country houses in Britain
D. was influential in his time
34. All the following can beinferred from the passage EXCEPT ______.
A. The Trust is more interested in protecting the 16thcentury houses.
B. Many people came to visit the historic houses saved bythe Trust.
C. Visitors can get free access to some places owned by theTrust.
D. The Trust has a story which is longer than 80 years.
35.The word “invade” in Paragraph 4 is closet in meaning to ______.
A. come in without permission
B. enter with invitation
C. visit in large numbers
D. appear all of a sudden
【参考答案及解析】
31.B 本题问的是国民托管组织的性质。原文第一段第三、四句说到Itis a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside andhistoric buildings of Britain. It is a charity which depends for its existenceon voluntary support from members of the public.由此可知，“国民托管组织是一个志愿者联盟……这是一个慈善机构，他的存在依赖于公众的志愿支持”。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
32 D 本题问的是国民托管组织致力于什么。原文第一段第三句说到，Itsprimary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and places ofhistorical interest..由此可知，这个组织注重英国原生态村落和历史建筑的保护。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
33.D 本题是推断题。原文第二段的第一、二句说到，洛锡安勋爵把他的17世纪的房子和4500英亩的大庭园以及周边的财产都捐给了托管组织。这份礼物引起了广泛的宣扬……”由此可知，洛锡安勋爵在他那个时代是很有影响力的。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
34.A 原文只说到，Its primary duty is toprotect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest. 注重英国原生态村落和历史建筑的保护。全文未提及该组织倾向于保护什么时期的建筑。倒数第二段第一句指出，该组织当前有540个庄园，2500个村舍或农村房屋，也有完好的乡村。由此可知，无法推断的是A选项。
35.C 本题问的是单词意思，本文最后一段最后一句提到，每年有数以百万的游客到英国来观看这壮观的历史和文化遗产。invade对应本句中的the millions of tourists。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
第二篇 A New Strategy toOvercome Breast Cancer
Post-menopausal(绝经后的)women who walk for an hour a day can cut their chance ofbreast cancer significantly, a study has suggested. The report, which followed73,000 women for 17 years, found walking for at least seven hours a week loweredthe risk of the disease. The American Cancer Society team said this was thefirst time reduced risk was specifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was moreevidence that lifestyle influenced cancer risk.
A recent poll for the charity Ramblers found a quarter ofadults walk for no more than an hour a week, but being active is known toreduce the risk of a number of cancers. This study, published in Cancer Epiderniology, Biomarkers Prevention,followed 73,615 women out of 97,785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by theAmerican Cancer Society between 1992 and 1993, so it could monitor theincidence of cancer in the group.
They were asked to complete questionnaires on their healthand on how much time they Were active and participating in activities such aswalking, swimming and aerobics(有氧运动) and how much timethey spent sitting watching television or reading. They completed the samequestionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2009.Of the women, 47%said walking was their only recreational activity. Those who walked for at leastseven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer compared to thosewho walked three or fewer hours per week.
Dr. Alpa Patel, a senior epidemiologist at the AmericanCancer Society in Atlanta, Georgia, who led the study, said: “Giventhat more than 60% of women report some daily walking, promoting walking as ahealthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasingphysical activity amongst post-menopausal women. We were pleased to find thatwithout any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a day wasassociated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women. “More strenuous(紧张的)and longer activities lowered the risk even more.”
Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief executive of Breast CancerCampaign, said: “This study adds further evidence that our lifestyle choicescan play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer and even small changesincorporated into our normal day-to-day activity can make a difference.”
She added: “We know that the best weapon to overcoming breastcancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the first place. The challengenow is how we turn these findings into action and identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.“
36. All of the following factors relatingto cancer risk were mentioned in the passage EXCEPT ______.
A. breathing exercise
B. regular walking
C. recreational activity
D. lifestyle choices
37. It can be inferred from Dr. AlpaPatel’s study that ______.
A. women have fewer chances of physical activity
B. daily walking could cut the chance of breast cancer
C. leisure-time activity is not associated with cancer risk
D. walking is not recommended for women with breast cancer ______.
38.Dr. Alpa Patel was ______.
A. chief editor of Cancer Epidemiology
B. chair of the American Cancer Society
C. head of the survey study
D. chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign
39. Which of the followingstatements is true according to the passage?
A. Most women take walking as their only recreationalactivity.
B. Walking was the only recreational activity for about halfof the women surveyed.
C. The study aims to track the health conditions of itssubjects.
D. Irregular walking increased the risk of breast cancer inpost-menopausal women.
40.The word “sustainable” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.
