新东方小印说考研核心词汇速成胜经

niuniu · 发表于 06-6-21 23:57:37

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 1

一、真题文章(1994年)

The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is of the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of likely breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often careless use of words prevents a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener which interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission---reception system breaks down.
  Moreover，inaccurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be unable to explain or describe in a way that can be understood by his listeners.

二、译文

  与语言相关的，可以讨论的首要的和最小的单位是词。说话时，选词是最重要的。适当的选词可以消除交际过程中可能出现的障碍。用词粗心大意往往阻碍说话人和听话人的思想交流。说话人使用的词汇可能引起听话人的反感，从而干扰其理解。因此，这传输信息——接受信息系统就会中断。

而且，词义不准确或不明确的词使听话人难于听懂传递给他的信息。说话人的常用词汇中如没有详细而精确的词的话，就不可能用听话人能理解的方式进行解释或描述。

三、考研核心词汇

choice / tFCis / n. 选择, 抉择, 精选品, 选择机会, 选择权 adj. 精选的, 上等的, 挑三拣四的, 可选的, 宠爱的, 爱惜的

[例] She had to make a choice between the two dresses.

她得在两件衣服中选择一件。

[同义] alternative ， cream ，decision ，option， pick， preference ，selection

[派生] choose / tFu:z / v. 选择, 选定

[固定搭配] at one's own choice 随意挑选, 自由选择；be choice of 好挑剔的；

utmost / 5QtmEust / n. 极限, 最大可能, 极力 adj. 极度的, 最远的

[例] the utmost ends of the earth 天涯海角

[同义] extreme, farthest ,greatest, most

[固定搭配] at the utmost 至多；do one's utmost 尽全力； make the utmost of ...

充分利用； to the utmost 竭力; 尽力；

reaction / ri(:)5AkFEn / n. 反应, 反作用, 反动(力)

[例] What is his reaction to your proposal? 他对你的建议有什么反应?

[反义] action / 5AkFEn / n. 动作, 作用, 战斗, 行动, 举动, 行为, (戏剧或书中)的情节, (某一地区、领域或团体中)最能产生效果、最有趣、最有刺激性的活动 vt. 对...起诉

[派生] react / ri5Akt / vi. 起反应, 起作用, 反抗, 起反作用

reactive / ri(:)5Aktiv / adj. 反应的, 起反作用的, 反动的, 电抗性的

interfere / 7intE5fiE / vi. 干涉, 干预, 妨碍, 打扰

[例] I was playing with Jane, but Anne interfered and spoiled the game.

我正在和珍妮玩，可是安妮插了进来，把游戏给打乱了。

[同义] arbitrate, encroach, intercede ,interrupt, intervene, intrude, meddle

[派生] interference /7intE5fiErEns/ n. 冲突, 干涉

[固定搭配] interfere in 干涉, 干预； interfere with 妨碍; 干涉, 干扰；

comprehension /7kCmpri5henFEn/ n. 理解, 包含

[例] Reading depends on the comprehension of the ideas expressed by the words used.

阅读有赖于对所用词句所表达的含义的理解。

[同义] apprehension

[反义] incomprehension / in7kCmpri5henFEn / n. 不了解, 不领悟

[派生] comprehensive /7kCmpri5hensiv/ adj. 全面的, 广泛的, 能充分理解的, 包容的

comprehend /7kCmpri5hend/ vt. 领会, 理解, 包括(包含), 由...组成

hence / hens / adv. 因此, 从此

[例] They grew up in the Sudan; hence their interest in Nubian art.

他们在苏丹长大；由是产生了对努比亚艺术的兴趣

[同义] accordingly, away, consequently, elsewhere, from now on, later therefore

[反义] ago / E5^Eu / adv. 以前的, 以往的

transmission / trAnz5miFEn / n. 播送, 发射, 传动, 传送, 传输, 转播

[例] transmission of news 消息的传播

[同义] sending ,transport, transfer, broadcast

[反义] reception / ri5sepFEn / n. 接待, 招待会, 接收

[派生] transmissible / trAnz5misEbl / adj. 可传送的, 可遗传的

transmit / trAnz5mit / vt. 传输, 转送, 传达, 传导, 发射, 遗传, 传播 vi.发射信号, 发报

inaccurate / in5Akjurit / adj. 错误的, 不准确的

[例] There is a slight inaccuracy in this design. 这张设计图中有一点不大准确。

[同义] incorrect , inexact

[反义] accurate / 5Akjurit / adj. 正确的, 精确的

[派生] inaccuracy / in5AkjurEsi / n. 错误

indefinite / in5definit / adj. 模糊的, 不确定的, [语]不定的

[例] an indefinite leave of absence 对在场者的离席无明确限制的

[同义] broad, confused, general, hazy, indistinct, obscure, unclear, vague

[反义] definite / 5definit / adj. 明确的, 一定的

[派生] indefinitely / in5definitli / adv. 不确定地

四、强化练习

1. And price is the number one factor influencing consumers' __________ of vehicle in China, with 98% of respondents naming it, compared with 82% of UK consumers and 83% of those in the U.S.

A. desire    B. conclusion C. choice    D. purpose

2. Although the rain pours down with the ________ relentlessness, ceasing all outdoor activities, the man of the field lifts his face to the heavens and smiles.

A. top    B. utmost    C. graceful    D. dissipated

3. The Romantic Movement, which started as a ________ against the industrial revolution of the century, was born and flourished in Germany, but has not stopped the Germans from being Europe's most successful entrepreneurs and industrialists.

A. constancy B. construction C. convention D. reaction

4. First of all, don’t let your emotions ________ with your vision. Don t see something because you want to see it.

A. interfere    B. interpret    C. consolidate D. comply

5. To prevent local __________ of the disease, mosquito-breeding places must be eliminated.

A. transference B. transmission    C. change D. console

答案： CBDAB

考研英语应试学理论研究连载九：考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 2

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

时间： 2006年02月06日 16:34 作者：教学管理部印建坤来源：新东方教育科技集团总公司

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经 Unit 2

一、真题文章

Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. Neither kind of sleep is at all well-understood , but REM sleep is assumed to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more mysterious .The new experiments, such as these described for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations for the purpose of non-REM sleep .
For example, it has long been known that total sleep deprivation is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet , upon examination of the dead bodies , the animals look completely normal . A researcher has now cast light on the mystery of why the animals die. The rats develop bacterial infections of the blood , as if their immune systems--the self-protecting mechanism against disease--had crashed.

二、译文

睡眠通常被分为所谓的REM睡眠阶段（REM=rapid eye movement眼睛快速运动）和较长非REM睡眠阶段，前者特点为眼球快速转动并做梦。我们对两种形式的睡眠了解都不多，但是人们认为REM睡眠对大脑起某种康复功能的作用。非REM睡眠的作用更加神秘。最近睡眠研究协会在明尼阿波利斯举行的会议上，专家们首次描述的一些新实验，对非REM睡眠的作用的阐释令人兴奋。

例如，人们早已了解到，完全剥夺其睡眠对老鼠具有100%的致命性，然而，在检查老鼠尸体时，这些动物看上去完全正常。一研究人员已阐明这些动物死亡原因的奥秘。老鼠患血液细菌感染，似乎他们的免疫系统（抵抗疾病的自我保护机制）已崩溃。

三、考研核心词汇

characterize / 5kArIktEraIz / vt. 表现...的特色, 刻画的...性格

[例] This kind of behavior characterizes the criminal mind.

这种举止是罪犯的心理特征。

[同义] depict, describe, distinguish, picture, portray, represent

[派生] characterization / 7kAriktErai5zeiFEn / n. 描述, 人物之创造

assume / E5sju:m / vt. 假定, 设想, 采取, 呈现

[例] The queen assumed a velvet robe. 王后穿了一件天鹅绒长袍

[同义] adopt, believe, presume. put on, suppose, suspect

[反义] conclude / kEn5klu:d / v. 结束, 终止, 决定, 作出结论

vt. 推断, 断定, 缔结, 议定

[派生] assumed / E5sju:md / adj. 假定的, 假装的, 装的

restorative / ri5stC:rEtiv / adj. 有助于复元的 n. 滋补剂

[例] a restorative tonic 有恢复作用的滋补品

[派生] restore / ris5tC: / vt. 恢复, 使回复, 归还, 交还, 修复, 重建

function / 5fQNkFEn / n. 官能, 功能, 作用, 职责, 典礼, 仪式, [数]函数

vi. (器官等)活动, 运行, 行使职责

[例] Growth is a function of nutrition . 长身体是由营养决定的。

[同义] act, ceremony, exercise, gathering, operate, perform

[派生] functional / 5fQNkFEnl / adj. 功能的

[固定搭配] public function 盛大的公共集会, 正式社交集会；

social function 盛大的公共集会, 正式社交集会；

purpose / 5pE:pEs / n. 目的, 意图, 用途, 效果, 决心, 意志

vt. 打算, 企图, 决心

[例] He went to town with the purpose of buying a new television.

他进城的目的是买一台新电视机。

[同义] aim, design, determination, goal, intention, object

[派生] purposeful / 5pE:pEsful / adj. 有目的的

[固定搭配] on purpose 故意地；有意地； to good purpose 有益地，有成效地

to little purpose or to no purpose几乎徒劳的，少有成效地

deprivation / 7depri5veiFEn / n. 剥夺

[例] deprivation of civil rights 剥夺公民权

[派生] deprival /di5praivEl/ n. 剥夺

deprive / di5praiv / vt. 剥夺, 使丧失

fatal /5feitl/ adj. 致命的, 重大的, 命运注定的, 不幸的, 致命的, 毁灭性的

[例] “It is fatal to enter any war without the will to win it” (Douglas MacArthur).

“不抱赢的希望参加战争，那是必死无疑的” （道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟）。

[同义] deadly, destructive, disastrous, fateful, important, killing

[派生] fatally / 5feItElI / adv. 致命地, 宿命地, 不幸地

bacterial / bAk`tIErIEl / adj. 细菌的

[例] bacterial diseases. 细菌性疾病

[派生] bacteria / bAk5tiEriE / n. 细菌

immune / i5mju:n / adj. 免疫的

[例] The criminal was told he would be immune from punishment if he helped the police.

