跟朱泰祺解决英语基础问题------词汇,句式,语法

基础复习阶段
Comprehensive Exercises(综合练习)
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Unit One
A语言基础知识练习
1）
重点句型与结构操练：Translate the following sentences into Chinese, paying attention to the underlined parts.
1. Vitamins are different
in that
their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific
functions in the body.


词汇:

①
In that------------------------------------因为;由于

② perform function-------------起作用
③ 译文(略)

注意：1）
for all that--------------------- (=although),尽管;虽然
例：They are good people; for all that
their ways are not the same as ours.

2）
now that -----------------------(=since) 既然;


例：Now that
you have come, you may as well stay here for a couple of days.


注: may as well---------------------------不妨,最好===had better




★2． If you intend to have friends to dinner, you plan the menu, make a shopping list and decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of to be served.

结构分析:
带逻辑主语的动词不定式做状语.-----for something to be done

★3. Vincent Van Gogh killed himself when he was only 37, / but he left behind him more than 2000 paintings and drawings, / which established his reputation in a way /① he would never have considered possible /②
had he been alive.




结构分析
①省略了which或者that,做way的定语从句.
②省略了if,条件状语从句.
译文
在凡高37岁的时候,凡高就自杀了. 但是,他给后世留下了超过2000件油画和素描作品,这些作品确立了他的名望. 如果,他现在还活着的话,这个事实是他难以想象的.


★★4．The suspended trade talk between the two superpowers is reported in the local newspapers to have been resumed in Washington two days ago.



词汇
①suspend---------------------- v. 吊,悬挂;推迟,暂停

②superpower-----------------超级大国

③resume----------------------- v.再继续,重新开始/占用,再用;恢复 n. 简历
结构分析:


①动词不定式的完成时态做主语补足语,前面用被动形式.
②动词不定式的完成形式做主语补足语,来表示过去已经完成的行为.
例: He is said to have come here yeaterday.

★5. Good news sometimes was released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port announced half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.
词汇
①release ---------------公布,发布,释放

②prematurely ---------pre(前) + mature(成熟的) + ly (副词后缀) ----------早熟的;过早的
△
③recapture ---------re (重新) + capture(攻占,夺得)-------- 夺回,收复
④port---------------港口


⑤surrender----------- v. 投降, 交出, 放弃

结构分析:


“with＋名词＋分词”构成独立主格，翻译的时候当作并列句子单独翻译.

译文: 好消息时常被过早发布,英国人攻占港口的消息,在港口守军真正投降前半天就被宣布了.
例：With the guide leading the way, the tourists started off into the dark night.


导游领路,游客们开始向深夜出发.

① Start off---------------------------
v.出发, 开始


6．On account of the uncertainty of the market at your end, we have suffered some loss by the business with you in the past few years.


词汇
①On account of------------
由于

译文:由于贵方市场的不稳定性,最近这几年,我方和你们做生意,蒙受了一些损失.


7．All matter as it is normally encountered either consists of elements or combinations of elements called compounds.

结构分析:
as引导的特殊的状语从句, 翻译的时候当定语从句来翻译.
译文:
在正常情况下所遇到的物质,要么是由元素组成的,或者是由被称之为化合物的元素组合构成.
词汇:
①encounter
------------------ n./v. 遇到,遭遇
②either……or…… ---------------- 不是---就是----,

...或...
③consist
------------------- v.(in)在于,存在于;(of)由……组成,由……构成
④combination
------------------ n. 结合,联合,合并;化合(物)
⑤compound
---------------------------------- n. 混合物,化合物 a. 混合的,化合的,复合的


★★★★难8．Odd though it sounds, / cosmic inflation
is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better [url=]part of a decade[/url][C1]
/
that it is true.

译文:
虽然,宇宙膨胀论听起来似乎有点奇特, 但是,它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上看来似乎是可信的推论. 许多天体物理学家在最近的七八年来坚信宇宙膨胀论是十分正确的.
结构分析

①该题测试-------让步状语从句连接词放置句中,句子表语(odd)提前.

