领航名师--肖 克
考生注意事项
1考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则。
2答题前，考生应按准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考 单位”、“考生编号”等信息。
3答案必须按要求涂写或填写在指定的答题卡上。
(1)英语知识运用和阅读理解A节、B节的答案用2B铅笔涂写在答题卡1上。 如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。
(2)阅读理解C节(英译汉)的答案和作文必须用蓝(黑)色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔写在答题卡2上。字迹要清楚。
4考试结束后，将答题卡1、答题卡2及试题 一并装入试题袋中。
Section Ⅰ Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
If it were only necessary to decide whether to teach elementary science to everyone on a mass basis or to find the gifted few and take them as far as they can go, our task would be fairly simple. The public school system, however, has no such (1) ,(2) the jobs must be carried(3)at the same time. Because we depend so (4)upon science and technology for our(5) , we must produce specialists in many fields. (6) we live in a (7) nation, whose citizens make the policies for the nation, large numbers of us must be educated to understand, to uphold, and (8) necessary, to judge the work of(9) . The public school must educate both producers and (10) of scientific services.
In education, there should be a good balance (11) the branches of (12) that contribute to effective thinking and (13) judgment. Such balance is defeated by (14) much emphasis on any one field. This (15) of balance involves not only the (16) of the natural sciences, the social sciences and the arts but also relative emphasis among the natural sciences themselves.
(17) , we must have a balance between current and (18) knowledge. The attention of the public is continually drawn to new (19) in scientific fields and the discovery of new knowledge; these should not be allowed to turn our attention away from the sound, established materials that form the basis of (20) for beginners.
1. ［A］ entity ［B］ auction ［C］ choice ［D］ coalition
2. ［A］ whereas ［B］ though ［C］ while ［D］ for
3. ［A］ off ［B］ forward ［C］ away ［D］ on
4. ［A］ substantially ［B］ heavily ［C］ equally ［D］ misleadingly
5. ［A］ stimulation ［B］ shift ［C］ progress ［D］ glamour
6. ［A］ If ［B］ Although ［C］ Because ［D］ Supposing
7. ［A］ prosperous ［B］ democratic ［C］ literate ［D］ thriving
8. ［A］ unless ［B］ in case ［C］ when ［D］ only
9. ［A］ experts ［B］ populace ［C］ voters ［D］ mob
10. ［A］ subscribers ［B］ users ［C］ passers-by ［D］ victims
11. ［A］ amid ［B］ between ［C］ upon ［D］ among
12. ［A］ knowledge ［B］ data ［C］ intelligence ［D］ quest
13. ［A］ fair ［B］ wise ［C］ risky ［D］ proper
14. ［A］ too ［B］ fairly ［C］ very ［D］ rather
15. ［A］ incident ［B］ question ［C］ inference ［D］ impact
16. ［A］ reaction ［B］ cooperation ［C］ interaction ［D］ relation
17. ［A］ Conversely ［B］ Similarly ［C］ Accordingly ［D］ Presumably
18. ［A］ primitive ［B］ ultimate ［C］ classical ［D］ initial
19. ［A］ possibilities ［B］ capabilities ［C］ abilities ［D］ responsibilities
20. ［A］ grounds ［B］ courses ［C］ doctrines ［D］ quotas
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Reading the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
Three English dictionaries published recently all lay claim to possessing a
“new” feature. The BBC English Dictionary contains background information on 1,000 people and places prominent in the news since 1988; the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary: Encyclopedic (百科全书的) Edition is the OALD plus encyclopedic entries; the Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture is the LDOCE plus cultural information.
The key fact is that all three dictionaries can be seen to have a distinctly “cultural” as well as language learning content. That being said, the way in which they approach the cultural element is not identical, making direct comparisons between the three difficult.
While there is some common ground between the encyclopedic/cultural entries for the Oxford and Longman dictionaries, there is a clear difference. Oxford lays claim to being encyclopedic on content whereas Longman distinctly concentrates on the language and culture of the English-speaking world. The Oxford dictionary can therefore stand more vigorous scrutiny (审视) for cultural bias than the Longman publication because the latter does not hesitate about viewing the rest of the world from the cultural perspectives of the English-speaking world. The cultural objectives of the BBC dictionary are in turn more distinct still. Based on an analysis of over 70 million words recorded from the BBC World Service and National Public Radio of Washington over a period of four years, their 1,000 brief encyclopedic entries are based on people and places that have featured (占显著地位) in the news recently. The intended user they have in mind is a regular listener to the World Service who will have a reasonable standard of English and a developed skill in listening comprehension.
In reality, though, the BBC dictionary will be purchased by a far wider range of language learners, as will the other two dictionaries. We will be faced with a situation where many of the users of these dictionaries will at the very least have distinct sociocultural perspectives and may have world views which are totally opposed and even hostile to those of the West. Advanced learners form this kind of background will not only evaluate a dictionary on how user-friendly it is but will also have definite views about the scope and appropriateness of the various socio-cultural entries.
21. What feature sets apart the three dictionaries discussed in the passage from traditional ones?
［A］ The combination of two dictionaries into one.
［B］ The new approach to defining words.
［C］ The inclusion of cultural content.
［D］ The increase in the number of entries.