罪犯被告知说,如果他协助警方,就可以免受惩罚。

[同义] clear, exempt, free, resistant

[反义] liable / 5laiEbl / adj. 有责任的, 有义务的, 易...的, 有...倾向的, 负有责任的, 很有可能的

susceptible / sE5septEbl / adj. 易受影响的, 易感动的, 容许...的

n. (因缺乏免疫力而) 易得病的人

[派生] immunize / `ImjU:naIz / v. 使免疫, 赋予免疫性

crash / krAF / n. 碰撞, 坠落, 坠毁, 撞击声, 爆裂声

v. 碰撞, 坠落, 坠毁, (指商业公司, 政府等)破产, 垮台

[例] The elephant crashed through the forest. 大象冲进森林。

[同义] break, shatter, smash, strike

[派生] crasher / `krAFE(r) / n. 猛击, 不速之客

[固定搭配] on a crash basis 紧[应]急地； with a crash 轰隆一声；

firnhome · 发表于 09-10-13 08:42:07

不会吧~难道没有电子版下载？

静柔啊 · 发表于 09-8-2 22:37:57

貌似还有呢~~

chinamike · 发表于 09-5-21 15:44:26

好资料。最好能提供下载！

fuyaowin · 发表于 09-5-20 12:46:42

我是2010年的考生翻出07年印老师的课件来听知道了他的小印说考研里有很好的核心词汇背诵
多亏了楼主好心的传上来
要不这么好的资料都丢失了……
谢谢楼主哦！！！^^

niuniu · 发表于 06-6-22 00:09:53

4.    What\'s more, living in school can save them a great deal of time on the way between home and school everyday, so they would be able to ______ more time and energy on their academic work.

A. contract    B. connect C. delete    D. concentrate

5.    Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about ____ impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.

A. deteriorated B. profound    C. rot    D. contextual

6.    Some argue that the evaporation of the bubble of IT economy is the signal of the end of the game. I think they may be right to some _____.

A. extent    B. domain    C. region    D. category

7.    \"I am sure that vast majority of ordinary Muslims feel a sense of immense outrage and _______ and shame at the attacks,\" said Muslim Ibrahim Kamahl.

A. contribution B. devoted    C. praise    D. sympathy

8.    The combination of Information Home for Farmers with rural specialized associations helps improve the ______ for market of these associations and increased the compatibility of agricultural products.

A. doom    B. sensitivity C. capability D. sensation

9.    From these results, the scientists developed a mathematical model to describe the _______ stability of wet sand.

A. greedy    B. graceful    C. eloquent D. inherent

10. As a _______ of globalization, road transport links do not stop at frontiers of continents, said Martin Marmy , IRU\'s secretary-general, at the conference.

A. eminent    B. contemporary C. consequence D. content

答案：DACDB ADBDC

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 35

一、    真题文章（1995年text 5）

That experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such as effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words. So-called intelligent behavior demands memory , remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences .

　　Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can seem to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when one\'s memory of an emotionally painful experience lead to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.

　　In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer, for example ,learned behavior that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. This forgetting seems to serve that survival of the individual and the species.

Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage ( input) and forgetting (output) . Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offers gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance.

二、    译文

过去的经历能影响随后的行为，这种显而易见但却十分重要的行为叫做记忆。如果没有记忆这种功能，学习行为就不可能发生。不断的饿练习对记忆产生影响，使我们能够熟练地演奏钢琴，背诵诗歌，阅读和理解文字。所谓的智力行为需要记忆，记忆也是推理的基础。解决问题能力，甚至识别问题的能力，都要依靠记忆。例如，作出穿越马路的决定就是建立在此前经历的记忆的基础之上的。

练习（或者复习）能够建立和巩固对事情或学到的知识的记忆。如果一段时间没有练习，学到的东西就可能忘掉，这种适应的结果可能并不明显，但是突然性的遗忘就可以看作是适应的结果了。从这个意义上来说，遗忘的能力可以理解成，是在动物的自然选择过程中保留下来的。确实如此，一段令人痛苦的记忆会导致严重的焦虑不安，这时遗忘可以缓解痛苦。然而，这种解释很难真正让人了解，普通的缓慢遗忘过程是怎样从自然选择的过程中保留下来的。

在考虑记忆的进化问题时，可以思考一下，如果记忆永远不会淡忘，那会出现什么情况呢？很显然，遗忘有助于时间上的调整，因为旧的记忆会褪色，而新的记忆会变的更加明显，使我们能够推测事情发生的时间先后。如果不遗忘，人的适应能力就会受到破坏，比如：十年前正确的行为十年后可能已经不再正确了。在一些病历中，有的人遗忘的太少（和普通人相比），以至于他们的行为充满了混淆。这样看来，遗忘似乎有助于个人和整个人类的生存。

另一种猜想是存储记忆的系统的容量是有限的，因此通过遗忘灵活地进行调整。在学习或者记忆存储（输入）和遗忘（输出）之间不断进行着调整。实际上，有证据表明一个人遗忘的速度和他学习的速度是直接相关的，这些数据完全证明了当代的输入-----输出平衡的记忆模式。

三、    考研核心词汇

influence / 5influEns / n. 1影响, 感化, 势力；有影响的人(或事)2(电磁)感应 vt. 影响, 改变

[例] My parents considered my friend to be a bad influence on me.

我父母认为我朋友对我有不良影响

[同义] affect ， induce， move ，persuade ，prejudice， sway

subsequent / 5sQbsikwEnt / adj. 后来的, 并发的

[例] subsequent events 随后发生的一些事件

[同义] following ，later， next

[反义] previous / 5pri:vjEs / adj. 在前的, 早先的 adv. 在...以前，返回上一级菜单

[派生] subsequence / 5sQbsikwEns / n. 后继, 随后

evidence / 5evidEns / n. 1明显, 显著, 明白2迹象, 根据, [物]证据, 证物

[例] Can you show me any evidence for your statement?

你能给我看你供词的证据吗？

[同义] clue ，data， indication ，proof ，sign

[派生] evident / 5evidEnt / adj. 明显的, 显然的

evidently / 5evidEntli / adv. 明显地, 显然

obvious / 5CbviEs, -vjEs / adj. 明显的, 显而易见的

[例] Indeed, there are many obvious advantages to a five-day week.

的确,实行五天工作制有许多明显的优点。

[同义] apparent ，clear ，distinct， evident ，explicit manifest， plain

[反义] obscure / Eb5skjuE / adj. 暗的, 朦胧的, 模糊的, 晦涩的

vt. 使暗, 使不明显

[派生] obviously / 5RbvIEslI / adv. 明显地

nevertheless / 7nevETE5les / conj. 然而, 不过 adv. 仍然, 不过

[例] She was very tired, nevertheless she kept on working.

她虽然很疲倦，可仍在继续工作。

[同义] although ，anyway ，but ， regardless

remarkable / ri5mB:kEbl / adj. 不平常的, 非凡的, 显著的

[例] Your work has been remarkable this week.

这星期你的工作很出色。

[同义] exceptional ，extraordinary ，great ， notable， noteworthy， special [派生] remark / ri5mB:k / n. 备注, 评论, 注意, 注释 vt. 评论,

注意, 谈及 vi. 谈论

function / 5fQNkFEn / n. 1官能, 功能, 作用, 职责2典礼, 仪式, [数]函数

vi. (器官等)活动, 运行, 行使职责

[例] The old machine won\'t function properly if you don\'t oil it regularly.

那台旧机器如果不经常加油是不能正常运转的。

[同义] act， ceremony ，exercise， gathering ，operate ，perform， rite， ritual ，serve ，service， work

[派生] functional / 5fQNkFEnl / adj. 功能的

constant / 5kCnstEnt / n. [数、物]常数, 恒量 adj. 不变的, 持续的, 坚决的

[例] An absolute constant is fixed and can not be changed.

绝对常数是固定而不可以改变的。

[反义] inconstant / in5kCnstEnt / adj. 变化无常的

[派生] constantly / 5kRnstEntlI / adv. 不变地, 经常地, 坚持不懈地

recitation / resI5teIF(E)n / n. 朗诵, 背诵, 叙述, 背诵的东西

[例] Recitation works for several reasons: First, when you know you are going to recite something in your own words, you pay more attention. Second, you get immediate feedback.

背诵有几个理由：第一，当你知道你将要用自己的话来背诵些东西的时候你就会更加注意。第二，你能够立刻得到反馈。

[派生] recite / ri5sait / v. 背诵, 朗读, 叙述, [律]书面陈述(事实)

recital / ri5saitl / n. 朗诵, 背诵, 叙述, 独奏会, 独唱会

intelligent / in5telidVEnt / adj. 聪明的, 有才智的, [计]智能的

[例] The most intelligent students do additional reading to supplement the material in the textbook.

最聪明的学生用增加阅读量来补充课本的内容。

[同义] aware ，bright， perceptive， rational ，sensible， understanding

[派生] intelligence / in5telidVEns / n. 智力, 聪明, 智能

reasoning / 5ri:zEniN / n. 推理, 评理, 论证 adj. 推理的

[例] His close reasoning gave fibre to his argument.

他严密的逻辑使他的论点强劲有力。

[派生] reason / 5ri:zn / n. 理由, 原因, 动机, 理智, 前提 vt. 说服, 推论, 辩论 vi. 推论, 劝说, 思考

reasonable / 5ri:znEbl / adj. 合理的, 有道理的, 通情达理的, 讲道理的

maintain / men5tein / vt. 1维持；维修, 供养2主张

[例] He failed again and again simply because he had maintained his defeatist attitude.

因为他一直坚持失败主义的态度,所以失败了一次又一次。

[同义] bear， keep ，possess ，preserve ， retain， save， support sustain， uphold

[反义] abandon / E5bAndEn / vt. 放弃, 遗弃 n. 放任, 狂热

[派生] maintenance / 5meintinEns / n. 维护, 保持, 生活费用, 扶养

adaptive / E5dAptiv / adj. 适应的

[例] What we can do is to develop our adaptive abilities to deal with the situation .

我们所能做的就是培养自己的适应能力去适应这种情况。

[派生] adapt / E5dApt / vt. 使适应, 改编

adaptable / E5dAptEbl / adj. 能适应的, 可修改的

instance / 5instEns / n. 1实例2建议, 要求3情况, 场合 vt. 举...为例；获得例证

[例] There are many instances of good people and good deeds nowadays.

现时好人好事的例子很多。

[同义] case ，circumstance， example ，occasion

[固定搭配] at the instance of 应…的请求；for instance 例如，举例说；

anxiety / AN^5zaiEti / n. 忧虑, 焦急, 渴望, 热望

[例] For some people, air travel is a real anxiety.

对一些人来说，飞机旅行是真正使他们焦虑的

[反义] ease / i:z / n. 安逸, 安心, 不费力, 悠闲 vt. 使悠闲, 使安心, 减轻, 放松 vi. 减弱, 减轻, 放松, 灵活地移动

[派生] anxious / 5ANkFEs / adj. 观念的, 担忧的, 渴望的, 盼望的

relief / ri5li:f / n. 1(痛苦等的)减轻2债务等的)免除3救济, 调剂, 安慰

[例] I felt great relief when I heard I had passed the examination.