② It代指后面的cosmic inflation(膨胀 / 通货膨胀) ; odd是表语提前,sounds是系词,

词汇:

①inflation--------------------------------------
n.胀大,夸张,通货膨胀

②plausible------------------------------------
a.似乎合理的,似乎可信的
★★★

③consequence------------------------------
n.结果, 后果, 影响; 重要性
④respect-------------------------------------
v/n.尊敬,尊重 n.敬意,问候
⑤odd------------------------------------------
a.奇数的,单的;奇怪的;不成对的;临时的,不固定的;带零头的,余的
⑥particle-------------------------------------
n. 粒子,微粒;小品词,虚词
⑦convince-----------------------------------
v.(of)使信服,使确信
⑧elementary--------------------------------
a.初等的;基本的

9．In natural science, more than in any other human institution, it is necessary to search out the past in order to understand the present.

词汇:

①more than-----------------------------------大于,多于,更加
②institution------------------------------------ n.公共机构,协会,学校;制度,惯例

human institution--------------------------人文科学
③search out-----------------------------------弄清楚
译文:
在自然科学中,比起任何人文科学来说,自然科学更加需要去弄清楚过去,以便为了认识现在.
总结词组：
①.nothing more than 只不过是：
例: The individual TV viewer invariably senses / that he or she is nothing more than an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.
词汇
①Invariably = always
②anonymous----------------------------------------a.匿名的
③insignificant---------------------------------------------a.无关紧要的,无意义的
④diverse----------------------------------------------a.不同的,变化多的

译文:

个别的电视观众总是感觉到: 他 / 她只不过是在巨大的,形形色色的观众群体中的一个默默无闻的的,在统计数字上来说微不足道的一员.

②.nothing but 仅仅
只不过：
The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind.--------1995年英译汉

译文:

科学研究的方法只不过是人类思维活动的必要的表达方式.
Investigation---------------------------- n. 调查,调查研究


③. anything but 完全不====Not at all
The solution is anything but satisfactory.

译文:

这个解决办法完全不能令人满意.
①satisfactory-------------------------- a.令人满意的

10．Very few will doubt that it is science that has at once quickened the demand for general education in modern times and
made the education itself effective.

译文:

很少有人怀疑正是科学即使人们迫切需要去接受现代的普及教育,又使得教育本身能产生预想的结果.

①quicken--------------------------------- v.加快, 鼓舞, 刺激, 生长, 加速

②at once……and…..
即……又…….



[ 本帖最后由 老庄 于 2007-8-22 10:14 PM 编辑 ]

2）重点词汇与成语操练：Choose the best one to complete the following sentences.

11.We finally abandoned our efforts to save the old house when it became clear that the owner really wanted to _____________.

A. pull it off

B. pull it down

C. knock it over
D. put it down

①pull off-----------------
脱(帽,衣等)

pull on------------------------------- 穿,戴

②pull down---------------拆毁,拉倒;拉下,降低

③knock over-------------------------打翻,推翻


knock government over--------推翻政府

④put down---------------------------记下,放下;镇压,平定

译文:


当我们弄清楚房主真的要拆除该楼时,我们最终放弃了我们的努力来挽救这栋旧楼.
12.On still nights we often heard the voices of the people across the field, sometimes speaking in French, but they soon ____________ into the distance.

A. faded away
B. smoothed over
C. dragged down

D. got through
①fade away-----------------退色,衰退(经济)
②smooth over----------------------------消除,平息,掩饰
③drag down-------------------------拖垮
④get through------------------------通过(考试)


在寂静的夜晚,我们常常听到人们穿过田野的声音,有时候可以听见用法语交谈的声音.但是这些声音很快消失在远处.

13.The idea of balanced diet is very difficult to ___________ to anyone who knows nothing about food values.

A. put through

B. get across
C. take in
D. make out
①put through--------------------------------接通电话,

Can you put me through to this number?
②get across---------------------------------解释清楚,使人了解

get sth across to sb---------------把某事向某人讲清楚.

③take in---------------------------------------吸收,理解,欺骗

I was taken in by a fools note.
我被张假币骗了
④make out------------------------------------理解,辨别,填写,说明,拼凑


平衡饮食的理论很难向那些对食品价值一无所知的人讲清楚.

