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一、词汇短语
Text A
clutch [klQtF] v. 抓住,攫住
n. 离合器
例句Careless use of the clutch may damage the gears. 离合器使用不慎可能损坏传动装置。
词组clutch at 抓住
palm [pB:m] n. 手掌,掌状物;棕榈树;胜利
v. 将…置于掌中;欺骗
例句①Growing alongthe river are tall palm trees. 沿着这条河生长的是高大的棕树。
②He palmed off the fakeSwiss watches on the shop keeper. 他把假瑞士表骗卖给那家店主。
词组grease sb.'s palm贿赂某人;打点
havesb. in the palm of one's hand完全掌握某人;完全控制某人
grease/oilsb.’s palm with买通;向…行贿
curiosity [kjuEri5Rsiti] n. 好奇(心);求知欲(想知道或学习的欲望);古玩,珍品
例句He is full of curiosity. 他充满了好奇心。
助记cur(关心)+iosity→“家事,国事,天下事,事事关心”→好奇心
sort[sC:t] n. 种类;类别
v. 整合,整理
例句I'll leave you to sort this problem out. 我把这个问题交给你来处理。
词组sort of有点
sortout 挑选出
outof sorts身体不适;脾气坏的;恼怒的
派生sortedadj. 分类的;分选的;挑选的
rank [rANk] n. 军衔;社会阶层;排列,横列
v. 排列;分等级,把…分类
例句This town ranks high among beauty spots. 这城市在风景区中享有盛名。
词组in the ranks 当兵,当战士
inrank 成行列;成队列
firstrank 一流的
rankamong 跻身于…;属于…之列
rankwith 与…并列
keeprank 保持队形
inthe front rank 著名;在前列
派生ranking n. 等级;地位
overlook[7EuvE5luk] v. 漏看,忽略;俯瞰,眺望;宽容,放任
n. 忽视;眺望
例句They overlooked the enormous risks involved. 他们忽略了其中涉及的极大危险。
助记over(在…上面)+look(看)→从上面看→俯瞰。
joyfully [dVCifEli] adv. 高兴地,喜悦地
例句We shall joyfully tell one another everything that has happened. 我们将快乐地告诉对方过去发生的一切。
misgiving [mis5^iviN] n.(尤指对未来事件的)疑虑,担忧,害怕
例句Icould see he had some misgivings about lending me the car.我可以看出他对于借给我车有些疑虑。
revolve[ri5vClv] v.(使)旋转;考虑;公转,循环
例句The earth revolves both round the sun and on its own axis. 地球既公转又自转。
词组revolve around 围绕…转动;以…为中心
派生revolution n. 革命;旋转;运行;循环
Creator [kri5eitE] n. 上帝;造物主
例句For if you doubt outcome, then you must doubt the creator—you must doubtGod.
因为如果你对结果怀疑,那么你就一定会怀疑造物主——你一定会怀疑上帝。
observant [Eb5zE:vEnt] adj. 善于观察的;机警的;严格遵守的
例句Whatever you do, be observant of what is going on around you.
