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2013厦门大学814阅读及英美文学、语言学基础考研真题
2012厦门大学814阅读及英美文学、语言学基础考研真题及详解
2011厦门大学814阅读及英美文学、语言学基础考研真题及部分详解
2010厦门大学814阅读及英美文学、语言学基础考研真题及部分详解
2009厦门大学814阅读及英美文学、语言学基础考研真题及部分详解
2008厦门大学814阅读及英美文学、语言学基础考研真题及部分详解
2007厦门大学414阅读及英美文学、语言学基础考研真题及部分详解
2006厦门大学417阅读及英美文学、语言学基础考研真题及部分详解
2005厦门大学417阅读及英美文学、语言学基础考研真题
2004厦门大学417阅读及英美文学、语言学基础考研真题及部分详解
2003厦门大学417阅读及英美文学、语言学基础考研真题及部分详解
说明：厦门大学“阅读及英美文学、语言学基础”考试科目代号经常变，如2008～2013年考试科目代号为814，2007年考试科目代号为414等。虽然考试科目代号发生改变，但考题风格、难度等没变，因此考生一定要多加重视历年考研真题。
标明“真题及部分详解”的试题均含有语言学或英美文学部分的答案详解。2011年和2004年的真题均给出了英美文学部分的答案详解；2007～2010年以及2003年的真题均给出了语言学和英美文学这两部分的答案详解；2006年的真题给出了语言学部分的答案详解。
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2013厦门大学814阅读及英美文学、语言学基础考研真题
Part One ReadingComprehension 70 points
Passage 1
In 1575—over 400 years ago—the French scholar Louis Le Roy publisheda leaned book in which he voiced despair over the changes caused by the socialand technological innovations of his time, what we now call the Renaissance. Wealso feel that our times are out of joint; we even have reason to believe thatour descendants will be worse off than we are.
The earth will soon be overcrowded and its resources exhausted.Pollution will ruin the environment, upset he climate, damage human health. Thegap in living standards between the rich and the poor will widen and lead theangry, hungry people of the world to acts of desperation including the use ofnuclear weapons as blackmail. Such are the inevitable consequences ofpopulation and technological growth if present trends continue.
The future is never a projection of the past. Animals probably haveno choice to escape from the tyranny of biological evolution, but human beingsare blessed with the freedom of social evolution. For us, trend is not destiny.The escape from existing trends is now facilitated by the fact that societiesanticipate future dangers and take preventive steps against expected changes.
Despite the widespread belief that the world has become too complexfor comprehension by the human brain, modern societies have often respondedeffectively to critical situations. The decrease in birth rates, the partialprohibition of pesticides and the rethinking of technological of the productionand use of energy are but a few examples illustrating a sudden reversal oftrends caused not by political upsets or scientific breakthroughs, but bypublic awareness of consequences.
Even more striking are the situations in which social attitudesconcerning future difficulties undergo rapid changes before the problems havecome to pass—witness the heated arguments about the problems of behaviourcontrol and of genetic engineering even though there is as yet no proof thateffective methods can be developed to manipulate behaviour and genes on apopulation scale.
One of thecharacteristics of our times is thus the rapidity with which steps can be takento change the orientation of certain trends and even to reverse them. Suchchanges usually emerge from grassroot movements rather than from officialdirectives.
1. What canbe inferred from Paragraph 1?
A) Future will always be worse off than present
B) Worry about future seems to be inherited in human beings.
C) It is unnecessary to worry about future
D) It is justified to worry about future
2. According to the reading selection, if present trendscontinue, which one of the following situations will not occur?
A) An overpopulated earth will be unable to sustain its inhabitants.
B) The rich will become richer and the poor will become poorer.
C) New sources of energy form vast coal deposits will be substitutedfor the soon-to-be-exhausted resources of oil and natural gas
D) The effects of pollution will render the earth andits atmosphere a threat to mankind.
