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2014面试听力常见题型介绍

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1130263094 发表于 14-1-23 22:38:54 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
1.短对话
1)综合推断类题型:
综合推断类题旨在考察考生理解对话深层含义或内涵的能力。要求考生在听懂对话内容的基础上,根据对话双方的语调、语气和情景等信息,结合自己的语言知识、语法知识、生活常识、文化背景知识等进行归纳、推理和判断,透过表面词语意义,领会说话人的深层含义或真实意图。这类题涉及面较广,提问的形式也比较多样。常见的提问方式如下:
What does the manwoman meanimplyindicate?
What can you inferlearn from the conversation?
What can be inferred from the conversation?
What do you learn from the man’s/woman’s response?
What do you learn from the conversation?  
What does the conversation tell us?
What are they talking about?
What can we conclude from the man’s reply?
What happened to the manwoman?
例:
AIt call help solve complex problems.  B. It will most likely prove ineffective.
C. It is a new weapon against terrorists.     D. It will help detect all kinds of liars.
原文为:
ManI hear a newly invented drug can make people tell the truth and it may prove useful in questioning terroristsIsn’t it incredible?
WomanSimple solutions to complex problems rarely succeed. As far as I know, no such drugs are ever known to work.
QuestionWhat does the woman think of the new drug? (B)
解析:从选项看,该题内容涉及某项新东西的性能。女士首先说: “听说新发明了一种药物能让人讲实话,这用来审讯恐怖分子恐怕不错。妙吧?”可是男士的态度来了个大转弯,他说:“对复杂问题来说,简单的解决办法很少行得通。据我所知,从没听说这类药管用过。”他首先以普遍规律否定了这类药物的有效性,进而又强调此类药物没有成功的先例。从而表明他认为该药恐怕不会有什么效果。
综合推断类题包罗万象,但归根结蒂旨在考察考生的综合理解力以及逻辑推理能力。所以遇到此类题型,考生一定要注意:
①通过选项分析预测关键信息可能内容或趋势。
②根据预测分析注意捕捉相关信息。考生要首先听清对话内容,然后透过字面意思,体会讲话人的言外之意。
③保持清晰的思路,根据选项提示,结合对话内容进行合乎逻辑的推论。
2)职业、身份、地点与人物关系类题型
判断职业、身份、地点与人物关系是听力测试中又一常见题型。这类题型考察人物的职业、身份,谈话发生的地点,以及谈话者之间的关系。对话中经常提供一个情节或情境,反映所涉及人物的职业、身份、彼此关系等。大部分隋况下,这类题目的选项特征相当明显:要么是四种不同的职业,要么是四个不同身份的人,要么是四个地点,要么是四种不同的人物关系。这类题型的常见提问方式有:
Who is the man/woman?
What is the manwoman?
What are the speakers?
Who are the two speakers?
What is the man’s/woman’s job/occupation/profession?
What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
Where does the conversation most probably take place?
例:
A. Colleagues.  B. Husband and wife C. Employer and employee D. Mother and son
原文为:   
WomenJohnwhat are you doing on your computer? Don’t you remember your promise?
ManThis is not a gameIt’s only a cross word puzzle that helps increase my vocabulary.
QuestionWhat is the probable relationship between the speakers?  ( D )
解析:本题属于人物关系类题型。选项的特征已明显说明要考察四种不同的人物关系。解题的关键是根据两人之间的谈话内容以及双方的语气来判断。女士问:“你在电脑上干什么?你难道忘记你的承诺了吗?”男士回答:“这不是电脑游戏,只是一个帮助我扩大词汇量的拼字游戏。”由关键词increase my vocabulary,基本可以判断男士的学生身份。加上女士反问的语气,综合考虑一下,正确答案应是母子关系。
例:A. At the airport.           B. In a restaurant
C. In the booking office.    D. At the hotel reception
原文为:
Woman: We don’t seem to have a reservation for you, sirI’m sorry
ManBut my secretary said that she had reserved a room for me here. I phoned her from the
airport this morning just before I got onboard the plane
QuestionWhere does the conversation most probably take place?  ( D )
解析:本题属于地点判断题。从所给选项就可清晰知晓问题一定是判断谈话地点的。所以听音时要特别留意表明地点的词语。女士的话的“似乎没有您的预定”已经告诉我们这里可能是酒店或餐馆,男士的话中“给我订了房间”的信息使我们进一步确认谈话地点是在酒店。
遇到职业身份与人物关系类题型,基本解题步骤应为:
① 浏览选项,确认题目类型。
② 听音时捕捉线索词,以便抓住关键信息,做出准确的判断。该题型的关键是线索词。无论职业和人物关系,还是谈话地点都只能根据这些线索推导出来。对大多数情景来说,考生无须听懂整个句子或对话连贯的意思,只要听清几个孤立的线索词就能解题。因此听音时要注意捕捉对话中出现的与说话人身份、对话的时间、地点等相关的线索词或关键词,并根据这些进行推断,选出正确答案。
③ 留意对话中双方的说话方式及语气。如前面的例2中所提到的:母亲质问的语气,可以帮助我们判断两人之间的关系。另外很多情况下,一些见面常用语也可以暗示某种职业。如:Can I help you? 一般是服务行业人员的用语,而What’s wrong with you?是医生的常用语。