A. affordable
B. available
C. persistent
D. continuable
【参考答案及解析】
36.A 本文第一段第二句说到，The report, which followed 73,000women for 17 years, found walking for at least seven hours a week lowered the riskof the disease.一周至少徒步7小时会降低患癌几率，可排除B选项。最后一句说到生活方式对影响患癌几率，可排除D选项。第四段最后一句话说到休闲活动可排除C。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
37.B 本题问的是从Alpa Patel博士的研究可以得出什么结论。原文第三段最后一句说到Those who walked for at least seven hours per week had a14% lower risk of breast cancer compared to those who walked three or fewerhours per week.，一周至少徒步七小时的人与一周只步行三小时或者不足三小时的人相比，其患癌几率降低14％”。由此可知，本题正确答案为B
38.C 本题问的是Alpa Patel博士是是谁。原文第四段第一句说到，Dr. Alpa Patel, a senior epidemiologist at the AmericanCancer Society in Atlanta, Georgia, who led the study,由此可知，lpaPatel博士领导这项研究开展。因此，本题正确答案为C。
39.B 原文第四段第一句说到，more than 60% of womenreport some daily walking，超过60％的女性反映将每天的徒步作为增强体育锻炼的有效方式。因此，本题的正确答案是B。
40.D 本题是辨析单词意思。最后一段中的“sustainable”意为“持久的，持续的”，A项意为“负担得起的”；B项意为“可用的”；C项意为“坚持的”；D项意为“持续的”。因此，本题正确答案为D。
第三篇 How We FormFirst Impression
We all have first impression of someone we just met. Butwhy? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anythingabout him or her—aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits?
The answer is related to how your brain allows you to beaware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits.Even very minor difference in how a person’s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placedin relation to each other makes you see him or her as different. In fact, yourbrain continuously processes incoming sensory information—the sights and soundsof your world. These incoming signals are compared against a host of “memories”stored in the brain areas called the cortex(皮质) system to determine what these new signals “mean”.
If you see someone you know and like at school, your brainsays “familiar and safe”. If you see someone new, it says, “new and potentiallythreatening”. Then your brain starts to match features of this strangers withother “known” memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures, andtone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, themore your brain may say, “This is new. I don’t like this person. “ Or else, “I’mintrigued(好奇的)”. Or your brain mayperceive a new face but familiar Clothes, ethnicity, gestures—like your otherfriends; so your brain says: “I like this person”. But these preliminary impressions can be dead wrong.
When westereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike theimmature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categoricalimpressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people—theirhistory, interest, values, strengths, and true character—we categorize them asjocks(骗子), peeks(反常的人),or freaks(怪人).
However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, wehave a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time witha person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of theperson’s character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking—and themost complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.
41. Our first impression ofsomeone new is influenced by his or her ______.
A. past experience
B. character
C. facial features
D. hobbies
42. If you meet a stranger withfamiliar gestures, your brain is most likely to say ______.
A. “He is familiar and safe.”
B. “He is new and potentially threatening.”
C. “I like this person.”
D. “This is new, I don’t like this person.”
43.The word “preliminary” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. simplistic