听说我已经通过了考试，感到轻松多了。

[同义] aid， alleviation ，alternate， assistance， ease， freedom ， release

[派生] relieve / ri5li:v / vt. 减轻, 解除, 援救, 救济, 换班

relievable / ri5li:vEbl / adj. 可减轻的

gradual / 5^rAdjuEl / adj. 逐渐的, 逐步的, 渐进的

[例] There has been a gradual increase in the number of families owning refrigerators.

拥有电冰箱的家庭数一直在逐步增加。

[同义] little by little， slow

[派生] gradually / 5^rAdjJElI / adv. 逐渐地

fade / feid / vi. 1(声音等)减弱下去, 褪色2枯萎, 凋谢 vt. 使褪色

n. 淡入, 淡出 adj. 乏味的, 平淡的

[例] The lights and music faded as we set sail from the harbor.

当我们从海港起航时，光线逐渐变暗，音乐声逐渐减弱

[同义] bleach， decline， dim， droop， dull， fail ， weaken

[反义] bloom / blu:m / n. 花, 旺盛, 青春 v. (使)开花, (使)繁盛

clue / klu: / n. 线索

[例] The police found a clue which will help them catch the robber.

警察发现了能帮助他们抓住强盗的线索。

[同义] evidence， hint， key ，lead ，proof，sign

duration / djuE5reiFEn / n. 持续时间, 为期

[例] We hope the war will be short duration.

我们希望战争是短期的。

[同义] period， term ，time

confusion / kEn5fju:VEn / n. 混乱, 混淆

[例] Words like“ believe” and “receive” are a source of confusion in spelling.

诸如 believe和 receive 这样的词在拼写上容易混淆。

[反义] order / 5C:dE / n. 1次序, 顺序, 正常(工作)状态, 秩序2会议规则3命令, 定购, 定单 vt. 命令, 定购, 定制

[派生] confuse / kEn5fju:z / vt. 搞乱, 使糊涂

confused / kEn5fju:zd / adj. 困惑的, 烦恼的

species / 5spi:Fiz / n. 种类, (原)核素 n. [律]式样 n. [宗]圣餐物

[例] Some species of animals have become extinct because they could not adapt to a changing environment.

\"有一些动物已经灭种了,因为它们不能适应环境的变化。\"

[同义] class ，group， kind， sort ，type， variety

assume / E5sju:m / vt. 1假定, 设想2采取, 呈现

[例] I assume you always get up at the same time.

我想你总是在同一个时间起床。

[同义] adopt， believe， presume ，put on ，suppose ，suspect， think

[反义] conclude / kEn5klu:d / v. 结束, 终止, 决定, 作出结论 vt. 推断, 断定, 缔结, 议定

[派生] assumption / E5sQmpFEn / n. 假定, 设想, 担任, 承当, 假装, 作态

flexibility / 7fleksE5biliti / n. 弹性, 适应性

[例] The flexibility of a man\'s muscles will lessen as he becomes old.

人老了肌肉的柔韧性将降低。

[派生] flexible / 5fleksEbl / adj. 柔韧性, 易曲的, 灵活的

adjustment / E5dVQstmEnt / n. 1调整, 调节2调节器

[例] The government decided to make minor adjustments in oil prices .

  政府决定对石油价格略做调整。

[派生] adjust / E5dVQst / vt. 调整, 调节, 校准, 使适合

gross / ^rEus / adj. 总的, 毛重的 n. 总额 vt 总共赚得

[例] The company grossed over $5000000 last year.

该公司去年总共获利在500万美元以上。

[同义] total ， vulgar，whole

[反义] net / net / n. 1网, 网络, 网状物2净利, 实价 adj. 净余的, 纯的vt. 用网捕, 净赚, 得到 vi. 编网

contemporary / kEn5tempErEri / n. 同时代的人 adj. 当代的, 同时代的

[例] Shelley and Keats were contemporaries.

雪莱和济慈是同一时代的人

四、    强化练习

1．By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide ________ over art.

A. influence    B. consultant    C. access    D. expect

2．In 1976, something truly ________ happened to the Olympic Flame – it was transformed into an electric pulse, the pulse was then transmitted to an orbiting satellite, and finally, it was converted into a laser beam to relight the Flame!

A. civil    B. remarkable    C. national D. false

3．A dead chicken that has waited four days in Macedonia for its trip to a British laboratory equipped to check it for ________ of bird flu is finally getting a flight out, courtesy of the Royal Air Force.

A. show    B. exhibition    C. diversion    D. evidence

4．China flew a 49-member rescue team and tons of materials to Pakistan yesterday as a first batch of _______ to its quake-hit neighbor.

A. sink    B. relief    C. cherish    D. devote

5．Too many policymakers and intelligence officers mistake secrecy for intelligence and ______ that information covertly(偷偷摸摸地) acquired is superior to that obtained openly.

A. assume B. deviate C. flee       D. fluctuate

6．______ reigned for hours after the disaster, reflecting sometimes inefficient government in this West African nation of 130 million people and its freewheeling air transport system in which a dozen local airlines fly from chaotic airports where crowds fight over seats in planes.

A. Fling    B. Confusion C. Designation D. Capital

7．We wonder that age should be feeble and querulous, -- that the freshness of youth should______ away.

A. increase    B. deal    C. give    D. fade

8．Gains in Asia were led by demand for juice drinks such as Orange Pulp by Minute Maid in China, a country that had 9.1 percent _____ domestic product growth last year and which now represents 4 percent of Coke’s global volume.

A. heavy    B. gross    C. little    D. light

9．It also said it would invest another US$500 million to ______ its 9 percent stake in CCB when it is listed.

A. maintain    B. balance    C. weigh    D. measure

10. Scientists say they have found more bones in an Indonesian cave that offer additional evidence of a second human ______ short and hobbit-like that roamed the Earth the same time as modern man.

A. species    B. races    C. tribes    D. aspeccts

答案：ABDBA BDBAA

niuniu · 发表于 06-6-22 00:09:48

reliable / ri5laiEbl / adj. 可靠的,可信赖的

[例] It\'s not reliable to judge a man only by his looks.

单凭容貌来判断一个人是不可靠的。

[同义] dependable， devoted ，faithful， loyal ，safe，trustworthy

[反义] unreliable / 5Qnri5laiEbl / adj. 不可靠的

aspect /5Aspekt / n. 样子, 外表, 面貌, (问题等的)方面

[例] The building has a southern aspect. 那座建筑是朝南的。

[同义] appearance ，look ，view

subconscious / 5sQb5kCnFEs / adj. 下意识的

[例] I found it fascinating to learn that the subconscious mind can control our buying habits. 我发现潜意识能够控制我们的购买习惯，这是非常神奇的。

casual / 5kAVjuEl / adj. 偶然的, 不经意的, 临时的

[例] The casual newspaper reader wouldn\'t like long articles on serious subjects every day.

随便看看报纸的人不愿每天看那些有关严肃主题的长文章。

[同义] accidental， chance ，informal， natural，unexpected

[反义] planned /plAnd/ adj. 计划了的, 根据计划的

quantity / 5kwCntiti / n. 量, 数量

[例] Mathematics is the science of pure quantity. 数学是纯粹研究数量的科学。

[同义] amount， measure， multitude， number， portion， sum ，volume

[反义] quality / 5kwCliti / n. 质量, 品质, 性质

[派生] quantify / 5kwCntifai / vt. 确定数 v. 量化

storage / 5stCridV/ n. 贮藏(量), 贮藏库, 存储

[例] We have storage in the attic. 我们在顶楼有储藏室。

[派生] store / stC:, stCE / vt. 贮藏, 贮备, 存储 n. 1商店, 店铺2贮藏, 贮备

delivery /di5livEri / n. 1递送, 交付2分娩 n. [律] 财产等的正式移交发送,传输

[例] There is no delivery of letters on Sundays.

星期日不送信。

[同义] dispatch , transmission

[派生] deliver / di5livE / vt. 递送, 陈述, 释放, 发表(一篇演说等), 交付, 引渡, 瞄准, 给予(打击)

data /5deitE / n. datum的复数, [计] 资料, 数据

[例] I’m afraid you have not sufficient data .

  我想你没有足够的资料。

file / fail / n. 1文件, 档案, 文件夹2锉刀 vt. 1 把...归档, 提出(申请等)2锉, 琢磨 vi. 列队行进, 用锉刀锉

[例] Here\'s our file on the results of the business in the past five years.

这是我们过去五年来经营成绩的案卷。

[同义] catalog ，categorize， classify， grind， group ，march， parade，

telecommunication / 5telikEmju:ni5keiFEn / n. 电讯, 长途通讯, 无线电通讯, 电信学

[例] Telecommunications is an important area of professional growth.

电信学是增加专业知识的重要领域

via / 5vaiE, 5vi:E/ prep. 经, 通过, 经由

[例] I sent a message to Mary via her brother. 我托玛丽的兄弟把信带给她。

bombard / 5bCmbB:d / vt. 炮轰；轰击

[例] The spokesman was bombarded with questions on the press conference.

新闻发布会上那位发言人遭到了连珠炮般的发问。

[同义] attack ，open fire ，shell ，torpedo

multitude /5mQltitju:d / n. 1多数2群众

[例] He has a multitude of friend. 他有许多朋友。

instant /5instEnt / adj. 立即的, 直接的, 紧迫的, (食品)速溶的, 方便的, n. (某一)时刻瞬息; 霎时 [口]可速食的食物; 速溶饮料

[例] He paused for an instant. 他停了一会儿。

[同义] immediate ，moment， pressing ，prompt

[派生] instantly / 5instEntli / adv. 立即地, 即刻地

occurrence / E5kQrEns/ n. 1发生, 出现2事件, 发生的事情

[例] the occurrence of an accident 意外的发生

[同义] event , happening , incident

[派生] occur / E5kE: / vi. 发生, 出现

expertise / 7ekspE5ti:z / n. 专家的意见, 专门技术

[例] We admired the expertise of the racing driver .

  我们很欣赏那赛车手的高超技术。

[同义] knowledge

teleconferencing / teli5kCnfErEnsiN / n. 电信会议

[例] Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.
通过远程会议，专家知识可以在全世界范围内被分享，而争论的问题能够得到解决，同时相关人员也不必离开他们的家庭或工作跑到一个遥远的开会地点。

dispute / dis5pju:t / v. 1争论, 辩论, 怀疑2抗拒, 阻止 n. 争论, 辩论, 争吵

[例] Our team disputed the visitors\' claim to the championship.