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 楼主| 1130263094 发表于 14-1-23 22:40:39 | 只看该作者
(4)选项意义对立情况:

① 四个选项中有三个意义近似,另外一个与其他截然不同,这个不同选项很有可能为正确选项。

② 四个选项中有两个选项结构…样,但意思截然相反,正确答案在这两个选项中的概率较高。



3. 短文:

短文听力比起对话部分,难度较大,包含的信息多,有时会出现听不懂的词,很多考生可能会觉得这一部分很难。但若掌握了一定的解题规律,还是能取得满意的成绩。这就需要注意以下几部分内容:

1)浏览问题,预测短文内容

    一篇短文往往出两到三个题目。通过浏览问题中的关键词汇,基本可预测短文大意。假如在题中看到了以下词语:Palestine,Israel,Yasser Arafat,body bomb,PLO等,大致就可预测此篇文章将是关于巴以地区冲突问题,人体炸弹爆炸,多少人伤亡,之后何方人士讲话表示谴责或辩解。用此种方式可避免听到不懂的单词时的慌乱,而且更重要的是学会有的放矢,知道哪些地方该做笔记。

2)抓主题句,并注意问题的出现顺序与短文内容基本一致

   (1) 短文的主题·般出现在每段的开头第一句和最末一句话,因此听时要特别注意。因为主题往往是必考内容。

   (2) 表示文章结构的词。

     ① 表示并列、递进、例示关系的词,如:and,also,besides,likewise,similarly;

furthermore,moreover,in addition,what’s more;for example,for instance,take one example of

     ② 表示转折关系的词,如:but,however,nevertheless,nonetheless,otherwise,in spite of, despite,on the contrary

     ③ 表列;因果关系的词,如:so,therefore,as a result of, consequently;because,for,since,as,cause,etc.

     ④ 表示结构关系的词,如:first,second,last;first,next,then,at last;in a whole,to sum up,in short,in conclusion

(3) 注意短文中出现的数宁、时间、地点、人物、人物的身份、职业及其对某事物所

持的观点,这些常以细节题的形式出现。即便不能听懂整个篇章,也不会影响解决细节题。

(4) 听录音时在上述所说的敏感的地方做好笔记,如数字、时间、地点、人物、人物

的身份、职业及其对某事物所持的观点等。

(5) 听力材料中的生词处理方法:一是运用阅读理解中词汇猜测方法,根据上下文、逻辑关系等猜测词语的意思;二是录音中会对生词予以解释,利用解释理解信息;三是有些生词,特别是专有名词,无须了解其具体意思,但要了解听力材料中提到的该种类的特征;四是不能在有困难的地方停住而忽略后面的信息。

  (6) 平常应多积累一些英语国家的社会文化知识。短文听力考试的题材主要为故事、报道、介绍等,内容常涉及英语国家的历史地理,文化教育,风土人情,人物传记等。宽阔的知识面会使你在听力考试中受益无穷。