3. The best illustration of the meaning of “trend is notdestiny” in Para. 3 is ______.
A) human beingsare blessed with the freedom of social evolution
B) the world hasbecome too complex for comprehension by human brain
C) criticalprocessed can overshoot and cause catastrophes
D) the earthwill soon be overcrowded and its resources exhausted
4. According to the passage, evidences of the insight ofthe public into danger which surround us can be found in all of the followingexcept ______.
A) a decline inbirth rate
B) opposition tothe use of pesticides
C) public meetingsto complain about dumping chemicals in power production and energy use
D) an increasein the military budget by the president
5.The author is in favour if the opinion that ______.
A) nuclearweapons won’t play a prominent role in dealings among people
B) people feelpowerless when confronted with the sudden reversal of trend caused byscientific advances
C) modernscientists and the public are conscious of the future dangers and ready to take
D) our time is characterized by the trend of rapid development of scienceand technology which is inevitable and irreversible
Passage 2
When the private automobile began to arrive on the scene early inthis century, most urban and rural areas enjoyed rather adequate public transitsystems. In fact, the electric tram—here in this country called streetcar ortrolley—was conquering the world. It was clearly a time to recognize andappreciate a good thing when one saw is. And good they were, those electricstreet railways.
We could consider forever as to whether the authorities stopped tothink hard enough about the implications of the private car, which wasinitially intended only for the distinguished. If they had, their correctconclusion could hardly have been anything else but severe shrinkage if not atotal prohibition. Nothing of the sort did happen, and the disastrousconsequences have been with us ever since—and they are getting worse all thetime.
While feeling sorry for this development, most commentators take forgranted that it is too late to reverse this course of events; the costs wouldbe prohibitive, too many people would resist, and we would be left with wpermanent feeling of regret and shame for all the wasted resources, human,monetary and natural, if we should have to start all over.
Nevertheless, an opposite view presents itself. Though it would havebeen vastly preferable if governments had always paid attention to the oldsaying, “To rule is to foresee”, the trend in this century has been “Seeing isbelieving”. If the private car had been stopped suddenly, people would havecontinued to thirst for it, refusing to believe that traveling by car simplycould not work on any large scale. So the lesson, however costly it has been,may be seen as historically unavoidable among people who are less than perfect.
Having come to this conclusion, we ought to begin immediately with agradual withdrawal of private autos in favour of public transit vehicles. Oneparticular obstacle must be overcome in this effort: the false idea that weneed mass transit only during rush hours, and that cars are no problem in thequiet of the day.
In my opinion, mass transit should be built up asrapidly as possible to become so attractive that more and more people willdecide for replacing their cars when the time is up, for, as has been stressedin much of the literature on the subject, today’s population has not reallychosen them. Instead, for lack of an alternative, the auto was forced on us.
6. The author considers the disastrous consequencesbrought about by the private car as unavoidable because
_______.
A) it is toolate to reverse the development of the private car
B) many peoplewill resist this change because of all the resources wasted
C) people willnot discard the private car until they are aware of its grave side
D) thegovernment failed to pay attention to the old saying: “To rule is to foresee”.
7. When theprivate automobile came into being early in this century, ________.
A) theauthorities did not think hard enough about its implications
B) the authoritiesgave up their initial opposition to this transportation means
C) the publictransit system could no longer meet the ever-increasing demands of the public
D) the electrictram was already on the decline in face of the more advanced transit means
8.When the author say inParagraph 3 “If they had, their correct conclusion could hardly have beenanything else but severe shrinkage if not a total prohibition.” , he means_________.
A) the authorities were right in the issue of private cars.
B) it was wrong to get rid of private cars.
C) it is time to prohibit private cars.
D) the authorities made correct decisions about private cars.
9. The word “perfect”(in Para.4) most probably means _________.
A)accurate
B)faultless
C) skilful
D) ultimate
10. In theauthor’s opinion, the general public are using the private car because_________.
A) they thinkit is no problem in the quiet of the day
B) there ishardly enough public transit available in most areas
C) it presentsan irresistible attraction to them
D) they do nothave a satisfactory substitute
Passage 3
Within 80 years, some scientists estimate, the world must producemore than eight times the present world food supply. The productiveness of thesea raises our hopes for an adequate food supply in the future. Aided by men ofscience, we have set forth to find out that 70 percent of the earth remainsunexplored—the ocean depths. Thus, we may better discover and utilize the sea’snatural products for the world’s hungry.