B. stereotypical
C. initial
D. categorical
44. Our thinking is not matureenough when we stereotype people because ______.
A. we neglect their depth and breadth
B. they are not all jocks, peeks, or freaks
C. our thinking is similar to that of a very young child
D. our judgment is always wrong
45. Which of the followingstatements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
A. One’s physical appearance can influence our firstimpression.
B. Our first impression is influenced by the sensitivity ofour brain.
C. Stereotypical impressions can be dead wrong.
D. We should adopt mature thinking when getting to knowpeople.
【参考答案及解析】
41.C 本题问的是我们对陌生人的第一印象受他们什么因素的影响。原文第二段第二句说到，our brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits.你的大脑对于识别面部特征非常敏感。由此可知，们对其他人的第一印象受脸部特征影响。因此，本题正确答案为C。
42.C 本题问的是如果你遇见一个有熟悉手势的陌生人，你的大脑最有可能会说什么。原文第三段倒数第二句说到，the more your brain may say, "This is new. I don’t likethis person. " Or else, "I’m intrigued(好奇的)". Or your brain may perceive a new facebut familiar Clothes, ethnicity, gestures—like your other friends; so yourbrain says: "I like this person".，“遇到一张陌生面孔，但是有熟悉的衣服、种族、手势……你的大脑会说我喜欢这个人。由此可知，正确答案为C。
43.C 本题考查的是单词辨析。preliminary意思是初步的，开始的。initial原始的。两者词义相近。simplistic简单化，stereotypical老一套的。由此可知，正确答案为C。
44.A 本题问的是当我们对其他人怀有偏见的时候，我们的思想是不够成熟的，因为我们忽略了什么。原文倒数第二段第一、二句说到，当我们对其他人有偏见的时候，我们就会用不够成熟的方式去思考，这使我们把事情考虑得简单化且将别人分成三六九等。而不是进一步了解他们更深层次更广阔的内涵……”。由此处可知，正确答案为A。
45.B 本题问的是以下哪一项最好地描述了本文的中心思想。中心思想必然高度概括总结全文，A项、C项、D项讨论的是文章的细节而并非主要中心内容。B项我们对人的第一印象是受我们大脑敏感性影响的是全文中心思想，故选B。
第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Wrongly Convicted Manand His Accuser Tell Their Story
NEW YORK, NY,January 5, 2010. St. Martin’s Press has announced the release of the paperbackedition of Picking Cotton, a remarkable true story of what novelist JohnGrisham calls an “account of violence, rage, redemption (救赎), and, ultimately forgiveness. “
The story began in 1987, in Burlington, North Carolina,with the rape of a young white college student named Jennifer Thompson. Duringher ordeal, Thompson swore to herself that she would never forget the face ofher rapist, a man who climbed through the window of her apartment and assaultedher brutally. _____ (46) When the police asked her if she could identify theassailant(袭击者)from a book of mugshots, she picked one that she was sure was correct, and later she identifiedthe same man in a lineup.
Based on her convincing eyewitness testimony, a 22-year-oldblack man named Ronald Cotton was sentenced to prison for two life terms.Cotton’s lawyer appealed the decision, and by the time of the, appeals hearing,evidence had come to light suggesting that the real rapist might have been aman who looked very like cotton, an imprisoned criminal named Bobby poole _____(47) Jenniher Thompson looked at both men face to {ace, and once again saidthat Ronald Cotton was the one who raped her.
Eleven years later, DNA evidence completely exonerated(证明.......清白 )Cotton and just asunequivocally(明确的) convicted Poole, whoconfessed to the crime. _____ (48) “The man I was so sure I had never seen inmy life was the man who was inches from my throat, who raped me, who hurt me,who took my spirit away, who robbed me of my soul,” she wrote. “And the man Ihad identified so surely on so many occasions was absolutely innocent.”
_____ (49) Remarkably both were able to put this tragedybehind them, overcome the racial barrier that divided them, and write a book,which they have subtitled “Our memoir of injustice and redemption.”
Nevertheless, Thompson says, she still lives “with constantpain that my profound mistake cost him so dearly _____ (50)”
A. Thompson was shocked and devastated.
B. Another trial was held.
C.I cannot begin to imagine what would have happened had my mistakenidentification occurred in a capital case.
D.During the attack, she made an effort to memorize every detail of his face, lookingfor scars, tattoos (文身), or other identifying marks.
E. Many criminals are sent to prison on the basis ofaccurate testimony by eyewitnesses.
F. Jennifer Thompson decided to meet Cotton and apologizeto him personally.
【参考答案及解析】
46.D 结合上下文可以得知遭遇袭击时，珍妮弗努力记住凶手的每一个特征，这样才能帮助警察找到凶手。D项所说遭遇袭击时，她努力记住对方身上的每个细节，包括脸、寻找伤疤、文身以及其他明显标记。此选项符合上下文逻辑关系，因此，本题正确答案是D。
47.B 空格前文所说起初叫Ronald Cotton的人被逮捕审讯，结果发现他并非真凶，因而抓捕到真凶Bobby Poole后再次举行了审讯。由此可知选项B所说又举行了另一场审讯最为合适。因此，本题正确答案是B。
48.A 结合上下文可以得知，珍妮弗·汤姆森当初努力记住凶手的样子，并在指认环节很确信地指认了Cotton为凶手，没想到多年之后证实Cotton是被冤枉的，因而她感到十分震惊。选项A汤姆森感到极为震惊符合上下文逻辑。因此，本题正确答案是A。
49.F 空格前文说到，"And the man Ihad identified so surely on so many occasions was absolutely innocent.”再结合上下文可知，珍妮弗意识到自己的错误，并决定道歉。因为她的失误而冤枉了Cotton，因而她需要向他道歉。因此，本题正确答案是F。
50.C 根据前后文可知此处应该填入珍妮弗表达愧疚的话，选项C我万万没有想到由于我错误的指认竟然导致了一起死刑案件，符合上下文要求及前后逻辑。因此，本题正确答案是C。
第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)
下面的短文有l5处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Obesity( 肥胖) Causes Global Warming
The list of ills attributable to obesity keeps growing:Last week, obese people were accused of causing global warming.