故事类短文解析:故事类短文通常介绍某人的经历或奇闻趣事。对丁此类文章,记叙的要素为:时间、地点、人物、事件(事件内容、起冈、结果、给人的启示等)等重要信息。

例如:

My friend,Vernon Davis kept birds.One day he phoned and told me he was going away for a week.He asked me to feed the birds for him and said that he would leave the key to his front door in my mailbox.Unfortunately,I forgot all about the birds until the night before Vernon was going to return.What was worse,it was already dark when I arrived at his house.I soon found the key Vernon gave me could not unlock either the front door or the back door.1 was getting desperate.I kept thinking of what Vernon would say when he came back.1 was just going to give up when l noticed that one bedroom window was slightly open.I found a barrel and pushed it under the window.As the barrel was very heavy,I made a lot of noise.But in the end.I managed to climb up and open the window.

I actually had one leg inside the bedroom when I suddenly realized that someone was shining a torch up at me.I looked down and saw a policeman and an old lady,one of Vernon’s  neighbors.“What are you doing up there?” said the policeman.Feeling like a complete fool,l replied,“I was just going to feed Mr. Davies’s birds.”

Questions 4—6 are based on the passage you have just heard.

4.Why couldn’t the man open the door?

5.Why did the man feel desperate'?

6.Why did the man feel like a fool?

一般科普类说明文解析:一般科普类说明文的结构比较清晰。短文开始会提出介绍对象,然后对介绍对象进行说明。虽然科普类说明文中会包括一些专有名词,使听力难度加大,但考生应注意听力的重点是了解文章对某一事物、现象的描述与分析,考生并没有必要了解某个专有名词的中文意思。

例如:

A new study reports the common drug aspirin greatly reduces life-threatening problems after an operation to replace blocked blood vessels to the heart.More than 800.000 people around the world have this heart surgery each year.The doctors who carried out the study say giving aspirin to patients soon after the operation could save thousands of lives.People usually take aspirin to control pain and reduce high body temperature.Doctors also advise some people to take aspirin to help prevent heart attacks.About 1 0-1 5 percent of these heart operations end in death or damage to the heart or other organs.The new study shows that even a small amount of aspirin reduced such threats.The doctors said the chance of death for patients who took aspirin would fall by 67%.They claimed this was true if the aspirin was given within 48 hours of the operation.The doctors believe aspirin helps heart surgery patients because it can prevent blood from thickening and blood vessels from being blocked.However,the doctors warned that people who have stomach bleeding or other bad reactions from aspirin should not take it after heart surgery。



Questions 13—15are based on the passage you have just heard.

13.What is the finding of the new study of aspirin?

14.In what way can aspirin help heart surgery patients according to the doctors?

15.What warning did the doctors give about the use of aspirin?

新闻类短文解析:新闻类文章的首句多为主题句,这一点应引起考生的注意。首句一般是某事件的发生、发展经过、时间、地点、、原因、后果等信息经常是考查的重点。新闻类短文的另一特点是长句较多,句子结构及选用的词汇较正式,这给理解带来一定的难度。

例如:

An elder woman yesterday made a legal claim against a department store because it had wrongly accused her of stealing a Christmas card.Ms.Doss White,72 years old,is claiming

$3,000 damages from the store for wrongful arrest and false imprisonment. Ms. White visited the store while doing Christmas shopping,but did not buy anything.She was followed through the town by a store manager.He had been told that a customer saw her take a card and put it in her shopping bag.He stopped her at a bookstore as she was reading a book.Ms.White said,‘‘This man,a total stranger,suddenly grasped my bag and asked if he could look in it.”She was taken back to the store and shut in a small room in full view of shoppers for 20 minutes until the police arrived.At the police station she was body.searched and nothing was found.Her lawyer said the department store sent an insincere apology and they insisted that she may have been stealing.The hearing continues today.

Questions16—19are based on the passage you have just heard.

16.What does the story tell us about the old woman?

17.What was said to have been stolen?

18.What happened to Ms.White alter she was taken back to the store?