无论你在做什么,对于你周围发生的一切要善于观察。
resort [ri5zC:t] ? vi. (to)求助,凭借
n. 胜地,常去之处
例句①The government resorted to censorship of thepress. 政府以新闻审查制度为手段。
②The island is noted for its summer resort. 这个岛因避暑胜地而著称。
词组resort to诉诸于…
助记re(阿姨)+sort(分类)→阿姨分类求助(因为生活中不是每个人都是你朋友的,有的人是不会帮你的,所以要分类求助)。
paradise [5pArEdaiz] n. 天堂,伊甸园
例句①Thisclub is a sportsman’s paradise. 这个俱乐部是运动爱好者的乐园。
②A dip in the sea on a hot day issheer paradise. 热天洗个海水澡是十分令人惬意的事。
perseverance [7pE:si5viErEns] n. 坚持不懈;不屈不挠
例句They showed great perseverance in the face of difficulty. 他们面对困难表现了坚强的毅力。
sweetheart[5swi:thB:t] n. 爱人;心上人
vt. 向…求爱;与…恋爱
例句He was loath to surrender hissweetheart to his wife.他实在不想将情人交给自己的老婆。
trace [treis] n. 痕迹,踪迹;微量;缰绳
vt. 描绘;追踪,跟踪(常与along,through,to连用)
例句They traced the criminal to a house in the city. 他们追踪罪犯,一直追到了城里的一座房子里。
词组trace sb. sth. (to sth.) 追踪;追溯;探索
tracesth. (back) to sth. 找出某事的根源
withouta trace 无影无踪地;渺无踪迹地
traceout 描绘出;探寻;轨迹为
(hot)on the trace of(紧)追…,追赶…
助记记忆:t拼音“他”,race“赛跑”,他们的狗在比赛跟踪。
派生tracing n. 追踪;追查;描摹
vain[vein] adj. 无益的,徒劳的;自负的;爱虚荣的
n. 徒劳,白费
例句Trying to persuade him is a vain attempt. 试图说服他是徒劳的。
词组in vain/vain efforts徒劳;
助记男:“我爱你”。女:“无效的”。
startled[5stB:tld] adj. 受惊吓的
v. 震惊(startle的过去分词)
例句He was startled by thenews.这消息使他大吃一惊
halt[hC:lt] v. (使)停住,(使)停止
n. 止步,停步,停止前进
例句No one can halt the advance of history. 谁也阻挡不了历史的前进。
词组bring to a halt (bring a halt to) 使停止,终止,制止
cometo a halt 停止前进;停下来
halton 出错暂停
grindto a halt 慢慢停止
助记ham 火腿,后腿 + per (音:跛)→后腿跛,后腿弄跛→妨碍,阻碍
派生halting adj. 犹豫的;蹒跚的;跛的
invade[in5veid] v.. 侵入,侵略(别国),侵害
vi. 进行侵略
例句The army invaded the town. 军队入侵了这个城市。
助记in(进入)+vad(走)+e→未经允许走进来→侵犯,侵扰;
派生invasion n. 入侵,侵略;侵袭;侵犯
border[5bC:dE] n. 边界,国界;边沿,边境
vt. 与…接壤;接近
vi. 接壤;近于;接[相] 近
例句His words bordered on rudeness. 他的话近乎粗鲁。
词组on the border of临近;将要
助记拆分:bor—博,der—得。奇记:他终于博bor得der了国界的好评
conjurer [5kQndVErE] n. 巫术师,巫师
例句The reputation of the conjurer was rapidly sinking below zero. 魔术师的信誉一下子下降到最低点。
circus [5sE:kEs] n. 马戏团,杂技团;马戏场,杂技场
例句The city is a circus of the senses.城市是理念的竞技场。
助记circ(圆圈)+us(我们)→看马戏时,我们围成一圈。
clown [klaun] n. 小丑;粗鲁愚蠢的人
v. 扮小丑;闹笑话,逗趣
例句The clown's performance made people laugh. 小丑的表演把人们逗笑了。
助记音:克朗,屎克朗,推粪球的小虫,长得象小丑
lift[lift] v.. 举起,提升;鼓舞;空运;抄袭
vi. 消散;升起;耸立
n. 电梯;举起;起重机;搭车
例句The helicopter lifted the entire team to the meet. 直升飞机把全队空运到运动会现场。
词组lift from 从…提起
lord [lC:d ] n. 主;上帝
int. 主,天啊
vt. 使成贵族
vi. 作威作福,称王称霸
例句Lions are lords of the jungle. 狮子是森林之王。
词组lord it over 对…作威作福,对…称王称霸;向…逞威风;对…摆架子
daze [deiz] v.. 使茫然;使眼花缭乱;使晕眩
n. 迷乱,眼花缭乱
例句He has been in a daze during the entire class.他整堂课精神一直都很恍惚。
词组in a daze在恍惚中;眼花缭乱;不知所措
irritate[5iriteit] v. (使)烦恼,激怒,(使)急躁
例句The noise of the children was irritating me. 孩子们的吵闹使我恼火。
词组irritated by/at the delay 受耽搁而恼怒
派生irritation n. 刺激;刺激物;激怒;兴奋
stretch [stretF] n. 拉长;伸展;一段时间/路程
v. 伸长,伸展
例句This material stretches well. 这种材料的伸缩性很好。
词组at a stretch不停地;连续地
at full stretch达到个人能力的限度;竭尽全力
stretch out伸伸腿
助记音:拽扯,拽直
Text B
tuition[tju:5iFEn] n. 学费;(某一学科的)教学,讲授,指导
例句Mary has derived a lot of benefit from her tuition. 玛丽从她的教学中得到很大收益。
助记tui(拼音:退)+tion(名词后缀)→新东方的学费在试听不满意时是可以退的。
residence[5rezidEns] n.住处,住宅;居住
例句Residence in the areaqualifies you for membership. 只要在本区居住就可入会。
词组take up residence居住
inresidence 住校;住在任所
助记re再,side坐,nce——再坐到住宅里面。
impoverish[im5pBvEriF] v.使赤贫;使土地贫瘠
例句We need to reduce theburden of taxes that impoverish the economy.我们需要减少使经济贫困的租税负担。
extracurricular [eskstrEkE5rIkjJlE(r)] adj. 课外的;业余的;婚外的
例句In addition to my studies, I got involved in lots of extracurricularactivities.