This _____ (51) comes from Sheldon J acobson of the University of Illinois,US, and a doctoral student, Laura McLay. Their study _____ (52) how much extra gasoline is needed to haul fat Americansaround. The answer, they say, is a billion gallons of gas per year. It_____ (53) an extra 11 million tons of carbon dioxide.
There have been _____ (54) for taxes on junk food in recent years. US economist MartinSchmidt suggests a tax on fast food _____ (55) topeople’s cars. “We tax cigarettes partly because of their health cost”, Schmidtsaid. “Similarly, leading a lazy lifestyle will end _____ (56) costing tax- payers more.”
US political scientistEric Oliver said his first instinct was to laugh at these gas and fast food arguments.But such _____ (57) are getting attention.
At the US Obesity Society’s annual meeting, one person _____ (58) obesity with car accident deaths,and another correlated obesity with suicides. No one asked whether there wasreally a cause- and-effect relationship. “The funny thing was that everyonetook it _____ (59)” Oliver said.
In a 1960s study, children were _____ (60) drawings of children with disabilitiesand without them, and a drawing of an obese child. They were asked _____(61) they would want for a friend? The obese childwas picked last.
Three researchers recently repeated the study _____ (62) college students. Once again,_____ (63) no one, not even obese people, liked theobese person.
But, researchers say, getting _____ (64) is not like quitting smoking.People struggle to stop smoking, and, in the end, many succeed. Obesity isdifferent. Science has shown that they have limited personal control over theirweight. Genes also _____ (65) a part.
51. A. study B. project C.experiment D.conclusion
52. A. doubts B. reports C.calculates D.reviews
53. A. turns B. means C. says D.costs
54. A. calls B.cries C.sounds D.noises
55. A. delivered B. paid C. spent D.collected
56. A. up B.in C.with D.by
57. A. answers B.talks C.claims D.laughs
58.A. mixed B. correlated C. contacted D. involved
59. A. seriously B. well C. hard D.greatly
60. A. bought B. captured C. shown D.made
61. A. what B.where C.why D.which
62. A. seeing B. helping C. using D.surveying’
63. A. about B. as C.almost D.like
64. A. critical B. tall C.thin D.confident
65. A. decide B. play C. produce D.use
【参考答案及解析】
51.D 词义辨析题。此处应填的内容指代第一段话，联系上下文可以得知，只有选项D conclusion结论符合句意。其他选项的意思均不符合，study研究。project课题，项目。experiment实验，试验。因此，本题正确答案是D。
52.C 词义辨析题。.结合上下文可知，句意：这项研究计算了承载肥胖的美国人需要多少额外的汽油。calculate计算。doubt怀疑。report报告。review评论：复习。因此，本题正确答案是C。
53.B 词义辨析题。句意：这意味着每年就有额外的一千一百万的二氧化碳排放出来。mean意味着。turn转变。cost花费。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
54.A 固定搭配题。call for为固定搭配，意为：要求，提倡。符合句意，因此，本题的正确答案为A。
55.B 固定搭配题。pay the tax为固定搭配，意为：交税。结合句意可知，本题的正确答案是B。
56.A 固定搭配题。end up为固定搭配，意为：结束，死亡。end in意思是以……为结果，end with通常为end up with，end by意思是最后以……为结局。综上可知，选项A最符合句意。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
57.C 词义辨析题。句意：然而这样的要求获得关注。claim要求。answer回答。talk说话。laugh大笑。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
58.B 词义辨析题。根据下文出现的correlated一词，可以判断此处需要表示“有关联“的词语。correlate关联。mix混合。contact接触。involve涉及。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
59.A 固定搭配题。take sth．seriously为固定搭配，意为：认真考虑某件事。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
60.C 词义辨析题。show sb．sth．意为：向某人展示。结合上下文可知，本题的正确答案为C。
61.D 语法题。They were asked which theywould want for a friend?该句子为选择性疑问句，此处应该填入which。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
62.C 词义辨析题。句意：研究需要对应的研究对象，三个研究者最近重复做了使用大学生作为研究对象的实验。use使用。最符合句意。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
63.C 词义辨析题。句意：几乎没有人喜欢肥胖的人。almost差不多，几乎。about关于。as因为：当作。like如同，仿佛。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
64.C 词义辨析题。结合文章主题及上下文关系，文章讨论的是肥胖的人。fat的反义词是thin。句意：肥胖者变瘦和吸烟者戒烟不一样。critical批评的。tall高的。confident自信的。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
65.B 固定搭配题。play apart为固定搭配，意为：扮演角色。句意：基因也在其中扮演者角色，即发挥着作用。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
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