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2008年秋电子科技大学考博英语真题
2007年春电子科技大学考博英语真题（含答案）
2005年春电子科技大学考博英语真题及详解
2005年秋电子科技大学考博英语真题及详解
2004年春电子科技大学考博英语真题
2004年秋电子科技大学考博英语真题及详解
2003年春电子科技大学考博英语真题及详解
2002年秋电子科技大学考博英语真题及详解
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2008年秋电子科技大学考博英语真题
Part I Vocabulary& Structure (15%; 0.5 for each)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in thispart. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choosethe ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter onthe Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
1. ______ dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful topexecutive.
[A]. Although
[B]. whatever
[C]. As
[D]. However
2.If only I ______ play the guitar as well as you!
[A] would
[B]. could
[C]. should
[D]. might
3. The party, ______ I was the guest of honour, was extremelyenjoyable.
[A]. by which
[B]. for which
[C]. to which
[D]. at which
4.It’s high time we ______ cutting down the rainforests.
[A]. stopped
[B]. had to stop
[C]. shall stop
[D]. stop
5. The student said there were a few points in the essay he ______ impossibleto comprehend.
[A]. has found
[B]. was finding
[C]. had found
[D]. would find
6. Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone ______ anopportunity to hear the speech.
[A]. ought tohave
[B]. must have
[C]. may have
[D]. should have
7.I am surprised ______ this city is a dull place to live in.
[A] that youshould think
[B]. by what youare thinking
[C] that youwould think
[D]. with whatyou were thinking
8. Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not ______ for herwork.
[A]. enough good
[B]. good enough
[C]. as goodenough
[D]. good asenough
9. It is imperative that the government ______ more investment intothe shipbuilding industry.
[A]. attracts
[B]. shallattract
[C]. attract
[D]. has to
10. Land belongs to thecity; there is ______ hing as private ownership of land.
[A]. no such a
[B]. not such
[C]. not such a
[D]. no such
11. My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed thatshe could walk ______ far.
[A]. /
[B]. such
[C]. that
[D]. as
12. The statistics ______ that living standards in the area haveimproved drastically in recent times.
[A]. proves
[B]. is proving
[C]. areproving
[D]. prove
13. There are only ten apples left in the baskets, ______ the spoiltones.
[A]. notcounting
[B]. not tocount
[C]. don’tcount
[D]. having notcounted
14.It was ______ we had hoped.
[A]. more asuccess than
[B]. a successmore than
[C] as much ofa success as
[D]. a successas much as
15.There used to be a petrol station near the park, ______?
[A]. didn’t it
[B]. doesn’tthere
[C]. usedn’tit?
[D]. didn’tthere
16. It is an offence to show ______ against people of differentraces.
[A].distinction
[B]. difference
[C]. separation
[D].discrimination
17.A great amount of work has gone into ______ the
C.athedral toits previous splendour.
[A]. refreshing
[B]. restoring
[C]. renovating
[D]. renewing
18.The thieves fled with the local police close on their ______.
[A]. backs
[B]. necks
[C]. toes
[D]. heels
19. The economic recession has meant thatjob ______ is a rare thing.
[A]. security
[B]. safety
[C]. protection
[D]. secureness
20.Many people nowadays save money to ______ for their old age.
[A]. cater
[B]. supply
[C]. provide
[D]. equip
21.The tone of the article ______ the writer’s mood at the time.
[A]. reproduced
[B]. reflected
[C]. imagined
[D]. imitated
22. This is not the right ______ to ask for my help; I am far toobusy even to listen.
[A]. time
[B]. opportunity
[C]. chance
[D]. case
23. The job of a student accommodation officer ______ a great manyvisits to landladies.
[A] concerns
[B]. offers
[C]. asks
[D]. involves
24. Our family doctor’s clinic ______ at the junction of two busyroads.
[A]. rests
[B]. stands
[C]. stays
[D]. seats
25.She was so fat that she could only just ______ through the door.