除了学习以外,我参加许多课外活动。
roam [rEum] v. 漫游, 闲逛, 徜徉
n. 漫步, 漫游, 徘徊
例句Barefoot children roamed the streets. 光着脚的孩子们在街上闲逛。
词组roam around闲逛;漫游
auditorium [7C:di5tC:riEm] n. 观众席,听众席;会堂,礼堂
例句The graduation ceremony took placein the college auditorium. 毕业典礼是在学校的礼堂举行的。
助记audi(听)+torium(地点)→让大家听到演讲的地方→大礼堂。
amid [E5mid] prep. 在…之中;被…围绕
例句Amid warm applause the honoredguests mounted the rostrum. 在热烈的掌声中贵宾们登上了主席台。
heap[hi:p] n. (一)堆,大量,许多;累积
v. (up)堆,堆起
例句Heheaped up great wealth. 他积累起大量财富。
词组heaps of 大量;许多
aheap of [口] 一大堆;许多
助记heap→cheap(便宜的)→一堆便宜货。
merit [5merit] n.优点,价值;功绩;功过
vt. 值得
vi. 应受报答
例句She was awarded a certificate of merit for her piano playing. 她获得一张钢琴演奏荣誉奖状。
词组on its merits 根据事物本身的优缺点;按照事情的是非曲直
助记marryit 嫁给他是因为他的长处与优点。
resolve[ri5zClv] v.决心;(使)分解,溶解;决议
n. 解决;决心
例句He resolved on going out. 他决定出去。
词组resolve into使分解为…;归结为
助记re(又,再)+solve(解除,解决)→又一次解决了→使分解
scrub [skrQb] v. 洗擦,擦亮;取消,废除
n. 灌木丛;矮树,渺小植物;擦洗
例句①Wehad to scrub our plans for vacation. 我们不得不取消度假计划。
②Don’t forget to scrub behind yourears.不要忘了把你耳朵后面洗干净。
词组scrub (out) an order取消命令
scrubsth. away/off将某物擦洗掉
bodyscrub 身体角质;身体磨砂膏
scrubtyphus 恙虫病;洪水热
coast [kEust] n. 海岸;海滨
pal [pAl] n.好朋友,伙伴,同志
vi.结为朋友
例句You can pal up with him.你可以和他交朋友。
词组pen pal笔友(等于pen friend)
palup (with sb)(与某人)结交,为友
budge [bQdV] v.. (略为)挪动,微微移动
vt.(微微)移动,推动
例句She stepped on the gas but the car didn't budge.她踩油门,但汽车开不动。
ardor [5B:dE] n. 热诚;情欲, 激情
例句He shows great ardor for fame.他对名誉表示出热切的渴望。
词组ardor for对…的热情
redeem [ri5di:m] v. 偿还,赎回,挽回;兑换;履行契约
例句①He redeemed the jewelry from the pawnshop byrepaying the loan. 他偿还贷款后从当铺赎回了珠宝饰物。
②The sole redeeming feature of this job is the salary. 这份工作唯其薪水尚可弥补它的一切之不足。
助记re重新,deem(认为;相信),赎罪后的人是要重新认可的。
hurdle [5hE:dl] n. 篱笆, 栏, 障碍, 跨栏, 活动篱笆
v. 用篱笆围住, 跳过(栏栅), 克服(障碍)
例句Two-thirds of candidates fail atthis first hurdle and are sent home.