我们队伍与客队争夺锦标

[同义] argue, bicker, contest ,debate, fight, oppose ,quarrel ,resist

[反义] agree / E5^ri: / vi. 同意, 赞成...的意见, 与...一致, 承认, 适合

vt. 同意

[派生] disputation / 7dispju(:)5teiFEn / n. 争论, 驳斥, 议论

[固定搭配] in dispute with 与…有争议；under dispute 在争论中；在辩论中；

participant / pB:5tisipEnt / n. 参与者, 共享的 adj. 参与的

[例] participants in a card game 参加玩纸牌的人

[派生] participate / pB:5tisipeit / vi. 参与, 参加, 分享, 分担

   participation / pB:7tisi5peiFEn / n. 分享, 参与

facilitate / fE5siliteit/ vt.（不以人作主语的）使容易, 使便利, 推动, 帮助, 使容易, 促进

[例] It would facilitate matters if you were more co-operative

你再合作些，事情就会变得更容易。

[同义] assist ，ease， help ，speed

[反义] hinder / 5hindE / adj. 后面的 v. 阻碍, 打扰

[派生] facilitation / fE9sIlI`teiFEn / n. 简易化, 助长

complexity / kEm5pleksiti / n. 复杂(性), 复杂的事物, 复杂性

[例] The complexity of the road map puzzled me.

错综复杂的公路图把我搞糊涂了。

[同义] complication

[反义] simplicity / sim5plisiti / n. 简单, 简易, 朴素, 直率

[派生] complex / 5kCmpleks / adj. 复杂的, 合成的, 综合的 n. 联合体

accurate / 5Akjurit/ adj. 正确的, 精确的

[例] Is this watch accurate？这只表准吗?

[同义] perfect

[反义] inaccurate / in5Akjurit / adj. 错误的, 不准确的

[派生] accuracy / 5AkjurEsi / n. 精确性, 正确度

critical / 5kritikEl / adj. 1评论的, 鉴定的, 批评的2危急的, 临界的

[例] A critical temperature of water is 100 ℃, its boiling point at standard atmospheric pressure.

在标准大气压力下，水的沸点为100 ℃

[同义] crucial， decisive ，faultfinding ，pressing，urgent

[反义] complimentary / 7kCmpli5ment(E)ri / adj. 问候的, 称赞的, 夸奖的, 免费赠送的

[派生] criticize / 5kritisaiz / v. 批评, 责备

四、强化练习

1.    The world is full of _____ networks that scientists would like to better understand---human social systems, for example, or food webs in nature. But discerning patterns of organization in such vast, complex systems is no easy task.

A. signal    B. distinct    C. dizzy    D. complicated

2.    As Internet users quickly discover, an enormous amount of health information is available online. Finding _____ and reliable information on genetic and rare diseases among the millions of online sources is a difficult task for almost everyone.

A. accurate    B. easy    C. invalid    D. abundant

3.    RESOLVE of Ohio, Inc. is a chapter of a national nonprofit organization that provides education, advocacy, and support for those who experience infertility or need information about any ______ of family building or infertility resolution .

A. fashion    B. vogue    C. aspect    D. fatigue

4.    Any institution that evaluates a faculty member on volume of publication without considering the quality of the work does not deserve to be considered a university. Thus, I vigorously reject the notion that in an expanding age of knowledge, reduction of the ______ of scholarship published is a viable solution.

A. quantity    B. quality    C. patent    D. fare

5.    Pickering is grateful for the federal largesse, even as many of his Republican ______ raise alarms about the government’s exploding deficit spending.

A. classmates B. students    C. fancy    D. colleagues

6.    I shall limit my remarks about a ______ to the scholarly journals portion of the problem. While scholarly journals are not all of the problem, they are the most acute part of it.

A. deprive    B. deny    C. solution    D. descend

7.    How many times have you bought something that consciously you knew you couldn’t afford, but _______ you imagined the pleasure and positive emotions you would receive as a result of buying it?

A. consequently B. artificially C. subsequently D. subconsciously

8.    Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas said he would_______ Ariel Sharon with demands at a forthcoming Middle East summit and reiterated calls on Palestinian movements to stop carrying weapons in public and internal fighting in the Gaza Strip.

A. collide    B. bombard C. crash    D. deprive

9.    With over 100 articles and original pieces, the encyclopedia provides a comprehensive survey of _______ education and lifelong learning.

A. informal    B. conditional C. transient D. confidential

10. The meeting’s emphasis is on the nature of the specific contractual bonds between _________.

A. conducts    B. actions    C. participants D. juries

答案：DACAD CDBAC

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 34

一、    真题文章（1995年text 4）

Personality is to a large extent inherent——A-type-parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.

　　One place where children soak up A-characteristics is school , which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the \'win at all costs\' moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system , in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides , the first marathon runner , dropped dead seconds after saying: \' Rejoice, we conquer! \'

　　By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable , but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.

　　Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A-youngsters change into B\' s. The world needs A types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child\' s personality to his possible future employment . It is top management .

If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions , especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. B\'s are important and should be encouraged.

二、    译文

性格从很大程度上来说是遗传的——A性格的父母通常养育的儿女也是A性格的。但是环境一定也起了很重要的作用，因为如果竞争对父母是重要的，那么竞争在子女的生活中也是一个重要的因素。

养成A类性格的地方之一就是学校，从本质上说，学校是一个高度竞争的机构。有太多的学校把“不惜一切赢取胜利”作为道德标准，并夸耀成就来衡量他们的胜利。现在，学校热情地鼓励孩子们和同学竞赛与时间赛跑，这就产生了一个两层系统，在这个系统里，其中有竞争意识的A性格学生似乎在很多方面都优于B性格的学生。但是，对胜利太热衷也会导致危险的结果：还记得第一个马拉松运动员Pheidippides，在说完“欢庆吧，我们胜利了！”之后，就倒下死掉了。

到目前为止，学校竞争中最糟糕的形式是对考试的过分强调。很少有学校允许学生专注于自己擅长的事情。用考试来竞争的优点在某种程度上是值得怀疑的，但是明知道会失败还要参加竞争，这对学生的影响是非常不好的。

显然，让A性格的年轻人全部转变为B性格的，这样做既不切实际，也不值得。这个世界需要各种各样的性格，学校有一个重要的职责就是使学生的性格能适合他们将来可能的职业，这才是管理的最高境界。

如果学校对学业的关注少一些，而多花些时间来培养学生的价值观。也许挑选护理专业（尤其是医药专业）的从业人员时，可以更少的考虑些化学的成绩高低，而更多的考虑些细心和同情心这样的因素。只从A性格的人里挑选医生，这显然不对，B性格的人也很重要，也应该加以鼓励。

三、    考研核心词汇

extent / iks5tent / n. 1广度, 宽度, 范围, 程度2 [律]<英>扣押, <美>临时所有权令

[例] I agree with you to some extent.

我部分地同意你。

[固定搭配] to some extent 某种程度上

inherent / in5hiErEnt / adj. 固有的, 内在的, 与生俱来的

[例] Polarity is inherent in a magnet.

极性是磁铁的固有性质。

[同义] existing， instinctive ，internal， natural

[反义] acquired / E5kwaiEd / adj.已获得的, 已成习惯的, 后天通过自己的努力得到的

offspring / 5RfsprIN; (?@) 5C:f- / n.1(单复数同形)儿女, 子孙, 后代2产物

[例] the offspring of modern times 近代的产物

[同义] child ，descendant ，young

profound / prE5faund / adj. 深刻的, 意义深远的, 渊博的, 造诣深的

[例] We had a profound lesson in ideological education yesterday.

昨天我们上了一堂深刻的思想教育课。

[同义] deep ，extreme， great， intense， serious

[反义] shallow / 5FAlEu / adj. 浅的, 浅薄的

soak / sEuk / v. 浸, 泡, 浸透 n. 浸透

[例] The speaker paused to let her words soak in.

讲话者暂停了一下，以便她的话被人们理解

[同义] drench ，saturate， sop ，steep， wet

[反义] dry / drai / adj. 干的, 干燥的, 口渴的 vt.(使)干燥, (使)变干

v.干燥

characteristic / 7kAriktE5ristik / adj. 特有的, 表示特性的, 典型的

n.特性, 特征

[例] What are the characteristics that distinguish the Chinese from the

Japanese?

中国人区别于日本人的特征是什么?

[派生] character / 5kAriktE / n.(事物的)特性, 性质, 特征(的总和), 品质, 字符, 性格, 特征, 人物vt.写, 刻, 印, 使具有特征

institution / 7insti5tju:FEn / n. 1公共机构, 协会2制度

[例] Marriage became an institution in ancient societies.

婚姻在古代社会就已经成为一种制度。

moral / 5mCrEl / adj. 道德(上)的, 精神的n. 道德

[例] \"The old gentleman claimed himself to be a very moral man, who

had never told a lie in his life.\"

\"这位老先生声称自己是个很有道德的人,他一生中从未说过一次谎。\"

[同义] ethical , honorable, virtuous

[反义] immoral / i5mCrEl / adj.不道德的, 邪恶的, 放荡的, 淫荡的

[派生] morality / mR5rAlItI/ adj. 道德的 n. 道德

current / 5kQrEnt / adj. 1当前的, 通用的, 流通的, 现在的 2草写的,

n. 1 涌流, 趋势2电流, 水流, 气流

[例] Newspapers influence the current of thought.

报纸影响思想潮流。

[同义] flow, happening ,present, prevalent ,stream

[派生] currency / 5kQrEnsi / n. 流通

passion / 5pAFEn / n. 激情, 热情

[例] His skills as a player don\'t quite match his passion for the game.

他的水平与他对这项游戏的酷爱程度不太相配

[同义] affection, enthusiasm ,fervor, fondness, love

[派生] passionate / 5pAFEnit / adj.充满热情的

keen / ki:n / adj. 1锋利的, 敏锐的, 敏捷的2热心的, 渴望的

[例] A keen north wind was blowing.

刮着刺骨的北风。

[同义] acute ,bright ,clever , quick, sharp

[反义] blunt / blQnt / adj. 钝的, 生硬的

consequence / 5kCnsikwEns / n. 结果, [逻]推理, 推论, 因果关系, 重要的地位

[例] As a consequence of being in hospital, Shelly decided that she wanted

to become a nurse.

由于在医院的缘故，谢莉决定当一名护士。

[反义] cause / kC:z / n. 原因, 动机, 理由, 根据, 目标, 理想, 事业 vt. 引起, 惹起, 使(发生), 促成

[派生] consequent /5kCnsikwEnt /    adj. 作为结果的, 随之发生的

consequently / 5kRnsIkwEntlI / adv. 从而, 因此

rejoice / ri5dVCis / v. (使)欣喜, (使)高兴, 喜悦

[例] I rejoice to hear your success.