[A]. assemble
[B]. appear
[C]. squeeze
[D]. gather
26. After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repair the roof,which was ______
[A] leaking
[B]. trickling
[C]. prominent
[D]. noticeable
27. The reception was attended by ______ members of the localcommunity.
[A]. excellent
[B].conspicuous
[C]. prominent
[D]. noticeable
28. Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in themorning but ______ slightly in the afternoon.
[A]. regained
[B]. recovered
[C]. restored
[D]. revived
29. His brain has worked away on the ideaof a universal cure.
[A]. rich
[B]. quick
[C]. productive
[D]. fertile
30. The couple has donated a not ______ amountof money to the foundation.
[A].inconsiderable
[B].inconsiderate
[C]. inaccurate
[D].incomparable
Part II Reading Comprehension ( 50 scores; two for each)
Directions: Thereare six passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B),C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
TEXT A
In the case of mobile phones, change iseverything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing notonly our culture, but our very bodies as well.
First. Let’s talk about culture. Thedifference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone, youget whoever answers it.
This has several implications. The mostcommon one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our cultureforever, is the “meeting” influence. People no longer need to make firm plansabout when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to bearranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from theirplace of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can bearranged on the run. It is no longer “see you there at 8”, but “text me around 8 and we’ll see where we all are”.
Texting changes people as well. In theirpaper, “insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS TextMessaging”, two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobilephone users: the “talkers” and the “texters”-those who prefer voice to textmessage and those who prefer text to voice.
They found that the mobile phone’sindividuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outerpersonality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprisedif they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters topresent a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew themwell.
Another scientist wrote of the changesthat mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people usewhile speaking on the phone. There is the “speakeasy”: the head is held high,in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the “spacemaker”: thesepeople focus on themselves and keep out other people.
Who can blame them? Phone meetings getcancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on people’s privacy. So, it isunderstandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you needn’t worryso much. After all, it is good to talk.
31.when people plan to meet nowadays, they ______
[A] arrange the meeting place beforehand.
[B] postpone fixing the place till last minute.
[C] seldom care about when and where to meet.
[D] still love to work out detailed meeting plans.
32. According to the two British researchers, thesocial and psychological effect are mostly likely to be seen on ______
[A] TALKERS
[B] the “speakeasy”
[C] the “spacemaker”
[D] texters
33. We can infer from the passage that the textssent by texters are ______
[A] quite revealing
[B]well written
[C]unacceptable by others
[D] shocking to others
34. According to the passage, who is afraid of beingheard while talking on the mobile?
[A] talkers
[B] the speakeasy
[C]the spacemaker
[D] texters
35. An appropriate title for the passage might be______.
[A] the SMSeffect
[B] cultural implication of mobile use
[C] change in the use of the mobile
[D] body language and the mobile phone!
TEXT B
Over the last 25 years, British societyhas changed a great deal-or at least many parts of it have. In some ways,however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned.Ideas about social class-whether a person is “working-class” or“middle-class”-are one area in which changes have been extremely slow.
In the past, the working-class tended tobe paid less than middle-class people, such as teachers and doctors. As aresult of this and also of the fact that workers’ jobs were generally much lesssecure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence.The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, itwas widely believed, having given his wife her “housekeeping”, would go out andsquander the rest on beer and betting.
The stereotype of what a middle-classman did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was-and still is—inclined to take a longer-term view. Notonly did he regard buying a house of these provided him and his family withsecurity. Only in very few cases did workers have the opportunity （or the education and training） to make such long-term plans.
Nowadays, a great deal has changed. In alarge number of cases factory workers earn as much, if not more, than theirmiddle-class supervisors. Social security and laws to improve century, havemade it less necessary than before to worry about “tomorrow”. Working-classpeople seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in thepast. In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for themiddle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position.
The changes in both life-styles andattitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger people. They generallytend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their moneyin having a good time, and save for holidays or longer-term plans whennecessary. There seems to be much less difference than in precious generations.Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid （whatever the type of job they may have） and the low-paid. As long as this gapexists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousieswill emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will re-appear, but betweendifferent groups.