22. The Longman dictionary is more likely to be criticized for cultural prejudice because_____ .
［A］ its scope of cultural entries goes beyond the culture of the English-speaking world
［B］ it pary little attention to the cultural content of the non-English-speaking countries
［C］ it views the world purely from the standpoint of the English-speaking people
［D］ it fails to distinguish language from culture in its encyclopedic entries
23. The BBC dictionary differs from Oxford and Longman is that______.
［A］ it has a wider selection of encyclopedic entries
［B］ it is mainly designed to meet the needs of radio listeners
［C］ it lays more emphasis on language than on culture
［D］ it is intended to help listeners develop their listening comprehension skills
24. It is implied in the last paragraph that, in approaching socio-cultural content in a dictionary, special thought should be given to______ .
［A］ the language levels of its users
［B］ the number of its prospective purchasers
［C］ the different tastes of its users
［D］ the various cultural backgrounds of its users
25. What is the passage mainly about?
［A］ Different ways of treating socio-cultural elements in the three new English dictionaries.
［B］ A comparison of people's opinions on the cultural content in the three new English dictionaries.
［C］ The advantages of the BBC dictionary over Oxford and Longman.
［D］ The user-friendliness of the three new English dictionaries.
.
Text 2
More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.
It's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.
Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it's disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.
For example, a certain keypunch（键盘打孔） operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transaction. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off（向……透露）the company that was being robbed.
Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.
Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled（耍弄）the most confidential records right under the noses of the company's executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommerdations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.
26. It can be concluded from the passage that_______ .
［A］ it is still impossible to detect computer crimes today
［B］ computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions
［C］ computer criminals can escape punishment because they can't be detected
［D］ people commit computer crimes at the request of their company
27. It is implied in the third paragraph that_______ .
［A］ many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered
［B］ the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problem
［C］ most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimes
［D］ most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luck
28. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?
［A］ A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced.
［B］ Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information.
［C］ Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputation.
［D］ Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes.
29. What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught?
［A］ With a bad reputation they can hardly find another job.
［B］ They will be denied access to confidential records.
［C］ They may walk away and easily find another job.
［D］ They must leave the country or go to jail.
30. The passage is mainly about________ .
［A］ why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspections
［B］ why computer criminals are often able to escape punishment
［C］ how computer criminals manage to get good recommendations from their former employers
［D］ why computer crimes can't be eliminated
Text 3
The long years of food shortage in this country have suddenly given way to apparent abundance. Stores and choked with rood. Rationing（定量供应）is virtually suspended, and overseas suppliers have been asked to hold back deliveries. Yet, instead of joy there is widespread uneasiness and confusion. Why do food prices keep on rising, when there seems to be so much more food about? Is the abundance only temporary, or has it come to stay? Does it mean that we need to think less now more food at home? No one knows that to expect.
The recent growth of export surpluses on the world food market has certainly been unexpectedly great, partly because a strange sequence of two successfu1 grain harvests. North America is now being followed by a third. Most of Brita1n's overseas suppliers of meat, too, are offering more this year and home production has also risen.
But the effect of all this on the food situation in this country had been made worse by a simultaneous rise in food prices, due chiefly to the gradual cutting down of government support for food. The shops me overstocked with food not only because there is more food availab1e, but a1so because people, frightened by high prices, are buying less of it.
Moreover, the rise in domestic prices has come at a time when world prices have begun to fa1l, with the result that imported food, with the exception of grain, is often cheaper than the home-produced variety. And now grain prices, too, are fal1ing. Consumers are beginning to ask why they should not be enabled to be enabled to benefit from this trend.
The significance of these developments is not lost on farmers, The older generation have seen it al1 happen before. Despite the present price and market guarantees, farmers fear they are about to be squeezed between cheap food imports and a shrinking home market. Present production is running at 51 per cent above pre-war levels, and the government has cal1ed for an expansion to 60 per cent by l956; but repeated Ministerial advice is carrying little weight and the expansion programme is not working very well.
31. Why is there “wide-spread uneasiness and confusion about the food situation in Britain？”
［A］ The abundant food supply is not expected to 1ast．
［B］ Britain is importing less food.
［C］ Despite the abundance, food prices keep rising.
［D］ Britain will cut back on its production of food.
32. The main reason for the rise in food prices is that_______ .
［A］ people are buying less food
［B］ the government is providing less f1nancial support for agriculture
［C］ domestic food production has decreased
［D］ imported food is driving prices higher
33. Why didn't the government, s expansion programme work very well?
［A］ Because the farmer were uncertain about the f1nancial support the government guaranteed.
［B］ Because the farmers were uncertain for the benefits of expanding production.
［C］ Because the farmers were uncertain whether foreign markets could be found for their produce.
［D］ Because the older generation of farmers were sfong1y against the programme.
34. The decrease in world food prices was a result of________
［A］ a sharp fall in the purchasing power of the consumers
［B］ a sharp fal1 in the cost of food production.
［C］ the overproduction of food in the food-importing countries
［D］ the overproduction on the part of the main food exporting countries
35. What did the future look like for Britain’s food production at the time this article was written？
［A］ The fall in world food prices would benefit British food
［B］ An expansion of food production was at hand.
［C］ British food producers would receive more government
［D］ It looks depressing despite government guarantees.
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