14. He doesn’t feel like playing tennis because he’s ____________.


A. out of condition B. out of order C. out of the question D. out of date
①out of condition-------------------------健康状况不好(不适用,保存得不好)
②out of order------------------------------次序颠倒, 不整齐, 状态不好(…坏了)
③out of the question--------------------不成问题;不可能的(根本谈不上)...
④feel like-----------------------------------------想要

feel like doing sth----------------------------想要做某事.


⑤out of date---------------------过期的,落后的

译文:略

15. Instead of presenting a balanced view of the issue, the peace maker became increasingly ___________, insisting on the correctness of his position.



A. ambitious


B. arbitrary
C. ambiguous
D. abrupt
①insist on--------------------------------坚持; 坚决主张; 坚决认为
②Instead of------------------------------代替, 而不是...
③peace-----------------------------------------------------------见词汇软件
④position--------------------------------------------------------见词汇软件
不是用平衡的(一分为二)观点阐述这个问题, 这个和平的缔造者变得越来越武断地坚持他的正确立场.

16. The river sustains many forms of wildlife; ____________, it gives the neighborhood children a good place to swim in.

A. as a result

B. in addition
C. in consequence
D. on the whole
①as a result-----------------------------------------------结果,因此
②in addition-----------------------------------------------此外
③in consequence---------------------------------------因此
④on the whole-------------------------------------------总的来说,一般来讲

17.It must be understood that this concession is made without ___________ to any future decisions of the committee.

A. effect



B. prejudice

C. damage


D. impact
①effect on------------------------对......有影响(effect后面跟on.)

②without prejudice to-----------------------------无偏见, 不违背, 不使...受损害
③concession----------------------------------------n.迁就,让步
④impact---------------------------------------------- n./v. 冲击,碰撞;效果,影响


必须理解的是做出以下让步并不会损坏委员会日后做出的决定.
18. The man had agreed ____________ the robbery, but on second thoughts he decided to draw back from it because he realized the dangers.

A. on
B. with

C. to

D. about
①agree on------------------------在…方面取得一致看法
②agree with-----------------------从内心里赞同某事
③agree to-------------------------由于外来原因同意做某事
④agree about----------------------美国用法=agree on-----一般不考

⑤robbery-------------------------- n.抢掠, 抢夺
⑥draw back------------------------拉起, 退却, 缩回
译文略

19.The author of the report is well ____________ with the problem in the hospital because he has been working there for many years.

A. informed
B. enlightened
C. acquainted
D. involved
①be informed of/about-----------------听说; 接到...的通知
②enlighten---------------------------
见单词软体



③be acquainted with-------------------熟悉,知道,与...相识...

④be involved with---------------------涉及


△He is involved a group of people engaged in drug trafficking.

他与从事贩毒人员有来往.
trafficking ------------------------n.秘密贩卖,走私贩卖.

20. The politician is too closely ____________ with the former government to become a minister in ours.

A. identified
B. forged
C. established
D. engaged
①identify A with B-------------------把A 看作B.
使得A与B关系密切
②forge----------------------------v.锻造,伪造,

You forged my signature on a check.

你在支票上伪造了我的签名.
③engage in------------------------使从事于, 参加


用法:
engage a worker-------------------招聘了一个工人

All my time is fully engage.-----------我的全部时间都给占用了.

I am engage just now.---------------我现在很忙.

The line is engage------------------电话占线./ the lin
④这个政治家与前政府关系太密切了,以至于不能成为我们的总理.

[ 本帖最后由 老庄 于 2007-8-22 10:14 PM 编辑 ]

内容不是很多，格式也不复杂，所以直接发成帖子好了，为大家省点考元吧。呵呵，大家愿意就跟个帖吧……

[ 本帖最后由 老庄 于 2007-8-22 09:56 PM 编辑 ]

xiexie

对所有支持的人都谢谢

辛苦了
那！！

辛苦了，有没有朱泰奇的辅导课件啊？


朱泰奇的辅导课件版内肯定是有的，自己用搜索功能搜搜看就行了－－jsnjxyy

[ 本帖最后由 jsnjxyy 于 2007-8-19 11:18 PM 编辑 ]