2/3的候选人未能通过这第一关,被打发回家了。
annotate [5AnEuteit] v.. 注释;
vt. 注释;作注解
例句Some people annotate as they read.有些人边读书边作评注。
dread [dred] n. 恐惧;可怕的人(或物)
vi.惧怕;担心
vt.惧怕;担心
adj.可怕的
例句I dread a visit to the dentist. 我害怕去看牙医。
助记原来用作动词指阅读(read)恐怖小说,后来阅读所有的东西都用了read,而dread就成了恐怖的意思。
派生dreadful adj. 可怕的;糟透的,令人不快的
sheaf [Fi:f] n. 捆, 束
v. 捆, 束, 札
例句The speaker had a sheaf of notes on the desk in front of him. 演讲者在他面前的桌子上放着一叠笔记。
jovial [5dVEuvjEl] adj. 天性快活的;主神朱庇特的
例句Amidst the drumbeats and jovial chants, time passed.时间在鼓声和愉快的圣歌声中流逝。
seminar [5seminB:] n.研究会,(大学的)研究班,研讨会
例句I hadenrolled in the seminar out of sheer curiosity. 我加入研讨会纯粹是出于好奇心。
cram [krAm] adj. 填鸭式学的
vt. 填满;死记硬背;猛吃
例句My son go to cram school everyevening.我的儿子每晚都去上补习班。
crushing [krQFiN]adj. 压碎的,压倒的;使人受不了的;决定性的
例句They lived underneath a crushing tyranny.他们生活在难以忍受的暴政下。
maroon [mE5run] n. 栗色;逃亡黑人奴隶;孤立的人
例句a maroon hand-knitted sweater一件栗色的手织毛衣
befit [bi5fit] v. 适合于;为…该做的;对…适当
例句They offered him a post befitting his seniority and experience.他们给他提供了一个同他资历相当的职位。
unearth [5Qn5E:W] v. 发掘;揭露,发现;从洞中赶出
例句Many unearthed cultural relics were exhibited at the museum. 博物馆展出了许多出土文物。
词组unearth buried treasure 挖掘深埋的宝藏
uneartha plot 破获一起阴谋
uneartha secret 发现一个秘密
助记un 否定 + earth 埋入土中,类似undo,将埋入土中的再挖出来。
indignation[7indi^5neiFEn] n. 愤慨,义愤
例句I expressed my indignation at being unfairly dismissed. 我对不公正地被解雇表示愤慨。
助记in(在里面)+dig(挖)+nation(国家)→到处挖墙脚的国家让人愤怒
spoof [7spu:f] v. 揶揄,嘲讽,哄骗
例句You've been spoofed. 你上当了。
词组spoof of/on sth. 滑稽的模仿
助记源于:俄国喜剧家斯布夫Spoof,他发明了Spoof喜剧,喜剧演员在电视剧里表演滑稽讽刺剧,包括打趣和滑稽言辞。
inscription[in5skripFEn] n. 题名,铭文,题词;碑文
例句Whatdoes the inscription say? 这碑文记叙的是什么?
debut [5debju;5deibju:] n. 初次登台;开张
vi. 初次登台
例句①Helen made her debut at a party whenshe was eighteen. 海伦十八岁时在一次聚会上初次进入社交界。
②She made a successful debut. 她初次登台获得成功。
助记butt 东西粗大的一端,香烟头,把;debut 刚露出一头,小荷才露尖尖角,首次露面
drudgery [5drQdVEri] n. 苦差事,苦工
例句I amafraid that I shall find it drudgery to teach music to beginner.
