72. “In short”, a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.” (1994-72)
本句有四个动词：contends, call, was, expanded，可以分为四个部分：
a leader of the new school contends…(说话人)
as we call it…(定语从句，修饰the scientific revolution)
“the scientific revolution…was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments…(直接引语部分，为contends的宾语)
that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions(定语从句，修饰the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments)。
要注意定语从句that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions的翻译。
又如，
72. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. (1995-72)
本句的主干是How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon…and on…，其中主语是个主语从句How well…by later performance。本句有三个谓语动词：validated，depends upon，interpreted，所以翻译时本句可以拆分成三部分：
How well the predictions will be validated by later performance…
depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used…
and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
要注意定语从句with which it is interpreted的翻译。
例三，
62. Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.(2003-62)
本句的主干是Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry，定语从句which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner 修饰that branch of intellectual enquiry ，而定语从句that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena 又修饰先行词manner。本句有三个动词：is，seeks, use，所以翻译时本句可以拆分成三部分。要注意两个定语从句的翻译。
72. “In short”, a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.” (1994-72)
本句可以分四个意群确定词义。
第一个意群：in short简言之school学派contend 坚持认为，争辩，讨论
第二个意群：the scientific revolution 科学革命(不要译成“科技革命”)
as we call it 我们所谓的(科学革命)
第三个意群：largely 在很大程度上a series of一系列instruments器具、仪器
72. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. (1995-72)
本句可以分三个意群确定词义。
第一个意群：How well the predictions will be validated by later performance。
how well字面意思是“多好”，用来形容动词validated的程度，可变通为“在多大程度上”
predictions这些预测(predictions是复数，翻译时前面加“这些”)
validate证实
performance表现
第二个意群：depend on一般译为“取决于”
amount 数量reliability可靠性(增词法)
appropriateness 适宜性，合适性(增词法)
information used 所用的信息(定语前置)
注意：名词+of+名词---后面的名词整个作前面名词的定语。
第三个意群：with which it is interpreted，其中it指代information。with译成“用于”。被动语态可以变成主动语态：The information is interpreted with the skill and wisdom.(也取决于用来解释这些信息(所用的)技巧和智慧”。
例三，
62. Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.(2003-62)
本句可以分三个意群确定词义。
第一个意群：
social science社会科学 branch分支intellectual enquiry知识探索