听到你的成功我很高兴。

[同义] celebrate , cheer, delight , encourage , inspire

[反义] grieve / ^ri:v / v. (使)悲痛, (使)伤心, 忧伤

conquer / 5kCNkE / vt.1 征服, 战胜, 占领2克服(困难等), 破(坏习惯等)

[例] \"According to the textbook of history, the Normans conquered England

in 1066.\"

据历史书记载诺曼底人于一零六六年占领了英格兰。

[同义] crush , defeat , overtake , triumph , vanquish , win

[反义] surrender / sE5rendE / vt. 交出, 放弃, 使投降, 听任 vi.投降, 自首 n. 交出, 放弃, 投降

disproportionate / 7disprE5pC:FEnit / adj. 不成比例

[例] a supply in disproportion with the demand 供求的不均衡

[反义] proportionate / prE5pC:FEnit / adj. 成比例的 v. 成比例

rare / rZE / adj. 1稀罕的, 杰出的, 珍贵的2(肉类)半熟的 adv. 非常

[例] That bird is very rare in this country.

那种鸟在这个国家很稀有。

[同义] infrequent, peculiar, scarce, sparse, uncommon , unusual

[反义] dense / dens / adj. 密集的, 浓厚的

concentrate / 5kCnsentreit / v. 集中, 浓缩

[例] We concentrated on the task before us.

我们专注于眼前的任务

[同义] focus , intensify , strengthen

[反义] distract / dis5trAkt / v. 转移

merit / 5merit / n. 1优点2价值 v. 有益于

[例] There\'s little merit in passing the driving test if you don\'t have a car of

your own.

\"如果你没有自己的汽车,通过驾驶考试也没什么价值。\"

[同义] excellence , fineness, goodness , quality , value , worth

[反义] defect / di5fekt / n. 过失, 缺点

youngster / 5jQNstE / n. 年青人, 少年

[例] In fact, fashion clothes had become indispensable part of youngster\'s life.

  事实上时尚服装已成为年轻人生活当中不可缺少的一部分。

[同义] child, kid, minor , youth

[反义] oldster / 5EuldstE / n. 老人

preoccupation / pri(:)7Ckju5peiFEn / n. 1当务之急2出神3令人全神贯事物

[例] Money was their chief preoccupation.

钱是他们所专注的东西

academic / 7AkE5demik / adj. 学院的, 理论的

[例] He has no academic qualifications, but he is highly educated .

他没有正式的学历，但他的学问是很高深的。

[派生] academy / E5kAdEmi / n. (高等)专科院校, 研究院, 学会, 学术团体, 学院

sensitivity / 5sensi5tiviti / n. 敏感, 灵敏(度), 灵敏性

[例] tactile sensitivity 触觉

[派生] sensitive / 5sensitiv / adj. 敏感的, 灵敏的, 感光的

sympathy / 5simpEWi / n. 同情, 同情心

[例] I have been a prisoner, so I have a lot of sympathy with other people

in prison.

我曾经是个犯人，因此我对其他在监狱里的人深表同情。

[同义]compassion，condolence，mercy， pity

[反义]antipathy / An5tipEWi / n. 憎恶, 反感

[派生] sympathetic / 7simpE5Wetik / adj. 有同情心的, 合意的, 赞成的

n. [解]交感神经, 容易感受的人

exclusively /Ik5sklu:sIvlI/ adv. 排外地, 专有地

[例] This sample room is exclusively for women.

这试衣室仅供妇女使用。

[反义] inclusively adv.包含地, 在内地

[派生] exclusive / iks5klu:siv / adj. 1排外的, 孤高的, 独占的, 唯一的2高级的

四、    强化练习

1.    Stewart initially said she doubted her trip would be approved in time but Canadian immigration officials, ______ to avoid a public relations faux pas(失礼), contacted her office to say she would quickly get the permit if she applied for one.

A. dull    B. obsolete C. nearly    D. keen

2.    By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their ______ studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.

A. academic B. classic C. empty    D. desolate

3.    My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows. To begin with, it is urgent to create nature reserves. Secondly, certain _____ wild animals that are going to be extinct should be collected, fed and reproduced artificially. Finally, those who hunter them must be punished severely.

A. common B. ordinary C. rare    D. seen

niuniu · 发表于 06-6-22 00:09:36

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 32

一、    真题文章（1995年text 2）

There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language---all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.

　By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process , the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept .

　　In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may \"fail\" at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we\'re shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think we\'re slow to adapt to change or that we\' re not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.

These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making .

二、    译文

对成长的看法基本上有两种：一种把成长看成是结果，一种把它看成是过程。人们大多把个人成长看成是容易识别和衡量的外部结果。工人得到了晋升，学生的成绩有了提高，外国人学会了一门新语言——所有这些都是取得了能显示出他们努力的可衡量结果的例子。

相比之下，个人成长的过程却比较难以确定，因为从定义上可以看出，它是一个旅程，而不是旅程中特定的标志或里程碑。这个过程指的并不是道路本身，而是人们在遭遇新的体验和预料不到的挫折时的态度和情感，勇气和忧虑。在这个过程中，这一旅程永远没有终点，总是有新的体验，新的尝试和新的挑战。

为了实现个人成长，探索新道路，人们需要有愿意冒风险的精神，人们要有勇于面对未知的世界的精神，人们要有敢于接受开始时也许就会失败的可能性。我们在探索新路的时候如何看待自己，这对我们的成长能力是至关重要的。我们是否认为自己头脑灵活、好奇心强？如果是这样，我们会更愿意冒风险，更愿意尝试不熟悉的体验。我们是否认为自己羞怯而缺乏主见？如果这样，那么胆怯会使我们犹豫、行动缓慢，在迈出一步之前总是先要确定路况是否安全。我们是否认为自己调整自我以适应变化很慢，或我们是否认为自己不够聪明，无法迎接新的挑战？这样的话，我们可能会采取更加被动的态度，或者根本就不去尝试新的事物。

如果我们要去改变自我并成长的话，这些不安全感和自我怀疑都是不可避免的和必经的。如果无法面对和克服这些内心的恐惧和疑虑，如果我们对自己过分保护，那我们就会停止成长，我们就会作茧自缚。

三、    考研核心词汇

external / eks5tE:nl / adj. 1外部的, 客观的, [医]外用的2外国的

n. 外部, 外面

[例] An internal sense of righteousness dwindles into an external concern for reputation? A. R. Gurney, Jr.)

“内心的正义感变成对外在名誉的关心”(小A.R.格尼)

[同义] exterior ， outer， outside， surface

[反义] internal / in5tE:nl / adj. 内在的, 国内的

measure / 5meVE / n. 1尺寸, 量度器, 量度标准2方法, 测量, 措施 vt. 1测量, 测度, 估量2分派, 权衡, 调节 vi. 量

[例] 1测量：The standard kilogram is maintained as a measure of mass.

标准的千克是测量质量的量度

  2较量She measured her power with that of a dangerous adversary.

她拿自己的力量和危险的敌手进行较量

[同义] appraise ，assess ，compare， estimate ，grade， rank ，rate ，size

[固定搭配] measure up （常与to连用）合格；符合（标准）

contrast / 5kCntrAst / vt. 使与...对比, 使与...对照 vi. 和...形成对照 n. 对比, 对照, (对照中的)差异

[例] My new school was a welcome contrast to the one before.

我的新学校比以前的好多了。

[同义] compare， liken， match， measure

definition /7defi5niFEn / n. 1定义2解说3 精确度, (轮廓影像等的)清晰度

[例] Good photographs have definition. 好的照片都很清晰。

[派生] define / di5fain / vt. 定义, 详细说明

definite / 5definit / adj. 明确的, 一定的

specific / spi5sifik / n. 1特效药2细节 adj. 1详细而精确的, 明确的2特殊的, 特效的, [生物]种的

[例] I want a specific answer.

我想要一个明确的回答。

[同义] definite ，fixed， particular ，precise， special

[反义] general / 5dVenErEl / n. 1普通2将军3概要 adj. 1一般的, 普通的2综合的, 概括的, 全面的, 大体的 n. 常规

[派生] specify / 5spesifai / vt. 1指定2详细说明, 列入清单

specification / 7spesifi5keiFEn / n. 详述, 规格, 说明书, 规范

signpost / 5saInpEJst/ n. 路标

[例] We usually put up signposts on the highway for the drivers.

我们经常在高速公路上为司机们设立些路标。

landmark / 5lAndmB:k / n. 1(航海)陆标, 地界标, 里程碑2划时代的事

[例] The Potala Palace is Tibet’s cardinal landmark and a structure that deserves a place as one of the wonders of eastern architecture.

布达拉宫是西藏标志性的建筑，它能被认为是东方建筑的奇迹之一。

[同义] milestone ，point

attitude / 5Atitju:d / n. 1姿势, 态度，意见

[例] People\'s attitude towards the skyscrapers varies widely.

人们对这些摩天大楼的态度很不相同。

[同义] opinion ，position ，standpoint ，viewpoint

encounter / in5kauntE / v. 遭遇, 遇到, 相遇 n. 遭遇, 遭遇战

[例] The young scientists encountered many difficulties during their exploration.

年轻的科学家们在探险期间遇到了许多困难。

[同义] battle， collide， come across， confront ，meet， oppose

obstacle / 5CbstEkl / n. 障碍, 妨害物

[例] We combat obstacles in order to get repose? Henry Adams).

“为了获得歇息，我们与困难斗争”（亨利·亚当斯）。

[同义] barrier， block， deterrent ，hindrance ，hitch， impediment obstruction， snag ，stoppage

[反义] help / help / n. 帮忙, 补救办法, 助手, 治疗, <美>佣工 vt. 帮助, 助长, 接济, 治疗, 款待 vi. 有用, 救命, 招待

challenge / 5tFAlindV / n. 挑战 vt. 向...挑战

[例] He challenged me to play another tennis game.

他向我挑战要我跟他再打一场网球。

[同义] confront, dare ,defy ,dispute, doubt ,question

[派生] challenging / 5tFAlindViN / adj. 引起挑战性兴趣的, 挑逗的

risk / risk / vt. 冒...的危险 n. 冒险, 风险

[例] His action risked a sharp reprisal.

他的行为冒着极可能遭到报复的危险

[同义] chance, endanger ,expose, gamble ,hazard ,imperil, jeopardize ,venture

[反义] safety / 5seifti / n. 安全, 保险, 安全设备, 保险装置

[固定搭配] run[take] the risk of doing sth. 冒险做某事；take no risks 慎重行事；

at risk 在危险中；

confront / kEn5frQnt / vt. 使面临, 对抗

[例] I wish to confront my accuser in a court of law.