It is fish protein concentrate that is sought from the seas. Byutilizing the unharvested fish in United States waters alone, enough fishprotein concentrate can be obtained to provide supplemental animal protein forone billion people for one year at the cost of less than half a cent per dayper person. The malnutrition of children is terribly tragic. But the crime liesin society’s unrestrained breeding, not in its negligence in producing fishpowder, but wherever the population projects are carefully considered, theanswer to the problem is something like this: There are few projects that coulddo more to raise the nutritional level of mankind than a full-scale scientificeffort to develop the resources of the sea. Each year some thirty million tonsof food products are taken from the sea, which account for 12 percent of theworld’s animal proteins. Nations with their swelling populations must pushforward into the sea frontiers for food supply. Private industry must step upits marine research and the federal government must make new attacks on theproblems of marine research development. There is a tone of desperateness inall these designs on the sea.
But what ismost startling is the assumption that the seas are an untouched resource. Thefact is that the seas have been, and are being, hurt directly and indirectly,by the same forces that have abused the land. In the broad pattern ofecological relationships the seas are not separable from what happens on theland. The poisons that pollute the soil and the air bring in massive doses intothe continental shelf waters. The dirt and pollution that spills from our urbansewers and industrial outfalls despoil our bays and coastal waters. All theboarder seas are already heavily polluted by the same exploitation drives thathave undermined the quality of life on land.
11. Accordingto the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A) Though thesituation is not urgent, we should press forward with our marine research.
B) Nationsthroughout the world must be provided with fish, fresh or frozen, for neededprotein.
C) There are enough fish in the seas to allow for annual proteinneeds of a quarter of the world’s 4 billion people.
D) The oceansare the major source of the world’s protein supply.
12. What does the word crime in the “thecrime lies in society’s unrestrained breeding (Paragraph 2) refer to?
A) shortage offood supply
B) negligenceof children welfare
C) control ofnatural resources
D) greed ofmankind
13. The author’s primary concern is that_______.
A) the oceanswill help to provide enough food for the world in the future
B) thirtymillion tons of food products are taken from the sea every year
C) city sewersare pouring forth polluted matter into bays and coastal waters
D) a steady increasein population will result in more hungry mouths to feed
14. The author of the passage is mostprobably of the opinion that ______.
A) the sea isan inexhaustible resource of food supply
B) the shortageof food supply mainly results from unrestricted population growth
C) theinadequate food supply is chiefly caused by the negligence in exploration ofthe sea
D) it is the population projects, rather than the development of searesources, that can improve the nutritional conditions of mankind
15. The most appropriate title for thispassage is ______.
A) The Role ofScience in Fighting Hunger
B) ScientificEfforts to Develop Sea Resources
C) TheImportance of Fish Protein in Our Diets
D) The Sea andOur Future Food Supply
Passage 4
The settlement of the United States has occupied traditionalhistorians since 1893 when Frederick Jackson Turner developed his FrontierThesis, a thesis that explained American development in terms of westwardexpansion. From the perspective of women’s history, Turner’s exclusivelymasculine assumptions constitute a major drawback: his defenders and criticsalike have reconstructed men’s, not women’s, lives on the frontier. However,precisely because of this masculine orientation, revising the Frontier Thesisby focusing on women’s experience introduces new themes into women’shistory—woman as lawmaker and entrepreneur—and, consequently, newinterpretations of women’s relationship to capital, labor, and statute.Turnerclaimed that the frontier produced the individualism that is the hallmark ofAmerican culture, and that this individualism in turn promoted democraticinstitutions and economic equality. He argued for the frontier as an agent ofsocial change. Most novelists and historians writing in the early tomidtwentieth century who considered women in the West, when they consideredwomen at all, fell under Turner’s spell. In their works these authors tended toglorify women’s contributions to frontier life. Western women, in Turneriantradition, were a fiercely independent, capable, and durable lot, free from theconstraints binding their eastern sisters. This interpretation implied that theWest provided a congenial environment where women could aspire to their owngoals, free from constrictive stereotypes and sexist attitudes. In Turnerianterminology, the frontier had furnished “a gate of escape from the bondage ofthe past.”