19.What was now the attitude of the department store in this legal case?
沙发
 楼主| 1130263094 发表于 14-1-23 22:39:50 | 只看该作者
3)数字计算类题型:

数字与计算类的试题虽然不是每年的必考题型,但也属于常见题。这类题目涉及的方面比较广泛,包括对年月,日期,时间,价格,人数,号码等的提问,也可能就具体数字要求考生做相应的简单运算。此类题目的特征相当明显:四个选项一般都是相似或相关的数字,偶尔会有介词后跟数字。考生只要粗略一看选项都是与数字相关的,就很容易辨认。

    这种类型的试题,出题形式一般为两类:数字辨别和数字计算。其中数字辨别是比较简单的一类。主要考察考生是否能够确认数字与内容的各自对应关系。然后根据所提问题直接回答对应项。数字运算则考查加减乘除运算及混合运算。要求考生根据对话信息判断运算关系,从而进行运算找到答案。这一类型较前一类有更高的要求。数字与计算类试题常见的提问方式有:

How much/many…?

How far does the man/woman…?

How long will/did it take to…?

What time…?

At what time did the conversation take place?

When will...start?

例:

A.At 10:30     B.  At 10:25     C.  At 10:40    D.  At 10:45

原文为:

Man:So when are the other guys going to get here? The train is leaving in 10 minutes. We

can’t wait here forever.

Woman:It’s ten thirty already.They are supposed to be here by now.I told everybody to meet here.by 10:15.

Question:When is the train leaving?   ( C )

解析:本题属于数字计算类。在男士的谈话中提到火车十分钟后出发,由女士的回答可知,现在已经是10:30了。由此可推知火车开车的时间应为10:40。本题涉及数字的加法运算。同时也存在一个干扰项10:15。

遇到数字及计算类题型.基本解题步骤应为:

① 首先在浏览选项后迅速分析选项之间的数字关系,推测出题方向。在对话播放前,通过浏览选项可知.本题是关于时间的问题。

② 之后边听边针对选项作一些必要的记录,以便在回答提问时“对号入座”。同时也应留意对话中出现而选项中并未出现的数字。

③ 听清问题,选出对应项或适当的运算方法,得出正确答案。



又如:

A.$1.40     B. $4.30     C. $6.40  D. $8.60

原文为:

Woman:Here’s a 10-dollar bill, give me two tickets for tonight’s show please.

Man:Sure.Two tickets, and here’s 1.40 change.

Question:How much does one ticket cost?  ( B )

在对话试题播放前,我们浏览选项,可以判断出本题是有关价格的问题。进一步分析选项,发现选项中几个数字差别很大。无明确规律。这种情况下,我们需要更多的关注对话本身。当对话中女士说到1O-dollar,虽然选项中并未出现,但我们仍需随手记录,作为一个参考数字。男士的回答中出现了选项A$1.40,同时说明是change(找回的零钱),这样我们很容易地想到数字的减法运算$10一 $1.40=$8.60。如果仅仅捕捉到以上信息,我们此时很快会给出一个错误答案D。正确的做法是:听清问题,再进一步判断运算关系。在女士和男士的谈话中都强调了two tickets。而问题是one ticket。所以再次进行除法计算才能得出本题的正确答案$4.30。透过本题说明:听清提问,同样起到至关重要的作用。

要做好数字计算题.平时还应掌握各种数字的读法。如$9.40可以读作nine dollars and forty cents或nine dollars forty或nine forty。又如2006年读作two thousand and six.而1999年读作nineteen ninety.nine。同时注意一些与数字有关的词汇或表达方式。如more(多),less(少),early(早),late(迟),half(一半),quarter(四分之一),double(两倍),couple(一对),dozen(一打,十二个),every other day(每隔一天),twice a week(每周两次),four times(四次,四倍)等。

4)因果关系与否定类题型:

因果关系题是听力考试的一类常考题型。它要求考生正确理解某一事情发生的原因或结果.辨识含有因果关系的句子。此类题目一般侧重于对原因的考查,对结果的考查相对比较少。因果关系类题型一般涉及面较广.而且提示词很少,选项的特征也很不明显:大部分情况下,选项只是四个完整的陈述句,很难通过卷面线索判断出这一题是否属于因果关系题。所以,此类题型有一定难度。因果关系类题型常见的提问方式有:

Why does the man/woman do…?

Why is the man/woman…?

What causes…?

What happened…?