我希望和控告我的人当庭对质

[同义] encounter, face , oppose

[派生] confrontation / 7kCnfrQn5teiFEn / n. 面对, 面对面, 对质

essential / i5senFEl / adj. 1本质的, 实质的, 基本的2提炼的, 精华的

n. 1本质, 实质2要素, 要点

[例] What is the essential difference between these two economic systems?

这两种经济体制的本质区别是什么?

[同义] basic, fundamental, important, necessary , needed, required , vital

[派生] essence / 5esns / n. 基本, [哲]本质, 香精

perceive / pE5si:v / vt. 察觉 v. 感知, 感到, 认识到

[例] I perceived that I could not make her change her mind.

我发觉我不能使她改变她的主意。

[同义] detect, distinguish, experience, feel make out, observe, recognize sense

[派生] perception / pE5sepFEn / n.理解, 感知, 感觉, DPS公司出的数字影像压缩卡

perceptive / pE5septiv / adj. 有理解的

tend / tend / vi . 趋向, 往往是 vt. 照管, 护理

[例] People under stress tend to express their full range of potential.

处于压力下的人容易发挥自己全部的潜力。

[同义] administer, attend , bend , care for, foster, help , incline

[派生] tendency / 5tendEnsi / n. 趋向, 倾向

indecisive / 7 indi5saisiv / adj. 非决定性的

[例] There are no indecisive boundaries between the two opinions.

这两种意见界线分明。

[反义] decisive / di5saisiv / adj. 决定性的

timidity / ti5miditi / n. 胆怯

[例] His timidity prevented him from asking her to the dance .

  他由于胆怯没敢邀请她去参加舞会。

[派生] timid / 5timid / adj. 胆小的, 羞怯的

hesitate / 5heziteit / v. 犹豫, 踌躇, 不愿

[例] He hesitated before he answered because he didn\'t know what to say.

他在回答之前犹豫了一下，因为他不知道说什么。

[同义] falter， flounder， let up ，pause， rest， waver

[反义] dare ，decide ，determine

[派生] hesitation / 7hezi5teiFEn / n. 犹豫, 踌躇

cope / kEup / vi. (善于)应付, (善于)处理

[例] She is not a competent driver and can\'t cope with driving in heavy traffic.

\"她不是个能干的司机,在交通拥挤时就开不好车。\"

[同义] face， put up ，struggle

insecurity / 7insi5kjuEriti / n. 不安全, 不安全感

[例] The child’s feeling of insecurity was caused by his mother’s early death .

  这孩子无依无靠的感觉是由于他母亲早死所造成的。

[反义] security / si5kjuEriti / n. 安全

[派生] secure / si5kjuE / adj. 安全的, 可靠的, 放心的, 无虑的 v. 保护

unavoidable / 5QnE5vCidEbl / adj. 不能避免的, 不能取消的

[例] an unavoidable accident 必然会发生的事故

[同义] certain， inescapable， inevitable ， sure

[反义] avoidable / E5vCidEbl / adj. 可避免的

overcome / 7EuvE5kQm / vt. 战胜, 克服, 胜过 vi. 得胜

[例] We were overcome with joy. 我们喜出望外。

[同义] conquer ，defeat， drive off， frustrate， overpower， surmount

[反义] submit / sEb5mit / v. 使)服从, (使)顺从 vt. 提交, 递交

cease / si:s / v. 停止, 终了

[例] We worked without cease to get the project finished on time.

我们不停地生产以便按时完成计划

[同义] discontinue， end， halt， quit ，stop

[反义] begin / bI5^In/ v. 开始, 首先

[固定搭配] cease out 绝迹； cease to be 不再是；cease to be in force 失效；

cease to be in effect 失效；

四、强化练习

1.    We ______ the length of a race in meters, but the length of the long jump event in feet and inches.

A. abandon B. discard C. attain    D. measure

2.    There are 18.2 million Americans with diabetes(糖尿病) -- and nearly one-third of them (or 5.2 million people) do not know it! Take this test to see if you are at ______ for having or developing diabetes.

A. risk    B. gate    C. edge    D. safety

3.    Defining disability is difficult because there are dozens of ______ – each with a purpose to it.

A. definitions B. consumption C. associations D. attendance

4.    If you ever need anything please don\'t _______ to ask someone else first.

A. think    B. assure    C. hesitate    D. agree

5.    \"It\'s more difficult for unwed(未婚的) mothers to get married, and if they do, they ____ to not marry well,\" said Zhenchao Qian, associate professor of sociology at Ohio State University.

A. likely    B. tend    C. suffer    D. condemn

6.    A group of Turkish female activists ______ Undersecretary of State Karen Hughes yesterday with heated complaints about the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq, turning a session designed to highlight the empowerment of women into a raw display of anger at U.S. policy in the region.

A. conformed B. conceded C. concluded    D. confronted

7.    Upon joining the firm, all new analysts participate in an intense training program to learn the ______ concepts and methodologies used by practicing management consultants.

A. vertical    B. vice    C. essential    D. visual

8.    When I passed by the house last night, I ____ a man entering the house because I saw the curtain was moving in dark.

A. proceeded B. perceived C. vibrated    D. renovated

9.    Discipline is a requirement to conform _____ standards of conduct. It arises from the need to bring about a balance between what an individual wants to do, what he wants of others, and the limitations and restrictions demanded by society or by the hazards in the physical environment.

A. external    B. internal C. inside    D. grim

10. I spent the rest of the afternoon at the park watching a very brave little girl _____ a fear, and congratulating myself for being a self-sufficient single parent.

A. grope       B. overcome C. flap    D. bump

答案：DAACB DCBAB

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 33

一、    真题文章（1995年text 3）

In such a changing , complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. Many of life\' s problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.

　　In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World WarⅡ. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned .

　　Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to locate specific information. Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.

In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance. Those people who have accurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed. \"Knowledge is power\" may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.

二、译文

在当今这个复杂多变的社会里，以前对信息需求的那种简单的解决办法已经变得复杂化了。以前生活中的许多问题都是靠征求家庭成员、朋友或同事的意见来解决的，但现在这些问题已经不是这种大家庭的能力能解决的了。去哪里征求专家的意见以及如何决定采取哪个专家的意见，这是当今许多人面临的问题。

除此之外，第二次世界大战以后，人口的流动性越来越大。当家庭搬离原来稳定的社区时，当家庭搬离多年的朋友时，当家庭搬离他们拓展了的家庭关系时，信息的非正式流动被切断了，随之被切断的是人们对这种信息来源的信心，人们无法确定这种信息还是否能够及时得到，或者这样的信息还是否可靠。这种在不知不觉中进行的关于生活琐事的信息的传递可能被中断。因此，原来那些在大家庭的闲聊中不知不觉得到的信息，现在就必须有意识的去寻找了。

随着信息量的不断增加，科学技术的发展使得更多的信息得以储存，并能更快地传递到更多地方。电脑技术能够将大量的数据储存在机器可以阅读的文件里，程序使电脑能够找到某条特定的信息。电讯技术的发展使信息可以通过电视、收音机来传递，很快电子邮件的出现会让人们受到无数信息的狂轰滥炸。卫星使通讯具有了报道即时发生事件的能力。通过电视会议全球可以共享专家的意见，参与解决问题争端的各方无需离开家庭和工作岗位长途旅行去开会。科学技术便利了信息的储存、传送和共享，使得更多的人能够得到更多的信息。

在这个复杂多变的社会里，对信息的需要占有举足轻重的地位。谁拥有了及时、准确、可靠的信息来解决每天遇到的问题，谁的事业、家庭和社会生活就会成功。“知识就是力量”是真知灼见，获得信息可能成为人们最重要的需求。

三、考研核心词汇

complex / 5kCmpleks / adj. 1复杂的2合成的, 综合的 n.联合体

[例] A computer is certaintly a complex machine.

电脑当然是一种结构复杂的机器。

[同义] complicated ，confused， inclination， involved ， mixed ，

[反义] brief ，plain ，simple

formerly /5fC:mElI/ adv. 从前, 以前, 原来

[例] \"He formerly worked in a university, but now he\'s a lawyer.\"

\"他以前曾在大学工作,但现在是个律师。\"

[派生] former / 5fC:mE / adj. 从前的, 以前的 n. 形成者, 创造者, 模型, 样板

solution / sE5lju:FEn / n. 1解答, 解决办法2溶解, 溶液

[例] This is the only practicable solution imaginable.

这是唯一想得出的切实可行的解决办法。

[同义] answer ， explanation ，finding ，outcome ，resolution， result；mixture

[派生] solute / 5sClju:t / n. 溶解物, 溶质

complicated / 5kCmplikeitid / adj. 复杂的, 难解的

[例] The regulations are so complicated that nothing can be made of them by the layman . 这些条例如此复杂，外行什麽也看不懂。

[派生] complicate /5kCmplikeit / v. (使)变复杂

complication /7kCmpli5keiF(E)n / n. 复杂化, (使复杂的)因素n. [医]并发症

colleague / 5kCli:^ / n. 同事, 同僚

[例] My colleagues are all well-known scholars. 我的同事都是知名学者。

[同义] companion ，comrade， friend ，partner，associate， buddy

extend / iks5tend/ v. 扩充, 延伸, 伸展, 扩大[军] 使疏开, 给予, 提供,化出的全文 <英>[律]对(地产等)估价

[例] The headmaster extended our holiday by four days.

校长把我们的假期延长了四天。

[同义] enlarge ， expand

[反义] shrink / FriNk / v. 收缩, (使)皱缩, 缩短

  contract / 5kCntrAkt / n. 合同, 契约, 婚约 v. 使缩短, 感染, 订约

[派生] extension / iks5tenFEn / n. 延长, 扩充, 范围 n. 扩展名

adj. [逻]外延的, 客观现实的

extensive / iks5tensiv / adj. 广大的, 广阔的, 广泛的

resolve / ri5zClv / n. 决心 v. 1决心, 决定, 决心要2(使)分解, 溶解, 解决

vt. 解决

[例] This mixture resolves into two substances.

这混合物会分解成两种物质。

[同义] decide ，determine， settle

[反义] blend / blend / vt. 混和 n. 混和

[派生] resolution / 7rezE5lju:FEn / n. 坚定, 决心, 决定, 决议

   resolute / 5rezElju:t / adj. 坚决的

addition /E5diFEn / n. 加, 加起来, 增加物, 增加, 加法

[例] Our baby brother is an addition to our family.