By the middleof the twentieth century, the Frontier Thesis fell into disfavor amonghistorians. Later, Reactionist writers took the view that frontier women werelonely, displaced persons in a hostile milieu that intensified the worstaspects of gender relations. The renaissance of the feminist movement duringthe 1970’s led to the Stasist school, which sidestepped the good bad dichotomy and argued that frontier women lived lives similar to the live of women inthe East. In one now-standard text, Faragher demonstrated the persistence ofthe “cult of true womanhood” and the illusionary quality of change on thewestward journey. Recently the Stasist position has been revised but notentirely discounted by new research.
16. The primary purpose of the passage isto
A) provide aframework within which the history of women in nineteenth-century America can be organized
B) discussdivergent interpretations of women’s experience on the western frontier
C) introduce anew hypothesis about women’s experience in nineteenth-century America
D) advocate anempirical approach to women’s experience on the western frontier
17. Which of the following can be inferredabout the novelists and historians mentioned in line 11?
A) Theymisunderstood the powerful influence of constrictive stereotypes on women inthe East.
B) They assumedthat the frontier had offered more opportunities to women than had the East.
C) Theyincluded accurate information about women’s experiences on the frontier.
D) Theyunderestimated the endurance and fortitude of frontier women.
18. Which of the following, if true, would provide additionalevidence for the Stasists’ argument as it is described in the
passage?
A) Frontierwomen relied on smaller support groups of relatives and friends in the Westthanthey had in the East.
B) The urbanfrontier in the West offered more occupational opportunity than theagricultural frontier offered.
C) Women participated more fully in the economic decisions of thefamily group in the West than they had in the East.
D) Western women received financial compensation for labor that wascomparable to what women received in the East.
19. It can be inferred that which of the following statements isconsistent with the Reactionist position as it is described
in the passage?
A) Continuity,not change, marked women’s lives as they moved from East to West.
B) Women’sexperience on the North American frontier has not received enough attentionfrom modern historians.
C) Despite itsrigors, the frontier offered women opportunities that had not been available inthe East.
D) Genderrelations were more difficult for women in the West than they were in the East.
20. Which of the following best describesthe organization of the passage?
A) A phenomenonis described and then theories concerning its correctness are discussed.
B) Threetheories are presented and then a new hypothesis that discounts those theoriesis described.
C) An importanttheory and its effects are discussed and then ways in which it has beenrevisedare described.
D) Acontroversial theory is discussed and then viewpoints both for and against itare described.
Passage 5
The main idea of these business-school academic is appealing. In aworld where companies must adapt to new technologies and source of competition,it is much harder than it used to be to offer good employees job security andan opportunity to climb the corporate ladder. Yet it is also more necessary thanever for employees to invest in better skills and sparkle with bright ideas.How can firms get the most out of people if they can no longer offer themprotection and promotion?
Many bosses would love to have an answer. Sumantrra Ghoshal of the London Business School and Christopher Bartlett of the Harvard Business School think they haveone: employability. If managers offer the right kinds of training and guidance,and change their attitude towards their underlings, they will be able toreassure their employees that they will always have the skills and experienceto find a good job—even if it is with a different company.
Unfortunately, they promise mere than they deliver. Their thoughtson what an ideal organization should accomplish are hard to quarrel with:encourage people to be creative, make sure the gains from creativity are sharedwith the pans of the business that can make the most of them, keep theorganization from getting stale and so forth. the real disappointment comeswhen they attempt to show firms might actually create such an environment. Atits nub is the notion that companies can attain their elusive goods by changingtheir implicit contract with individual workers, and treating them as a sourceof value rather than as a cog in a machine.
