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一、词汇短语
PART 2 Reading-CenteredActivities
In-ClassReading
agreat many很多,许多
例句The sky was indigo blue, and agreat many stars were shining. 天空一片深蓝,闪烁着点点繁星。
describeoneself as 把自己描述为…
例句Would you describe yourself asoutgoing or more reserved? 你认为你是个外向的人还是内向的人?
dull [dQl] adj. 迟钝的,呆滞的;单调的;不锋利的
vt. 使迟钝;使阴暗;缓和
vi. 减少;变迟钝
例句Old age is dulling my thinking. 年龄的增长使我思想日见迟钝了。
派生dully adv.迟钝地;沉闷地;没精打采地
overweight [5EuvEweit] adj. 超重的;过重的;超过规定重量的
n. 超重;偏重;优势
vt. 使…装载过重;使…负担过重;在重量上超过
例句If your luggage is overweight, you’ll have topay extra. 假如你的行李过重了,你得付额外的运费。
excessive[ik5sesiv] adj. 过分的,过多的,额外的
例句The food was bad and the bill wasexcessive in this restaurant. 这家餐馆饭菜很糟,但价钱又很贵。
excessively [Ik5sesIvlI] adv. 过分地,非常地
例句The doctor advised him not to drinkexcessively. 医生劝他不要饮酒过度。
worrisome [5wQrisEm] adj. 令人不安的
例句Worrisome thoughts are constantly swirling inmy mind. 令人烦恼的想法一直在我的脑海中盘旋。
swirl [swE:l] v. 打漩,头晕
n. 漩涡;打旋;涡状形
例句The noise made my head swirl.喧闹声使我头脑发晕。
词组swirls of smoke烟雾袅袅
助记whirl (音:涡)回旋,旋转
unattractive [7QnE5trAktiv] adj. 不引人注意的;丑陋的;无吸引力的;枯燥的
例句The market is still unattractive to manyinsurers. 市场对许多保险公司依然没有吸引力。
uncomfortable[Qn5kQmfEtEbl] adj. 不舒服的,不安的,不合意的
例句Your intent gaze made heruncomfortable. 你的注目凝视使她感到不自在。
搭配an uncomfortable silence 令人困窘的沉默
bein an uncomfortable position 处于困难的立场
adverse[5AdvE:s] adj. 逆的,相反的,敌对的;有害的,不利的
例句Adverse circumstances compelledhim to close his business. 生意不景气,迫使他停业。
助记ad(坏)+vers(转)+e→往坏的方向转→不利的
派生adversative adj. 反意的;表示相反的
adversely [Ed5vE:slI] adv. 逆地,反对地;不利地;有害地
例句Price changes must not adverselyaffect the living standards of the people.
物价变化一定不能给人们的生活水准带来负面影响。
profound [prE5faund] adj. 深刻的,意义深远的;渊博的;深奥的
例句We had a profound lesson inideological education yesterday. 昨天我们上了一堂深刻的思想教育课。
助记pro(向前)+found(找)→话语中可以找到更多内容→深奥的。
派生profoundly adv. 深刻地;深深地;极度地
self-worth [self5w\:W] n. (=self-esteem)自尊;自大;自负
例句Try not to link your sense ofself-worth to the opinions of others.
尽量不要将你的自我价值感和别人的意见联系起来。
self-esteem[5selfis5ti:m] n. 自尊;自负,自大
例句The school’s aim is to build theself-esteem of the children. 这所学校的目标是培养学生的自尊。
assurance [E5FuErEns] n. 信心,把握;保证,担保;(人寿)保险
例句He made an unctuousassurance. 他做了个虚请假意的承诺。
助记as(一再)+sur(确实)+ance(名词后缀)→一再确认是否有保证。
encouragement [In5kQrIdVmEnt] n. 鼓励
例句Without her support andencouragement, I could not graduate from the university.
