标题: 在职考研英语阅读理解精选三 [打印本页] 作者: miao125521 时间: 13-3-6 17:33 标题: 在职考研英语阅读理解精选三 Between the eighth and eleventh centuries A. D., the Byzantine Empire staged an almost unparalleled economic and cultural revival, a recovery that is all the more striking because it followed a long period of severe internal decline. By the early eighth century, the empire had lost roughly two-thirds of the territory it had possessed in the year 600, and its remaining area was being raided by Arabs and Bulgarians, who at times threatened to take Constantinople and extinguished the empire altogether. The wealth of the state and its subjects was greatly diminished, and artistic and literary production had virtually ceased. By the early eleventh century, however, the empire had regained almost half of its lost possessions, its new frontiers were secure, and its influence extended far beyond its borders. The economy had recovered, the treasury was full, and art and scholarship had advanced.
To consider the Byzantine military, cultural, and economic advances as differentiated aspects of a single phenomenon is reasonable. After all, these three forms of progress have gone together in a number of states and civilizations. Rome under Augustus and fifth-century Athens provide the most obvious examples in antiquity. Moreover, an examination of the apparent sequential connections among military, economic, and cultural forms of progress might help explain the dynamics of historical change.
The common explanation of these apparent connections in the case of Byzantium would run like this: when the empire had turned back enemy raids on its own territory and had begun to raid and conquer enemy territory, Byzantine resources naturally expanded and more money became available to patronize art and literature. Therefore, Byzantine military achievements led to economic advances, which in turn led to cultural revival.
No doubt this hypothetical pattern did apply at times during the course of the recovery. Yet it is not clear that military advances invariably came first. Economic advances second, and intellectual advances third. In the 860’s the Byzantine Empire began to recover from Arab incursions so that by 872 the military balance with the Abbasid Caliphate had been permanently altered in the empire’s favor. The beginning of the empire’s economic revival, however, can be placed between 810 and 830. Finally, the Byzantine revival of learning appears to have begun even earlier. A number of notable scholars and writers appeared by 788 and, by the last decade of the eighth century, a cultural revival was in full bloom, a revival that lasted until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Thus the commonly expected order of military revival followed by economic and then by cultural recovery was reversed in Byzantium. In fact, the revival of Byzantine learning may itself have influenced the subsequent economic and military expansion.
1. Which of the following best states the central idea of the text?
[A] The Byzantine Empire was a unique case in which the usual order of military and economic revival preceding cultural revival was reversed.
[B] The economic, cultural, and military revival in the Byzantine Empire between the eighth and eleventh centuries was similar in its order to the sequence of revival in Augustan Rome and fifth-century Athens.
[C] After 810 Byzantine economic recovery spurred a military and, later, cultural expansion that lasted until 1453.
[D] The revival of the Byzantine Empire between the eighth and eleventh centuries shows cultural rebirth preceding economic and military revival, the reverse of the generally accepted sequence of progress.
3. In the third paragraph, the author most probably provides an explanation of the apparent connections among economic, military, and cultural development in order to
[A] suggest that the process of revival in Byzantium accords with this model.
[B] set up an order of events that is then shown to be not generally applicable to the case of Byzantium.
[C] cast aspersions on traditional historical scholarship about Byzantium.
[D] suggest that Byzantium represents a case for which no historical precedent exists.
4. Which of the following does the author mention as crucial evidence concerning the manner in which the Byzantine revival began?
[A] The Byzantine military revival of the 860’s led to economic and cultural advances.
[B] The Byzantine cultural revival lasted until 1453.
[C] The Byzantine economic recovery began in the 900’s.
[D] The revival of Byzantine learning began toward the end of the eighth century.
4. 【答案】D
【考点解析】这是一道审题定位题。根据题干中的“concerning the manner in which the Byzantine revival began”可将本题的答案信息迅速确定在本文的尾段。本题具体的答案信息在尾段的倒数第三句。因为尾段的倒数第二句是全文的中心主旨句，所以支持全文中心主旨句的最主要证据本应在该句之前。由于本题的题干涉及“Byzantine revival began”，故本题的答案应该是强调“拜占庭帝国文化复兴开始时间”的选项D。考生在解题时一定要对段落的行文发展和结构有所把握，这样才能迅速地审题定位。
5. According to the author, “The common explanation” (line 1, paragraph 3) of connections between economic, military, and cultural development is
[A] revolutionary and too new to have been applied to the history of the Byzantine Empire.
[B] reasonable, but an antiquated theory of the nature of progress.
[C] not applicable to the Byzantine revival as a whole, but does perhaps accurately describe limited periods during the revival.
[D] equally applicable to the Byzantine case as a whole and to the history of military, economic, and cultural advances in ancient Greece and Rome.