The authorsoffer a few inspiring example of companies—they include Motorola, 3M and ABB—that have managed to go some way towards creating such organizations. But they offer little useful guidance on how to go about it, and leave the biggestquestions unanswered. How do you continuously train people? How do you trainpeople to be successful elsewhere while still encouraging them to make bigcommitments to your own firm? How do you get your newly liberated employees tospend their time on ideas that create value, and not simply on those theyenjoy? Most of their answers are platitudinous; and when they are not they areconvicing.
21. We can infer from the passage that inthe past an employee _______.
A) had jobsecurity and opportunity of promotion
B) had to competewith each other to keep his job
C) had toundergo training all the time
D) had nodifficulty climbing the climbing ladder
22. What does the writer of this passagethink of the ideas of Ghashal and Bartlett?
A) Veryintrusive.
B) Veryinspiring
C) Hard toimplement.
D) Quite hash.
23.Ghoshal and Bartlett discuss _______.
A) changes inbusiness organizations
B) contractsbetween employers and employee
C) employmentsituation
D) managementideas
24. Which of the following Ghoshal andBartlett might not agree with?
A)employability can help staff members find a good job in other companies
B) training canlead to more frequent job switches
C) creativityis part of employability
D) training canconflict with profit in a company
25. This passage seems to be a(n)__________.
A) book review
B)advertisement
C) news report
D) researchpaper
Passage 6
From Frankenstein to the Titanic, history is littered with fictionaland real dramas and tragedies involving technology.
But the digital age, with its attendant high speed interactivehardware, visual imagery, and global linkage, has brought us a whole new kindof cultural and media phenomenon, something very bit as frightening as a plotby Mary Shelley: the technotragedy.
The late 90s have been littered with technotragedies: the Gulf War,the O-J. Simpson trial, the crash of TWA Flight 800, the Unabomber, the deathof Diana Spencer, and the murder trial of the tabloid culture’s own MaryPoppins, Louise Woodward. All are old stories presented in radically new ways.
Technotragedies begin with a dramatic event, and vivid imagesassociated with it. It helps if murder, mystery, or conspiracy are involved.When the staggering mass of old and new media technologies—print, radio, TV,cable, talk radio, satellites, the Net, and the Web—kicks in, these storiesquickly become the information world’s equivalent of an F-5 tornado.
Broadcast instantly and globally, stories like the Wood ward andSimpson trials and Diana’s death cause different information cultures—mainstreamand tabloid journalism, print and electronic, interactive and passive—to fuseand focus an unprecedented amount of attention on a single story, continuously,for days and weeks on end. The story mushrooms, sucking up everything around itand taking on a life and power of its own. We are confronted with moreinformation about a single subject than can possibly be lucid, coherent, oreven digestible. Cable channels, stuck with many hours of airtime and littlenew information to fill them with, scramble for “experts” who present and arguethese stories as if they were vast global sporting events. And as the Woodwardcase revealed, it’s no longer just major news that ignite these firestorm.Increasingly, regional stories are given the same intense international attention.
Yet for all the coverage, our understanding of the underlyingissues, class, child care—rarely grows. And technotragedies can sometimes bedangerous.
In the weeks following the TWA Flight 800 crash, every conceivableconspiracy theory, terrorist plot, and paranoid suspicion about the governmentand tis investigators was uncritically repeated, and flashed all over the worldaround the clock. Yet investigators now conclude that there was no evidence offoul play at all.
And remember the worldwide uproar against the hapless photographersreported to have been responsible for Diana’s death? Only after the story dieddown did we—those of us particular attention to the inside pages of newspaper—learnthat the photographers played no role in her death, that they were followingfar behind her speeding car when it crashed, that they did call for help, andthat they didn’t interfere with rescue efforts.
Technotragedies can undermine poetics as well as unsubstantiatedtheories spread, controversies arise, and scapegoats get singled out, often ina climate of unfiltered hysteria. Journalism, the institution charged withoffering us a clear and truthful petite, now morphs into a new kind ofelectronic mob, transmitting distortions instead of correcting them, pursuing revelationover truth, pathos over reason.