我恐怕会觉得教初学者音乐是个单调沉闷的工作。
词组householddrudgery繁琐的家务劳动
untapped [Qn5tApt] adj. 未开发的,未利用的
例句We must make use ofour untapped reservoirs of talent. 我们必须利用我们尚未利用的人才。
词组draw on untappedreserves of strength 动用未曾用过的後备力量
anuntapped source of wealth, talent, inspiration 未利用的财源/聪明才智/灵感
二、课文精解
TextA
1. I walked alongside my father, clutching his right hand:clutching his right 是现在分词结构,在句中做伴随状语。
2. …I turned towards herfrom time to time…: fromtime to time 在这里表示“不时,有时”的意思,例如:She sat silently,flinging the odd word into the conversation from time to time.她静静地坐着听谈话,不时插进一两句。
3.“Why school?” I asked my father. “What have I done?”:why school 是一个省略句,体现出孩子对上学的不满心理。what have I done 虽然是问句,实际上却不需要回答,是一个反问句,将孩子不满的心理表达的淋漓尽致。
4. …I did not believe there was really any good to be had intearing me away from my home …: there is no good doing sth.是常用句型,表示“做什么事是,没用的”,例如There is no good quarreling aboutthe trifle。tear sb. away表示“把(某人)勉强拉开”,例如:I couldn’t tear myself away fromthe novel. 这本小说让我不忍释手。
5. I hesitated and clung to his hand…: cling to 在这里表示“紧握不放”的意思,例如:Themother clung to her son as he said good-bye.儿子告别时,母亲紧紧抓住他不放。
6. Our path, however, was not totally sweet and unclouded:本句在文章中起到了承上启下的作用,为下文的发展做了铺垫。另外此句采用了转喻的修辞手法。因为path 和the process of living and learning atschool 具有相近的特点,从而产生代替。
7. Even more frequently shewould resort to physical punishment:resort 在这里表示“依靠,求助于”的意思,例如:Shall we resort to entreaty and humble supplication? 我们应该诉诸和约和卑下的哀求吗?
8. Here and there stoodconjurers showing off their tricks or making snakes appear and disappear frombaskets:此句是主位倒装句,主语为conjurers showing…baskets,谓语是stood,为了避免主语过长,造成头重脚轻。showing off和making是两个现在分词形式作conjurers的补足语。
9. I was in a daze: ina daze在此处表示“恍惚”的意思,例如:I made my way to English class in a daze。我神思恍惚地向英语教室走去。
10. He stretched out his armand said, "Grandpa, let me take you across.":stretch out在此处表示“伸展,伸出”的意思,The desertseemed to stretch out before themendlessly. 沙漠好像在他们面前无限伸展开来。
TextB
1. I’d been on my own as alive-in mother’s helper since I was fifteen: live-in mother’s helper 在此处表示“帮助自己住宿家庭的妈妈照看孩子”,例如:To earn her school fee, Lisa has to be a live-inmother’s helper.
2. I’d longed to participate in extracurricular activities: long to在此处表示“渴望做某事”,例如:He longed to be ascientist since he was a child.他从小就梦想成为一位科学家。
3. It didn’t occur to me totake a snap course: it occur to sb. to do sth.表示:是某人想起,例如:It didn’t occur to me to join the army.我从来没有想过要参军。
4. It was taught by ProfessorSears Jayne, who roamed the stage of a huge auditorium, wearing a microphonewhile lecturing to packed rows:who 引导定语从句,修饰Jayne, 现在分词短语wearing a microphone做伴随状语,描述了杰恩教授讲课时的样子。此处packed rows指上课的学生们。
5. On the ground floor, amid tables heaped with testbooklets, I picked out mine:本句是一个倒装句,将地点状语on the ground floor 置于句首,主要是为了强调地点,amid和heapedwith说明试卷非常多。pick out表示“挑选出”,例如:I have picked out the bad tomatoesfrom the basket.我把篮子里的坏西红柿拣出来。
6. I confronted the teachingassistant, who referred me to Professor Jayne, who listened to my impassionedarguments but remained unmoved:注意句中两个who所修饰的不同对象,第一个who修饰assistant,第二个who修饰Jayne.
7. I resolved to try harder,although I didn’t know what that meant because school had always been easy forme: resolve 表示“下决心”,例如:I resolve to try harder to achieve an A degree.我下决心努力工作,争取取得A的好成绩。
8. …so it seemed logical tohaul out my trusty old Royal manual typewriter…: haul out表示“拉出”,例如Walruses "haul out" onto the ice to rest andbear young. 海象“出动”到冰层上歇息并生育幼崽。 Royal manual typewriter是“皇家手动打字机”。
9. …I managed to pound them out: pound out 表示“连续猛击”。例如:The blacksmith pounded an iron sheetout to a wash-basin.铁匠把一张铁皮敲打成一个脸盆。
10. I had worked my head off,as I had never done before25:work hand off 表示“苦干’,例如:It means thatyou're willing to work your head off to achieve your company's goals. 这意味着你愿意拼命地工作以实现公司的目标。