What do we learn from the conversation?

What is the man’s/woman’s reason for…?

例:

A.She is working in the city. B. Life in the suburbs is lonely.

C. Jobs are easier to find in the city  D. It’s less expensive living in the city.

原文为:

Man:Hi, Susan.Have you decided where to live when you get married?

Woman:I'd like to live in the downtown area near my work,but Nathan wants a house in the suburbs to save on expenses.   

Question:Why does Susan want to live in the city?  ( A )

解析:本题对话中并没有明显的因果关系提示词,所以需要通过理解上下文找出因果关系。对话中.男士问苏珊结婚后打算在哪儿住,苏珊回答说想住市区上班近。所以根据上下文翅断,苏珊应在市区上班。

否定类题型也是有难度的一类题目。考查的重点基本是两类:

1.直接,隐含否定题;

2.虚假否定题。隐含否定题的最大特点是:含意是否定的.但是不出现任何否定词。也就是说,表面是肯定的,实际是否定的。对话一方提出问题,另一方没有直接回答这个问题,而是讲一个事实,通过这个事实表示否定。这类题目在考试中很常见。虚假否定题,尤其常见双重否定。特点是:表面出现否定词,表示否定含义,但是实际上表示肯定意思。如:not impossible=possible;can’t agree more=agree。

否定类题型常见的提问方式有:

What does the man/woman mean?

What do you understand from the man’s/woman’s answer?

What do we learn from this conversation?

What does the conversation tell us?

Why did the man…?

例:

A.The woman is watching an exciting film with the mall.

B. The woman can’t take a photo of the man.

C. The woman is running toward the lake.

D. The woman is filming the lake.

原文为:

Man:Look, the view is fantastic.Could you take a picture of me with the lake in the background?

Woman:I am afraid I just ran out of film.

Question:What do we learn from the conversation?  ( B )  

解析:本题属于隐含否定题。男士请求女士给他拍照,女士没有正面回答,而是说胶卷用完了。其实这表示她委婉地拒绝了男士的请求。本题的解题关键是短语run out of(用完,用光)。

遇到因果关系类题型,基本解题步骤应为:

① 分析选项,预测对话后的提问是否涉及分辨因果关系。虽然这类题目的特征很不明显:大部分情况下,选项只是四个完整的陈述句,很难通过卷面线索来做出判断。但也有时我们可以发现一些线索.如:某一个选项暗示出该事实能导致某种结果。或好几个选项的事实能导致同一结果。考生应通过平时大量的训练和细致的分析争取尽快地抓住一些蛛丝马迹,做出准确的判断。

② 听音时,应特别注意提示因果关系的线索词。并且格外注意第二个人说的话。对话中如果出现了表示因果关系的提示词,则比较容易选出正确答案。但在多数考试中,考生都需要通过理解上下文找出因果关系,从而综合判断。而且,由于问题多集中在原因上,所以第二个人的答话内容往往就是问题所在,在平时练习时要多加注意。

板凳
 楼主| 1130263094 发表于 14-1-23 22:40:29 | 只看该作者
5)虚拟语气类题型:

    虚拟语气类题型是听力考试中的重点内容。这类题目的特点是:对话中有一方的话语中含有虚拟语气条件句。而其考点在于:对话中出现虚拟语气,而选项多为事实的陈述句。这类题型涉及到虚拟语气的不同时态和不同表达形式,有时候虚拟条件从句还以倒装的形式出现。所以听音上有一定难度。此外,在出题方向上,虚拟语气类题型涉及的范围也比较广泛:包括通过虚拟语气形式来考查观点、看法、态度、愿望以及建议等等。虚拟语气类题型常见的提问方式有:

What happened to the man/woman?

What can we learn from the conversation?

What does the man/woman mean?

What does the man/woman suggest?

What is the man/woman implying?

What does the second speaker mean?

例:

A.Teaching her son by herself.     B. Having confidence in her son.

C. Asking the teacher for extra help.     D. Telling her son not to worry.

原文为:   

Woman:What would you do if you were in my place?

Man:If Paul were my son I just not worry. Now his teacher is just giving him extra help and he’s working hard himself.He is sure to do well in the next exam.