新出生的弟弟使我们家多了一口人。

[反义] subtraction / sEb5trAkFEn / n. 减少

[固定搭配] in addition 加上, 又, 另外；in addition to 加上, 除...外, 又；with the addition of 外加；

mobility / mEu5biliti / n. 活动性, 灵活性, 迁移率, 机动性

[例] the mobility of a liquid 液体的流动性

[派生] mobile / 5mEubail / adj. 可移动的, 易变的, 机动的 n. 运动物体

stable / 5steibl/ adj. 稳定的

[例] Markets are flourishing and prices are stable. 市场繁荣, 物价稳定。

[同义] barn ，established ，firm， secure ，settled， sound ，steadfast ，steady

informal / in5fC:mEl/ adj. 不正式的, 不拘礼节的

[例] informal dress 便服

[同义] colloquial

[反义] formal / 5fC:mEl / adj. 外形的, 正式的, 合礼仪的, 形式的, 整齐匀称的

n. 正式的社交活动

niuniu · 发表于 06-6-22 00:08:46

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 40

一、    真题文章（1996年Text 5）

Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism/evolution are in the publisher \' s pipelines. A few have already appeared. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. Cosmology , geology , and biology have provided a consistent , unified, and constantly improving account of what happened. \"Scientific\" creationism, which is being pushed by some for \"equal time\" in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science. Virtually all scientists and the majority of nonfundamentalist religious leaders have come to regard \"scientific\" creationism as bad science and bad religion.
   The first four chapters of Kitcher\'s book give a very brief introduction to evolution. At appropriate places, he introduces the criticisms of the creationists and provides answers. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programs and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. When their basic motivation is religious, one might have expected more Christian behavior.
   Kitcher is a philosopher, and this may account, in part, for the clarity and effectiveness of his arguments. The non-specialist will be able to obtain at least a notion of the sorts of data and argument that support evolutionary theory. The final chapter on the creationists will be extremely clear to all. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: \"This book stands for reason itself. \"And so it does---and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate .

二、    译文

有传言说，有20多本关于创世论与进化论之争的书即将出版，有几本已经面世了。所有这些书的目的是试图告诉那些感到困惑的而且常常是还不开通的芸芸众生：就宇宙和生命的起源与发展问题而言，不可能存在两种都成立的科学理论。对于所发生的一切，宇宙学、地质学、生物学已经提供了一贯的、统一的并且是在不断完善的解释。当课堂上讲授进化论时，有些人就想争抢“相同的课时”来解释“科学”创世论，其实科学创世论是基于宗教，而非科学。实际上，所有科学家和大多数非原教旨主义宗教领袖们都已将“科学”创世论看作是拙劣的科学和拙劣的宗教。

Kitcher的书在前四章中对进化做了简单的介绍。在合适的地方，他介绍了对创世论者的批判并给出了回答。在最后三章中，他终于显露出本意，给创世论者一顿痛击。他描述了这些人伎俩，对那些不熟悉创世论者的人来说，这些人对真相的欺骗和歪曲程度让人不快和震惊。因为既然这些人的最初动机是宗教，他们本应该采取更加符合基督教徒的行为。

Kitcher是位哲学家，这也许部分解释了他的论证为何如此清晰和有效。非专业人士起码可以了解支持进化论的各种数据和观点。关于创世论者的最后一章对每个人来说都阐述得极为清楚。这部优秀作品的护封上引用了斯蒂芬.杰.古尔德的一句话，“这本书本身就代表了理性”。的确如此——如果理性是创世论和进化论之争的惟一裁判，一切问题就解决了。

三、    考研核心词汇

rumor / 5ru:mE / n. 流言, 谣言, 传闻 vt. 谣传, 传闻

[例] The rumor was fabricated by the enemy radio station.

这谣言是敌人广播电台捏造出来的。

[同义] broadcast， circulate， gossip

[派生] rumorous / `rU:mErEs / adj. 传说的，谣传的

creationism / kri:`eIFEnIzEm / n. 创造宇宙说, 特别创造说

[例] The focus of this discussion is on a more narrow sense of Creationism.

这次讨论的中心更多的是关于狭义的创世学说。

[派生] creation / kri5eiFEn / n. 创造, 创作物

creative / kri(:)5eitiv / adj. 创造性的

pipeline / 5paip7lain / n. 管道, 传递途径

[例] Farther down the pipeline are three other approaches to vaccine development? (Boston Globe)

“除供给渠道外，培植牛痘还有其它三种途径” (波士顿环球)

unenlightened / 5Qnin5laitnd / adj. 无知的, 不文明的, 落后的

[例] As we know, he is unenlightened. 正如我们所知道的他是一个无知的人。

[派生] enlighten / in5laitn / vt. 启发, 启蒙, 教导, 授予...知识, 开导, <古>照耀

citizenry / 5sItIz(E)nrI/ n. 公民，市民(集合称)

[例] It corresponds to the Latin classis，a word borrowed from the Greek，meaning that part of the citizenry which has been called to the colours.
它的意思同拉丁文的classis（阶级、阶层等级）一样——一个借自希腊语的词——公民中的有色人种。

[派生] citizen / 5sitizn / n. 市民, 公民

valid / 5vAlid / adj. 1 [律]有效的, 有根据的2正当的, 正确的

[例] Illness is a valid excuse for being absent from work.

生病是不去上班的正当理由。

[同义] adequate ，authorized， cogent ，effective， established ，

[反义] invalid / in5vAlid / n. 病人, 残废者 adj. 有病的, 残废的

origin / 5CridVin / n. 1起源, 由来, 起因2出身, 血统, [数]原点

[例] We cannot escape our origins, however hard we try? (James Baldwin)

“无论如何努力，我们也改变不了我们的出身”(詹姆斯·鲍德温)

[同义] beginning ，birth ，derivation， inception ， start

[反义] result / ri5zQlt / n. 结果, 成效, 计算结果 vi. 起因, 由于, 以...为结果, 导致

[派生] original / E5ridVEnEl / adj. 最初的, 原始的, 独创的, 新颖的

n. 原物, 原作

cosmology / kCz5mClEdVi / n. 宇宙哲学, 宇宙论

[例] This essay is about cosmology . 这篇文章是关于宇宙论的。

[派生] cosmic / 5kCzmik / adj. 宇宙的

geology / dVi5ClEdVi / n. 地质学, 地质概况

[例] the geology of North America 北美地质概况

consistent / kEn5sistEnt / adj. 1一致的, 调和的2 坚固的

[例] The testimony was consistent with the known facts.

口供与已知的事实相符合

[反义] inconsistent / 7inkEn5sistEnt / adj. 不一致的, 不协调的, 矛盾的

[派生] consistently adv. 一贯地，一向，始终如一地

unified / 5ju:nifaid /    adj. 统一的, 统一标准的, 一元化的

[例] unified coarse thread 统一标准粗牙螺纹

[派生] unification / ju:nIfI5keIF(E)n / n. 统一，合一

majority / mE5dVCriti / n. 多数, 大半 n. [律] 成年

[例] The majority of children in our class have brown eyes; only three have blue eyes. 我们班大多数孩子是棕色眼睛，只有三个是蓝眼睛。

[反义] minority / mai5nCriti, mi- / n. 少数, 少数民族

[派生] major / 5meidVE / n. <美>[教]主修课, [律]成年人, [乐]大调 adj.主修的, 成年的, 大调的 vi. 主修

criticism / 5kritisiz(E)m / n. 批评, 批判

[例] These two criticisms provide a good starting point.

这两条批评意见开创了良好的开端。

[反义] admiration / 7AdmE5reiFEn / n. 钦佩, 赞美, 羡慕

[派生] criticize / 5kritisaiz / v. 批评, 吹毛求疵, 非难

critic / 5kritik / n. 批评家, 评论家, 吹毛求疵者

tactics / 5tAktiks / n. 战术, 策略

[例] Guerrilla tactics were employed during most of the war.

游击战术被应用于战争的大部分时间里

[同义] strategy

distortion / dis5tC:FEn / n. 扭曲, 变形, 曲解, 失真

[例] a hopeless distortion of the truth 肆意歪曲真理

[派生] distort / dis5tC:t / vt. 弄歪(嘴脸等), 扭曲, 歪曲(真理、事实等), 误报

motivation / 7mEuti5veiFEn / n. 动机

[例] The stronger the motivation, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language.

一个人学外语的内在要求越高, 那么他就学得越快。

[派生] motivational / 9mEJtI`veIFLnEl / adj. 动机的, 有关动机的

motivate / 5mEutiveit / v. 激发

philosopher / fi5lCsEfE / n 哲学家, 哲人, 达观者

[例] You are a philosopher. 你真想得开。

[派生] philosophic / 7filE5sCfik / adj. 哲学的, 贤明的

philosophy / fi5lCsEfi /    n. 哲学, 哲学体系, 达观, 冷静

clarity / 5klAriti / n. 清楚, 透明

[例] the clarity of the difficult problem by giving a full explanation

以充分的说明来阐明那个难题

obtain / Eb5tein / vt. 获得, 得到

[例] The facts had been obtained from thousands of students in their first year of university study by asking such questions as these.

这些情况是通过向数千名大学生在一年级时学习情况的调查而获得的,所提出的问题如下。

[同义] acquire， earn ，gain， get， procure， receive，secure

[反义] lose / lu:z / vt. 1遗失, 浪费, 输去, 使失去2使迷路, 使沉溺于

vi. 受损失, 失败

notion / 5nEuFEn / n. 1概念, 观念, 想法2(复数)<美语>小饰物

[例] He has no notion of what I mean. 他不明白我的意思。

[同义] belief， idea，impression， opinion，

[派生] notional / 5nEuFEnEl / adj. 概念的, 想象的, [语]表意的, 实义的

jacket / 5dVAkit / n. 1短上衣, 夹克, (锅炉、水管等的)套2书籍的封面套纸, 护封3马铃薯皮 vt. 给...穿夹克, 给...装护套

[例] I like the design on this jacket. 我喜欢这个护封的设计。

[派生] jacketed / 5dVAkitid / adj. 置于壳内的, 外面覆上套的

四、    强化练习

1．Two-thirds of adults have not made a will, leaving their would-be beneficiaries in possible peril. Surviving husbands and wives can get far less than their spouse intended if no ________ will is left.

A. intricate    B. valid    C. blank D. various

2．Children with parents whose guidance is firm, ________ , and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence .

A. complicated B. illogical    C. rough    D. consistent

3. It traces the ________ and lives of the ancient Germanic gods, and their rise to power through deceit, betrayal and manipulation of earthly beings: heavy stuff for people not familiar with the culture.

A. promotion B. stream    C. origin D. harbor

4. Reading comprehension requires ________, mental frameworks for holding ideas, concentration and good study techniques. Here are some suggestions.

A. motivation B. carelessness C. equivalence D. essence

5. Online advertising revenue is soaring, and consumers are getting used to the _______ of paying for services online.

A. fund    B. notion    C. income    D. contribution

6. Sven-Goran Eriksson, the Swede, who faced severe __________ following England\'s defeat by Northern Ireland last month.