没有她的支持和鼓励,我不可能大学毕业。
enthusiastic [in7Wju:zi5Astik] adj.热心的,热情的
例句That little boyis very enthusiastic about chess. 那个小男孩对国际象棋着了迷。
词组enthusiastic about 热情;对…热心
enthusiastically [in7Wju:zi5AstiklI] adv. 热心地,满腔热情地;起劲
例句Theannouncement was greeted enthusiastically. 公告受到人们的热烈欢迎。
spontaneous[spRn5teiniEs] adj. 自然的;自发的;自然产生的
例句The eruption of a volcano isspontaneous. 火山爆发是自发的。
助记sponsor + 音:太牛→发起者太牛,是自发发起的
派生spontaneously adv. 自发地;自然地;不由自主地
spontaneously [spRn5teiniEslI] adv. 自然地,自发地,不由自主地;不禁
例句Opportunities for learning occurspontaneously every day. 学习的机会每天都会自然而然地出现。
criticism [5kritisiz(E)m] n. 评论性文章,评论;批评,指责;非难
例句Hispartial attitude called forth a lot of criticism. 他的偏袒态度招致了不少批评。
improvement [im5pru:vmEnt] n. 改进,进步,增进;改进措施
例句Much improvementhas been made in the public order of the city. 这个城市的公共秩序有了很大的改进。
词组improvement in 好转;表示原物有改进
roomfor improvement 改进的余地
continualimprovement 持续改进
valueimprovement 价值改进
landimprovement 土地改良
contrast [5kCntrAst] v.. 使与…对比,使与…对照
vi. 和…形成对照
n. 对比,对照
例句Thereis a sharp contrast between his earlier and later works. 他的早期作品和晚期作品截然不同。
词组incontrast to/with与…对比起来
助记contra(相反)十st(街道)→与街道的对面形成对照
inferiority [in7fiEri5Criti ] n. 下等,初等,低劣
例句The enemy forces were reduced to absoluteinferiority. 敌军已处于绝对劣势。
搭配inferiority complex 自卑情结;自卑感
a sense of inferiority【心理】自卑情绪;自卑
助记inferior adj.(地位、等级等)低等的,下级的,低于…的;be inferior to sb./sth.低于或不如某人或某物。
compliment [5kCmplimEnt]n. 称赞,恭维;致意;问候;道贺
vt. 称赞,恭维
例句Shereceived many compliments. 她受到了许多人称赞。
词组compliment someone on 称赞某人的…
助记源自comply 顺从别人时的言行;
派生complimentary adj. 赠送的;称赞的;问候的
unworthy [Qn5wE:Ti] adj. 不值得的,不配得到的;不相称的;不合身份的;卑鄙的,可耻的
例句①I am unworthy of this honor.我不配得到这一荣誉。
②Unworthybuildings should be demolished.无价值的房屋应予以拆除。
词组be unworthy of 不值得,不配
派生adv. unworthily 不相称地;可耻地;不值得尊敬地;无价值地
n. unworthiness 无价值;不相称
statement[5steitmEnt] n. 声明,陈述,综述;报表,清单
例句The two governments issued anofficial joint statement. 两国政府发表正式联合声明。
词组make a statement 陈述;作供
overdo [5EuvE5du:] v.. 做得过分;使过于疲劳;夸张;耗尽
例句Versatility is another of yourstrong points, but don’t overdo it by having too many irons in the fire.
你还有一个长处是多才多艺,但不要揽事太多而太露锋芒。
detrimental [7detri5mentl] adj. 不利的;有害的
n. 有害的人(或物);[古]不受欢迎的求婚者
例句Lime in the soil is detrimental tosome plants. 土壤里的石灰对某些植物有害。
搭配be detrimental to 对…有害
派生detrimentallyadv. 有害地;不利地
eliminate[i5limineit] v. 除去,删除,消除;淘汰;削减(人员)
例句Let us eliminate all uncertain onthought. 让我们从思想上消除一切疑惑。
助记e(出来)+limi(限制)+n+ate(动词后缀)→排出到界限以外→淘汰。
派生elimination n. 消除;淘汰;除去
go hand in hand齐头并进;手拉手地前进;紧密相关
例句Music and emotions go hand in hand. 音乐和人的情感是密切相关的。
inferior[in5fiEriE] adj. 次的,较差的,次于…的;(地位、身份)低等的,下级的
n. 下级,晚辈
例句No inferior products should beallowed to pass. 决不允许放过任何次品。
词组be inferior to在…之下,次于,不如
助记infer(推断)+ior→推断的东西是次要的,事实才是依据
派生inferiority n. 自卑;下属;次等;下部
dwell [dwel] v.. 居住;踌躇,凝思;详述
例句Don’t dwell on past failures. 不要老是想着过去的失败。
词组dwell on/upon凝思,详述
助记d(谐音:弟)+well(好,不错)→弟弟住得挺好的。
inadequacy [in5AdikwEsi] n. 不充分,不适当;不完全
例句The failure is due to theinadequacy of preparations. 这次失败是由于准备不足造成的。
self-destructive [selfdis5trQktiv] adj. 自毁的
例句Many people have aself-destructive streak. 很多人都有自毁的倾向。
diminish [di5miniF] v.. 使减少;使变小
vi.减少,缩小;变小
例句His illnessdiminished his strength. 他的病削弱了他的体力。
助记di+mini(小)+(i)sh(使)→变小,减少
派生diminution n. 减少,降低;缩小
reasonable [5ri:znEbl] adj. 合理的;通情达理的;理智的;适度的
例句The management took all reasonablesafety precautions. 管理部门采取了一切合理的安全措施。
converse[kEn5vE:s] v.. 谈话,交谈,认识
n. 倒;逆行;相反的事物
adj. 相反的,颠倒的
例句①He’s willing to converse withanyone about the quotations on the stock market.他愿和任何人谈论股市行情。
②Hesays she is satisfied, but I believe the converse to be true: she is very dissatisfied.