36. which of the following is seenas the cause of class differences in the past?
[A] life style and occupation
[B]Attitude and income
[C]income and job security
[D]job security and hobbies
37. the writer seems to suggestthat the description of is closer totruth?
[A] middle-class ways of spending money
[B] working-class ways of spending the weekend
[C] working-class drinking habits
[D] middle-class attitudes
38. according to the passage,which of the following is not a typical feature of the middle -class?
[A] desiring forsecurity
[B] Making long term plans
[C] having priorities inlife
[D] saving money
39. working-class people’s senseof security increased as a result of all the following factors except?
[A] better social security
[B] more job opportunities
[C] higher livingstandard
[D] better legal protection.
40. Which of the followingstatements is incorrect?
[A] Changes are slowly taking place in all sectorsof the British society.
[B] The gap between working-class and middle-classyoung people is narrowing.
[C] difference in income will remain but those inoccupation will disappear.
[D] middle-class people may sometimes feel inferiorto working-class people.
TEXT C
For several days I saw little of Mr.Rochester. In the morning he seemed much occupied with business, and in theafternoon gentlemen from the neighourhood called and some times stayed to dinewith him. When his foot was well enough, he rode out a great deal.
During this time, all my knowledge ofhim was limited to occasional meetings about the house, when he would sometimespass me coldly, and sometimes bow and smile. His changes of manner did notoffend me, because I saw that I had nothing to do with the cause of them.
One evening, several days later, I wasinvited to talk to Mr. Rochester after dinner. He was sitting in his armchair,and looked not quite so severe, and much less gloomy. There was a smile on hislips, and his eyes were bright, probably with wine. As I was looking at him, hesuddenly turned, and asked me, “do you think I’m handsome, Miss Eyre?”
The answer somehow slipped from mytongue before I realized it: ‘No, sir.”
“ah, you really are unusual! You are aquiet, serious little person, but you can be almost rude.”
“Sir, I’m sorry. I should have said thatbeauty doesn’t matter, or something like that,”
“no, you shouldn’t! I see, you criticizemy appearance, and then you stab me in the back! You have honesty and feeling.There are not many girls like you. But perhaps I go too fast. Perhaps you haveawful faults to counterbalance your few good points
I thought to myself that he might havetoo. He seemed to read my mind, and said quickly,” yes, you’re right. I haveplenty of faults. I went the wrong way when I was twenty-one, and have neverfound the right path again. I might have been very different. I might have beenas good as you, and perhaps wiser. I am not a bad man, take my word for it, butI have done wrong. It wasn’t my character, but circumstances which were to blame.Why do I tell you all this? Because you’re the sort of person people tell theirproblems and secrets to, because you’re sympathetic and give them hope.”
It seemed he had quite a lot to talk tome. He didn’t seem to like to finish the talk quickly, as was the case for thefirst time.
“Don’t be afraid of me, Miss Eyre.” Hecontinued. “You don’t relax or laugh very much, perhaps because of the effectLowood school has had on you. But in time you will be more natural with me, andlaugh, and speak freely. You’re like a bird in a cage. When you get out of thecage, you’ll fly very high. Good night.”
41.at the beginning miss Eyre’s impressions of Mr. Rochester were all except______.
[A]busy
[B]sociable
[C]friendly
[D]changeable
42.in “……and all my knowledge of him was limited to occasional meetings about the house,…”.theword “about” means ______.
[A]around
[B]on
[C]outside
[D]concerning.
43.why did Mr. Rochester say “ ……and then you stab me in the back!” （7th para.）?
[A]because Jane had intended to kill him with a knife.
[B]because Jane had intended to be more critical.
[C]because Jane had regretted having talked to him.
[D]because Jane had said something else to correct herself.
44.from what Mr. Rochest told Miss Eyre, we can conclude that he wanted to ______.
[A]Tell her all his troubles
[B]tell her his life experience.
[C]change her opinion of him
[D]change his circumstances
45.at the end of the passage, Mr. Rochester sounded ______.
[A]rude
[B]cold
[C]friendly
[D]encouraging.