As a culture,we have yet to learn how to cope with the changes. As these stories becomered-hot, we have to stay cooled. As emotional imagery is beamed at us fromevery direction, we need to stay detached. As vast amounts of information,opinions, and imagery rain down on us via talk shows and web sites, we have tolearn how to be skeptical and patient. We have to grasp the ironic realitythat, in an era when stories come to us faster than ever, the truth, if it comesat al, is apt to arrive slowly.
26. What does the writer of the passagemean by “technotragedy”?
A) A tragedy inthe modern age.
B) A tragedybrought about by modern technology.
C) A tragedycaused by the new media technology.
D) A tragedythat became the focus of attention for days and even weeks on end.
27. What can we learn from the mediacoverage of Diana’s death?
A) It helps usunderstand the events as they unfold.
B) It helps thePolice in the investigation of the accident.
C) It confusedthe audience rather than inform them.
D) It oftenleads to mere tragedies.
28. According to the author, what doestechnotragedies do to journalism?
A) They enrichjournalism.
B) Theystrengthen journalism.
C) They destroyjournalism.
D) They pollutejournalism.
29. What is the writer’s advice to usconcerning the media
A) Wait till itgives truthful account of the events.
B) Don’t be tooready to trust it.
C) Turn a deafear to it.
D) Grasp theunderlying issues of our time.
30.What is the tone of the passage?
A) subjective
B) irritated
C) cynic
D) spiteful
Passage 7
Is America’s mortgage market rigged against blacks? Yes, say manyresearchers and lobbyists. Blacks are rejected for home loans far more oftenthan whites; and despite four years of tough enforcement of anti-discriminationlaws, they are likelier to be turned down than when Bill Clinton took office.No, retort mortgage lenders. Relative rejection rates reflect not race, butsuch things as credit and debt histories. And anyway, black home-ownership andlending to black borrowers have both increased sharply in the past few years.Both sides agree that good candidates, of whatever colour, will get mortgages,whereas bad ones will not, and that explicit racism is gone. They disagreeabout the treatment of applicants whose economic histories are flawed but nothopeless. Among this group, according to a paper by economists at the BostonFederal Reserve, published last year and much discussed since, whites do get abetter deal. The authors estimated the effect of 38 variables, such as incomeand location of property, on the chances of getting a loan. Had blacks beentreated in the same way as whites, they concluded, 21% would have beenrejected; in fact, 28% were.
Follow-up work by researchers at the Chicago Fed found that the loanofficers in the Aston study—almost all of them white treated objectiveinformation differently according to the race of the applicant. In particular,bad credit histories and indebtedness cut blacks’ chances of approval far morethan those of whites. However, this research has come under attack. Suppose,say its critics, that blacks were being widely discriminated against. Thenblacks who succeed in getting mortgages should be less likely to default thanwhites. But a study by four economists at the Federal Reserve found that blackdefault rates are higher. Moreover, black-owned banks tend to have been higherrejection rates, suggesting factors other than race are at work.
The Clinton administration has not joined the search war, but itclearly smells racism in the lending process. And rather than pursuingindividual instances of discrimination, it is bringing lenders toward the useof technocratic tools that are colour-blind but unforgiving to Americans withlow incomes. Ironically, these even fairer tools may help to expose why allracial categories, and especially blacks, are suffering hetaerae denial rates.
Increasingly, lenders gather information about applicants over thephone, by post or via a computer, rather than face-to-face. Remote assessmentis much favoured by mortgage brokers, who accounted for 56% of the loan market.Because it is easier to bundle together loans with few quarks, they favourhassle-free applicator. And because they like to deal with large amounts ofmoney, many prefer not to bother with low-value mortgages. The rise of theselenders has made it more likely that poorer Americans. Black or white, will beleft out.
Another tool, credit scores, measures the risk of delinquency anddefault. Scores are calculated by compiling information on applicants’ credithistories. Those with less than a given score are turned down. Sinner FannieMae and Freddie Mac, another government-backed provider of secondary mortgages,last year asked lenders to provide credit scores, their use has soared.