他说她已心满意足了,不过我认为实际情况相反:她很不满意。
词组conversefreely with sb.与某人随便交谈
hold aconverse with…与…谈话
numerous[5nju:mErEs] adj. 众多的,大批的,无数的
例句Numerous interruptions have prevented me fromfinishing my work. 我屡遭搅扰以致工作未能完成。
助记num(b)er(数目)+ous(形容词后缀)→数目多的
speak up更大声地说;无保留地说出
例句UncleHerbert never argued, never spoke up for himself. 赫伯特叔叔从不争论,从不为自己辩护。
rejection[ri5dVekFEn] n. 退回;不合格;拒绝
例句The publisher’s rejection of hismanuscript depressed him.
出版社将他的书退回,这使他很沮丧。
accent[5AksEnt] v.. 重读;强调;加重音符号
n. 口音,腔调;重音(符号)
例句①He speaks with a strong southernaccent. 他说话带有很浓的南方口音。
②Thefirst syllable should be accented. 第一音节应当重读。
thoughtful[5WC:tful] adj. 认真思考的;体贴的,关切的
例句It was thoughtful of you to bringflowers. 你带花来真是考虑周全。
thoughtfully [5WC:tfulI] adv. 沉思地;深虑地;亲切地;体贴地
例句She rubbed her chin thoughtfully. 她若有所思地抚摩着下巴。
interpret[in5tE:prit] v.. 解释,说明;口译,翻译
例句I didn’t presume tointerpret it. 我不敢对这一点妄加解释。
派生interpretation n. 解释;翻译;演出
assure [E5FuE] v..使确信,使放心(of);向…保证
例句Her success asan actress was now assured. 她当演员很成功,已毋庸置疑了。
助记as 加强 + sure 肯定→很肯定→确信
派生assurance n. 保证;保险;确信;断言
of yourchoice由你选择的
例句You can customize the clock with anybackground of your choice.
你可以按照自己选择的不同背景来自己定做你的钟。
associate [E5sEuFieit] v. 联想;使联合;交往,结交
n. 合作人,同事
adj. 副的;联合的
例句Ialways somehow associate Chatterton with autumn. 我总把查特顿与秋天联想在一起。
词组be associatedwith与…联系
associateoneself with投身于…,参加到…中去
助记as 加强 + social 社会的,群体的→加入群体
派生associated adj.关联的;联合的
associationn. 协会,联盟,社团;联合;联想
associabilityn. 可联想性;交感性
have…at heart 想到
例句Certainly.We always have the interest of the customers at heart. 没问题,我们总是把顾客利益放在心上。
set aside留出;驳回,撤销;不顾
例句Heurged the participants to set aside minor differences for the sake of achievingpeace.
他敦促与会者把小分歧抛于脑后,以求实现和平。
reevaluate[9ri:I`vAljJeIt] v. 再评估,再评价
例句However,he asked a step back and reevaluate the relationship.