TEXT D
The ideal companion machine-thecomputer-would not only look, feel, and sound friendly but would also beprogrammed to behave in a pleasant manner. Those qualities that makeinteraction comfortable, and yet the machine would remain slightlyunpredictable and therefore interesting. In its first encounter it might besomewhat hesitant, but as it came to know the user it would progress to a morerelaxed and intimate style. The machine would not be a passive participant butwould add its own suggestions, information, and opinions; it would sometimestake the initiative in developing or changing the topic and would have apersonality of its own.
Friendships are not made in a day, andthe computer would be more acceptable as a friend if it imitated the gradualchanges that occur when one person is getting to know another. At anappropriate time it might also express the kind of affection that stimulatesattachment and intimacy. The whole process would be accomplished in a subtleway to avoid giving an impression of over-familiarity that would be likely toproduce irritation. After experiencing a wealth of powerful, well-timedfriendship indicators, the user would be very likely to accept the computer asfar more than a machine and might well come to regard it as a friend.
An artificial relationship of this typewould provide many of the benefits that could continue from previousdiscussions. It would have a familiarity with the user’s life as revealed inearlier contact, and it would be understanding and good-humored. The computer’sown personality would be lively and impressive, and it would develop inresponse to that of the user. With features such as these, the machine mightindeed become a very attractive social partner.
46.Which of the following is not a feature of the ideal companion machine?
[A]Active in communication
[B]Attractive in personality
[C]Enjoyable in performance
[D]unpredictable in behaviour
47.The computer would develop friendships with humans in a （n）______ way.
[A]quick
[B]unpredictable
[C]productive
[D]inconspicuous
48.Which of the following aspects is not mentioned when the passage discusses thebenefits of artificial relationships?
[A]Being able to pick up an interesting conversation.
[B]Being sensitive to earlier contact.
[C]Being ready to learn about the person’s life.
[D]Having a pleasant and adaptable personality.
49Throughout the passage, the author is ______ in his attitude toward thecomputer.
[A]favorable
[B]critical
[C]vague
[D]hesitant
50.Which might be the most appropriate title of the passage?
[A]Artificial Relationships.
[B]How to Form Intimate Relationships.
[C]The Affectionate Machine.
[D]Humans and Computers.
Text E
Thousands ofyears ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later he used sharpbone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic. And that waswhere we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years. In the 1960sa newtool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical useto the armed forces and industry, but which was also, in time, to revolutionizethe art and science of surgery.
The tool is thelaser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for avery large number of different complaints. The word laser means: LightAmplification by Stimulated Emission of Light. As we all know, light is hot;any source of light—from the sun itself down to a humble match burning—willgive warmth. But light is usually spread out over a wide area. The light in alaser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light with no morepower than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intenselystrong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.
Experiments withthese pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources producebeams that have a particular effect on certain living cells. It is now possiblefor eye surgeons to operate on the back of the human eye without harming thefront of the eye, simply by passing a laser beam right through the eyeball. Noknives, no stitches (刀口缝合), no unwanted damage—a true surgical wonder.
Operations whichonce left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time nowleave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more difficult operationscan now be tried.
The rapid developmentof laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future islikely to be very exciting. Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser ina way that makes surgery not only safer but more effective. Altogether,tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseaseswhich can be treated medically.
51. Up until the 1960s the instruments usedto perform surgical operations were ______.
[A]fashionable
[B]extraordinary
[C]special
[D] basic
52. After the development of the laser inthe 1960s, we find that ______.
[A] medicalhelp became available for industrial workers.
[B] the studyof art went through a complete revolution.
[C] more andmore surgeons began using surgical instruments.
[D] man’s wholeapproach to surgery changed completely
53.The laser beam is so strong because ______.