A. context B. contract    C. contrast    D. criticism

7. We\'re conducting aggressive counter-terrorism operations in the areas where the terrorists are concentrated. We are constantly adapting our ________ to the changing situations of the terrorists.

A. graphs B. tactics    C. assimilation D. aspiration

8. The central authorities have started to use taxation as a tool to achieve the ______of building a \"harmonious society,\" said Han yesterday in an interview with China Daily.

A. goal    B. assign    C. accordance    D. account

9. Mother Teresa, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, dedicated the________ of her life to helping the poorest of the poor in India, thus gaining her the name \"Saint of the Gutters.\"

A. assessment B. minority C. majority    D. identification

10. Although this view is widely held , this is little evidence that education can be ________ at any age and at any place.

A. sold    B. ignited C. ignored    D. obtained

答案：BDCAB DBACD

niuniu · 发表于 06-6-22 00:07:37

thorough / 5WQrE / adj. 十分的, 彻底的

[例] They made a thorough search for the lost ring, but didn\'t find it.

他们仔细地寻找过那枚丢失的戒指，可是没有找到。

[同义] complete， full， intensive

stimulus / 5stimjulEs / n. 刺激物, 促进因素, 刺激, 刺激

[例] Light is a stimulus to growth in plants.

光是植物生长的促进因素。

[派生] stimulate / 5stimjuleit / vt. 刺激, 激励 v. 刺激, 激励

precede / pri(:)5si:d /    v. 领先(于), 在...之前, 先于

[例] He preceded his lecture with a humorous anecdote.

他以一个幽默的轶事开始他的演说

[同义] head， lead

[反义] follow / 5fClEu / vt. 跟随, 追随, 沿...而行, 理解, 遵循, 从事, 追求, 注视 vi. 跟随, 接着 n. 跟随, 追随

patent / 5peitEnt, 5pAtEnt / n. 专利权, 执照, 专利品 adj. 特许的, 专利的, 显著的 vt. 取得...的专利权, 请准专利

[例] The government patented the device to its inventor.

政府给予发明者专利权。

parallel / 5pArElel / adj. 1平行的, 相同的2类似的, 并联的 n. 1平行线, 平行面2类似, 相似物 v. 相应, 平行

[例] The railway line runs parallel with / to the highway.

铁路线和那条公路平行。

[同义] similar

originate / E5ridVineit / vt. 引起, 发明, 发起, 创办 vi. 起源, 发生

[例] All theories originate from / in practice and in turn serve practice.

任何理论都来源于实践,反过来又为实践服务。

[派生] origination / E9rldVEneItIv,-nE- / n. 发源

   originator / E`rIdVEneItE(r)/    n. 创作者,发明人

incentive / in5sentiv / n. 动机 adj. 激励的

[例] Money is still a major incentive in most occupations.

在许多职业中, 钱仍是主要的鼓励因素。

[同义] encouragement , inducement, motive, stimulus

[派生] incent / In`sent / vt. 刺激…采取行动 , 激励

device / di5vais / n. 1装置, 设计, 图案, 策略2发明物 3 [计]安装设备驱动程序

[例] These newly-designed devices will appear on the exhibition next month.

这些新设计的器件将在下月的展览会上展出。

[同义] apparatus， implement ，instrument， machine

flock / flCk / n. 1羊群, (禽、畜等的)群2大量, 众多 v. 聚结

[例] People came in flocks to see the new hydraulic power station beside the dam.

人们成群结队地来参观水坝旁边新建的水电站。

[同义] bunch， crowd， group ，mob， multitude

faith / feiW / n. 信任, 宗教信仰, 忠实, 保证, 诺言, 约定

[例] I have faith in you；I am sure you will do well.

我相信你，我肯定你会做好的。

[同义] belief ，confidence ，religion，trust

[反义] doubt / daut / n. 怀疑, 疑惑, 疑问 v. 怀疑, 不信, 拿不准, <古>恐怕

[派生] faithful / 5feiWful / adj. 守信的, 忠实的, 详确的, 可靠的 n. 信徒

beneficence / bi5nefisEns / n. 善行, 仁慈, 赠物 n. 行善,慈善,捐款,捐赠物

[例] bestow many beneficences

捐赠许多救济品

[派生] beneficent / bi5nefisEnt / adj. 慈善的, 仁慈的, 善行的

optimistic / 7Cpti5mistik / adj. 乐观的

[例] Optimistic people always believe their bright future .

  乐观的人总是相信他们有美好的未来。

[同义] bright， carefree ，cheerful ，glad ，happy， radiant

[反义] pessimistic / pesI5mIstIk / adj 悲观的

[派生] optimism / 5CptimizEm / n. 乐观, 乐观主义

reduce / ri5dju:s / vt. 1减少, 缩小2简化, 还原

[例] This experienced editor is said to be able to reduce the misprints to almost nil.

据说这位经验丰富的老编辑能把印刷错误几乎降低到零。

[同义] cut， decrease ，diminish ，lessen， lower， moderate

[反义] increase / in5kri:s / n. 增加, 增大, 增长 vt. 增加, 加大

vi. 增加, 繁殖

unambiguous / 5QnAm5bi^juEs / adj. 不含糊的, 明确的

[例] As a horror, apartheid . . . is absolutely unambiguous. There are . . . no shades of interpretation or circumstances to weigh that might make coming to a moral judgment more difficult? ( Mario Vargas Llosa)

“作为一种恐怖，种族隔离…是绝对确定无疑的，没有…任何值得考虑的解释或情况可以对其道德审判提出非难” (马里奥·巴尔加斯·略萨)

visual / 5vizjuEl / adj. 看的, 视觉的, 形象的, 栩栩如生的

[例] a visual presentation.

可以看得见的礼物

assemble / E5sembl / vt. 集合, 聚集, 装配 vi. 集合

[例] All the people assembled at Mary\'s house.

所有的人都聚集在玛丽的屋子里。

[同义] cluster, collect, congregate, crowd, gather together ,

[反义] dismiss / dis5mis / vt. 解散, 下课, 开除, 解职, 使(或让)离开

vi. 解散

[派生] assembly / E5sembli / n. 集合, 装配, 集会, 集结, 汇编

lever / 5li:vE, 5levE / n. 杆, 杠杆, 控制杆 v. 抬起

[例] This activity introduces students to the concept of lever.

这项活动是给学生介绍杠杆的概念。

screw / skru: / n. 1螺丝钉, 螺旋, 螺杆, 螺孔, 螺旋桨2吝啬鬼

vt. 1调节, 旋2加强, 压榨3鼓舞 vi. 转动, 旋, 拧

[例] Lifting those boxes really screwed up my back.

抬这些箱确实令我的背部受到损伤

[同义] fasten, rotate , tighten , turn , twist

[反义] unscrew / 5Qn5skru: / v. 从...旋出螺丝, 旋开, 旋松

wedge / wedV / n. 楔 vt. 楔入, 楔进

[例] The people wedged me into the corner.

人们把我挤到角落里。

[同义] jam , lodge , push , squeeze

alphabet / 5A:lfEbit / n. 字母表

[例] a phonetic alphabet 音标文字

[派生] alphabetic / 7AlfE5betik / adj. 照字母次序的, 字母的

transmit / trAnz5mit / vt. 1传输, 转送, 传导；发射2遗传, 传播 vi. 1发射信号2发报

[例] Parents transmit some of their characteristics to their children.

父母把一些特有的素质遗传给儿女。

[同义] dispatch, forward , send over, transfer

[派生] transmission / trAnz5miFEn / n. 1发射2传送3传输, 转播

attitude / 5Atitju:d / n. 1姿势2态度, 看法, 意见

[例] People\'s attitude towards the skyscrapers varies widely.

人们对这些摩天大楼的态度很不相同。

[同义] opinion, position ，standpoint ，viewpoint

emulation / 9emjJ`leIF/ n. 竞争, 效法

[例] real time emulation 实时仿真

[派生] emulate / 5emjuleit / n. 仿效

emulative / 5emjulEtiv / adj. 好胜

imitation / imi5teiFEn / n. 1 模仿, 效法, 冒充2赝品, 仿造物

[例] His imitation of that singer is perfect.

他模仿那位歌唱家模仿得维妙维肖。

[反义] invention / in5venFEn / n. 发明, 创造

[派生] imitate / 5imiteit / vt. 模仿, 仿效, 仿制, 仿造 v. 模仿

fame / feim / n. 1 名声, 名望2传说, <古>传闻

vt. (常用被动语态)使闻名, 使有名望, 盛传

[例] The reformer\'s fame spread all over the country.

这位改革者名震全国。

[同义] name， popularity ，renown， reputation

[派生] famed / feImd / adj. 著名的, 闻名的

四、    强化练习

1.    As one of the earliest countries to apply machinery, China boasts a lot of unique ________ like the compass vehicle, the seismograph, and the incense burner with their respective characteristics on using power and mechanical structural design.

A. discoveries    B. inventions C. reforms D. renovations

2.    The deadly H5N1 virus first surfaced in Asia but appears to be spreading quickly to the west on the wings of migrating birds. But it is difficult to ________ from bird to human - thousands of cases among poultry in Asia have resulted in only 120 human cases, of which 60 led to death.

A. transmit    B. alter    C. heap    D. hit

3.    From psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable_________ toward additional educational activities.

A. fond    B. hint    C. endeavor    D. attitude

4.    It is suggested that governments ought to make efforts to _______ the increasing gap between cities and countryside. They ought to set aside an appropriate fund for improvement of the standard of peasants\' lives.

A. reduce    B. endow C. compensate D. compress

5.    Overt(明显的)and covert(隐蔽的) streams of intelligence are by no means completely________ and distinct; they often mingle and meander over one another’s territory.

A. similar    B. repressed C. parallel    D. scornful

6.    China has 150 million people living in _______ poverty despite its impressive economic growth in the past two decades.

A. vulgar    B. acute    C. dim    D. secure

7.    Unlike other conventional universities, Bangladesh Open University is purely technology based and its aim is to make scope of higher education for the less __________ mass people who are engaged in different occupation, etc.

A. scenic    B. mean    C. notable    D. literate

8.    We can discuss further details when you have a _________ knowledge of the marketing possibilities of our products.

A. thorough    B. cute C. sore    D. spectacular

9.    Not reused injector is a _______ product invented by by the expert Mr baosheng tong in Tianjin Chukang Industry Company.

A. alien    B. patent    C. spacious D. intrinsic

10. We need clear, factual reports. They must be highly detailed and_________ .

  A. gloomy B. irregular    C. unambiguous D. irritated

答案：BADAC BDABC

		自动登录	找回密码
密码			注册