Question:What’s the man’s suggestion to the woman?  ( B )

解析:本题是通过虚拟语气的句型来委婉地表示观点和看法的一类题型。女士担心儿子的学习,但不知如何做更为妥当,因此以虚拟语气提出“如果你是我你会咋办?”,希望男士给些建议。男士也沿用了同样的语气,说“我要是你就不担心了,如今老师在给他加课,他自己也挺努力的,下次考试一定会考好的。”他显然是建议女士不要过于担心,要相信儿子会进步的。

虚拟语气类题型是想测试考生对于虚拟语气的结构、用法以及它所包含的与事实相反的含义的理解。所以,考生首先必须熟练掌握虚拟语气的几种表达方式:If虚拟句型、Wish虚拟句型、If only虚拟句型以及情态动词表达的语气。除了这几种最常见的形式,此外还有一些不太常见的句型和以上形式的变体,如:

She suggested/proposed/advised/moved/commanded/demanded that...

It is his suggestion/proposal/advice/motion/command/demand that…

It is important/essential/necessary that(...should V…)

It is(high)time that(sb.were/did…),…as if/as though… ,Without(your help),(I)would…,But for…等。并且包含虚拟语气的考题中,常常有“是与非”相对的选项,通过对这类选项的分析,可以帮助考生把握听音时的重点,继而根据虚拟语气的表意功能,判断正确选项。



2.长对话:

长对话部分是听力测试新增题型。录音材料为两人交谈,对话结束后就对话内容进行提问。虽然长对话部分是新增题型,但对于考生而言,长对话听力练刿应该不陌生,因为大学英语听力教材中一般每个单元都包括长对话听力与练习。就题型而言,长对话涉及的问题一般包括如下几个方面:

1)谈话内容

  What are the speakers talking about?

  What is the conversation mainly about?

2)说话人关系

  What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?

3)对话地点

  Where does the conversation take place?

4)对话细节:就对话讨论中的细节进行提问,可涉及原因、结果等。

5)推论:根据对话内容推断说话人下一步如何做等。

对话第一句可能就会涉及主旨,考生应集中注意力,留心对话中表示原因、结论、决定等的内容,注意相应信号词(because,so,however,but,the most important thing,personally speaking等)。应快速浏览选项,查看选项类型。

(1) 选项为不同名词:总结名词种类,猜测可能的问题,留心相应的内容。

    A. Magazine.  B. TV.     C. Internet.     D. Newspaper.

  总结:四个词语都表示媒体。可能问题:(消息)媒体是什么?

A. Sales.      B.  Accounting. C.  Economy.    D.  Technology.

可能问题:某人的专业是什么? 工作领域是什么? 某人对什么感兴趣?

A.  Not sure.  B.  Four months later. C.  Three months later. D.  A week later.

可能问题:……需要多长时间?

(2) 选项为不定式:问题多询问原因或者目的。

    A.  To improve his social skills.   B.  To gain more money.

    C.  To have a change.            D.  To enjoy himself.

    可能问题:Why does the man/woman do sth?

(3) 选项涉及比较:留心听力录音中涉及比较的句子,并做笔记,弄清谁/什么,高/低,

     好/坏,避免张冠李戴。

     A.  The longer you stay there,the less likely you will buy drugs there.

     B.  You are more likely to buy drugs if you stay there for 30 minutes.

     C.  You are more likely to buy drugs if you stay there for less than l0 minutes.

     D.  Most people just look around in the drugstore.

     可能问题:哪个说法是正确的?

5#
 楼主| 1130263094 发表于 14-1-23 22:41:25 | 只看该作者
终于贴完了,希望对大家有点用!!
6#
wzb_seu007 发表于 14-1-24 19:56:15 | 只看该作者
感谢你的分享
7#
attactive 发表于 14-2-22 11:13:04 | 只看该作者
感谢你的分享
8#
angbing06 发表于 14-2-22 18:30:22 | 只看该作者
感谢你的分享
9#
angbing06 发表于 14-2-22 18:31:43 | 只看该作者
感谢你的分享
10#
dushashs 发表于 14-2-24 23:54:30 | 只看该作者
楼主太有爱了,写了这么多,辛苦了
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