[A] it iscomposed of a concentrated beam of light
[B] its heat isincreased by the heat of the sun
[C] it can beplugged into an ordinary light fitting
[D] it sendsout heat in many different directions
54.Surgeons can now carry out operationswhich ______
[A] can beperformed successfully only on the human eye
[B] result inlong periods of recovery time for patients
[C] are mademuch more complicated by using the laser beam
[D] result invery little damage to the patients themselves
55.The rapid development of lasertechniques has meant that ______
[A] in anotherten years we shall be able to cure cancer
[B] surgery islikely to improve considerably
[C] we shall beable to treat all the diseases we suffer from
[D] we are nowable to treat most forms of cancer
Part III Cloze (20scores; one for each)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank thereare four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. Youshould choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet witha single line through the centre.
In the United States, older people rarely live with their adult children. But in many othercultures children are expected to care (56) theiraged parents. In some parts of Italy, the percentage of adult children who (57)with their parents (58) 65 to 70percent. In Thailand, too, children are expected to care for their elderlyparents; few Thai elderly live (59)
56. [A]about [B]after [C]for [D]over
57. [A]reside [B] recite [C] redeem [D] rebel
58. [A]amasses [B] amounts [C] attains [D]reaches
59. [A]lone [B]alone [C]lonesome [D] lonely
What explains thesedifferences in living arrangements (60) cultures?Modernization theory (61) the extended familyhousehold to low levels of economic development. In traditional societies, theelderly live with their children in large extended family units for economicreasons. But with modernization, children move to urban areas, leaving oldpeople (62) in (63) ruralareas. Yet modernization theory cannot explain why extended family householdswere never common in the United States or England, or why families in Italy,which is fully modernized, (64) a strongtradition of intergenerational living. Clearly, economic development alonecannot explain (65) living arrangements.60. [A] over [B]across [C]within [D] above
61. [A]associated [B] linked [C]united [D] combined
62. [A]aside [B]after [C]over [D] behind
63. [A]isolated [B] segregated [C]idealized [D] secluded
64. [A]maintain [B]promote [C]reserve [D]support
65. [A] appointed [B] assigned [C]preserved [D] preferred
Another theoryassociated intergenerational living arrangements with inheritance patterns. Insome cultures, the stem family pattern of inheritance (66). (67) this system, parents live witha married child, usually the oldest son, who then (68) theirproperty when they die. The stem family system was once common in Japan, butchanges in inheritance laws, (69) broader socialchanges brought (70) by industrialization andurbanization, have (71) the (72)In 1960 about 80 percent of Japanese over 65 lived with theirchildren; by 1990 only 60 percent did—a figure that is still high (73)U. S. standards, but which has been (74) steadily.In Korea, too, traditional living arrangements are (75) :the percentage of aged Koreans who live with a son declined from 77 percent in1984 to 50 percent just 10 years later. Although most elderly Koreans stillexpect to live with a son, their adult children do not expect to live withtheir children when they grow old.
66. [A] controls [B]overtakes [C]predominates [D]overwhelms
67. [A] at [B]under [C]by [D]over
68. [A] delivers [B]conveys [C]conceives [D]inherits
69. [A] as well as [B]might as well [C]as well [D]well as
70. [A] off [B]up [C]around [D]about
71. [A] undermined [B]decreased [C]diminished [D]defeated
72. [A] authority [B]usage [C]habit [D]tradition
73. [A] by [B]on [C]with [D]in
74. [A] inclining [B]reclining [C]declining [D]reducing
75. [A] receding [B]removing [C]invading [D]eroding
PART IV WRITING (15 scores)
Directions: For this part, you arerequired to write a composition of about 200 words. You must base yourcomposition on the following outline:
Recently a Beijing information company dida survey of student life among more than 700 students in Beijing, Guangzhou, Xi’an, Chengdu, Shanghai, Wuhan, Nanjing, and Shenyang. The results have shownthat 67 percent of students think that saving money is a good habit while therest believe that using tomorrow’s money today is better, what do you think?
Writeon your answer sheet a compositions of about 200 words.
l You are to writein three parts.
l In the firstpart, state specifically what you opinion is.
l In the secondpart, support your opinion with appropriate detail.
l In the lastpart, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.
l You shouldsupply an appropriate title for you composition.
Markswill be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failureto follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.
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