The virtue ofremote assessment is that it is impossible to be racist when the applicants isinvisible. But the irony is that blacks are on average poorer than mostAmericans, they are more likely to be economically insecure and to have dodgiercredit histories. Thus these colour-blind devise will not increase black’saccess to montage finance may do the reverse. Mr. Clinton will probably blamethe computer.
31. According to the passage, which of thefollowing statements is true?
A) It is verydifficult to enforce anti-discrimination laws.
B) The mortgagemarket is to blacks.
C) Lendings toblacks have risen sharply in the past few years.
D) Racism isstill strong in the mortgage market.
32. There are two sides about the issue ofblack mortgage. Which of the following is the different opinion between them?
A) There is nomore open racial discrimination is the issue.
B) Blackapplicants with low credit scores are discriminated against.
C) There is anincrease in black mortgage rates in recent years.
D) If blackapplicants were treated equally, fewer of them would be rejected.
33. According to a research at the BostonFederal Reserve, blacks ______.
A) are morelikely to get a loan than whites in similar circumstances
B) are morelikely to be rejected for a loan than whites in similar circumstances
C) are lesslikely to default on loans than whites in similar circumstances
D) are treatedon an equal footing as whites in similar circumstances
34. According to the passage, if remoteassessment and credit scoring are adopted, _____.
A) blacks’access to home loans will increase
B) blacks’access to home loans may well decrease
C) the problemof racial discrimination will be solved
D) default onloans will be lowered
35. The author of this passage is of theopinion that ________.
A) America’s mortgage market is set against blacks’
B) blacks areturned down for mortgages because of racial discrimination
C) economic reasonsaccount for the rejection of blacks for mortgages
D) thegovernment must take action to give blacks access to mortgages
Part Two Linguistics 30 Points
1. Is firstlanguage acquisition different from foreign language learning? If yes, how? 10points
2. Do youthink there is any true synonym in English? Why? 10 points
3. What is adialect and what is a register? 10 points
Part Three Literature 50 points
1. Write down the names of the authors ofthe following literary works: (9 points)
A. The Houseof Mirth
B. Herzog
C. The Soundand the Fury
D. The GrassIs Singing
E. Lord ofthe Flies
F. Possession
G. Pygmalion
H. “Wherever Isat, there I might live, and the landscape radiated from me accordingly.”
I. “Beauty is truth, truth beauty,--that is all / Ye know on earth,and all ye need to know.”
2. Explain THREE of the following literaryterms: (in about 50 words for each) (9 points)
A.postmodernism
B. feminism
C. unreliablenarrator
D. the BeatGeneration
E. dramaticmonologue
F. Bildungsroman
3. Describe and make comments on THREE ofthe following characters: (in about 50 words for each) (12points)
A. Shylock (in TheMerchant of Venice)
B. Friday (in RobinsonCrusoe)
C. Mr. Kurtz (inHeart of Darkness)
D. Sethe (in Beloved)
E. Blanche (in AStreetcar Names Desire)
4. Answer ONE of the following questions:(in no less than 100 words) (10 points)
A. “The American Dream” is a major theme running through theAmerican literary history. Please define the term in cultural, historicalcontexts, and then illustrate with examples.
B. What is the significance of “Harlem Renaissance” in the Americanliterary history? Please illustrate your points with examples.
5. Read the following poem and write ashort essay based on the following questions:
(in no less than100 words) (10 points)
Fire and Ice
by Robert Frost (1874-1963)
Somesay the world will end in fire,
Some say inice.
From what I’vetasted of desire
I hold withthose who favor fire.
But if it hadto perish twice,
I think I knowenough of hate
To say that fordestruction ice
Is also great
And wouldsuffice.
Questions:
A) Do you think thenatural world will end someday? If yes, how will the world end in your opinion?
B) What’s therelationship between fire and desire and that between ice and hate?
C) What’s yourinterpretation of the poem?
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