尽管如此,他还是要求我们都后退一步,重新审视这段感情。
isolate[5aisEleit] v. 隔离,孤立,(使)分离
n. 隔离种群
例句Several villages have beenisolated by the floods. 洪水使好几座村庄与外界隔绝了。
词组isolate from 把…分开或与其他的事物隔断
助记源自island 岛屿是孤立的
派生isolation n. 隔离;孤立;[电] 绝缘
acquaintance[E5kweintEns] n. 认识,相识,了解;相识的人,熟人
例句I have some acquaintance with theRussian. 我懂一点儿俄语。
词组make sb.’s acquaintance/make theacquaintance of sb. 结识某人;与某人相见
助记音:我看它,我总看单词就熟悉了
circulate [5sE:kjuleit] v. (使)流通,(使)循环,使流传;散布,传播
例句Rumors circulated rapidly. 谣言迅速散布开来。
助记circul(circ1e)+ate(动词后缀)→使循环
After-ClassReading
outlook[5autluk] n. 景色,风光;观点;展望,前景
vt. 比…好看;用目光压倒
vi. 朝外看
例句My whole outlook on life haschanged. 我的整个人生观已经改变。
词组outlook on 对…的看法;对…眺望
optimist [`CptImIst] n. 乐天派,乐观者
例句Optimists reckon house prices willmove up with inflation this year.
乐观人士认为今年的房价将会随通货膨胀而上涨。
crib [krib] n. 婴儿床,食槽,栅栏
vi. 抄袭
vt. 拘禁,关入栅栏
例句①His composition is full of cribsfrom textbooks.他的作文尽是一些从教科书上抄下来的文字。
②The baby was sleeping quietly in his crib. 婴儿在他的小床里静静地睡着。
newborn [nju:5bC:n,5nju:bC:n] n. 婴儿
adj. 新生的,再生的
overflow[5EuvE5flEu] v. (使)泛滥,(使)溢出;溢出,流出,漫出
n. 充满,洋溢;泛滥;超值;溢值
例句The river overflowed severalfarms. 河水淹没了几个农场。
词组overflow with 充满着
助记over(超过)+flow(流动)
awe [C:] n. &vt.敬畏,畏惧
例句No difficulty could awe these young men. 任何困难都吓不倒这些年轻人。
词组be/stand in awe of对某人充满敬畏之情
助记音:噢,我敬畏你。
perfection[pE5fekFEn] n. 完满,尽善尽美,完美;精湛,造诣,成就
例句Perfection of the invention tookyears. 完成一项发明需要很多年。
词组to perfection完美地,尽善尽美地,完全地
furry[5fE:ri] adj. 毛皮的,盖着毛皮的;有锅垢的,有舌苔的
例句People like having small furryanimals to stroke, but pets can be expensive to feed.
人们喜欢有毛茸茸的小动物以抚摸,但宠物养起来会很费钱。
attach [E5tAtF] v. 附属;贴,连接;使依恋,使喜爱
例句I am attached to my family. 我对我的家依依不舍。
词组be attached to认为重要
attachto属于,与…有关;加入,参加
attachlabel to parcel给包裹贴标签
助记a + touch 一接触就连上了,火车车厢一touch两车厢就挂上了
派生attached adj. 附加的;依恋的,充满爱心的
attachment n. 附件;依恋;连接物;扣押财产
gown[^aun] n. 女长服,礼服;长袍,法衣;睡袍
vt. 使穿睡衣
例句The girl is all the more beautifulin her wedding gown. 那个女孩穿着婚纱格外美丽动人。
jingle[5dViNgl] n. 丁当声,发丁当声的东西
v. (铃铛)丁当声
例句The coins jingled in his pocket.硬币在他的口袋里叮当作响。
搭配jingle bell 门铃
brand-new adj. 崭新的
例句He bought a brand - new car on instalments. 他以分期付款的方式买了一台崭新的小轿车。
startle[5stB:tl] v. 震惊;使吓一跳;使惊奇
n. 惊愕;惊恐
例句He was startled by the news. 这消息使他大吃一惊。
助记音:死打头,有人突然打你的头一下,吃了一惊
派生startling adj. 令人吃惊的
pediatrician [7pi:diE5triFEn] n. 儿科专家医师
例句Should I call his pediatricianright away or wait and see how it goes?
我应该马上叫他的儿科医师来还是等等看将会怎样?
neurological [njuErEu5lCdVikEl]adj. 神经学上的
搭配neurological disorder 神经障碍;脑神经失调
inthe meantime在此期间;于此际
cheerup使高兴;高兴起来;使振奋
例句I wrote that song just to cheermyself up. 我写了那首歌只是让自己振作起来。
deafness [5defnis] n. 聋,听不清
例句His deafness is a great affliction to him. 耳聋使他非常痛苦。
ruin[5ru(:)in] v. 毁坏,破坏,推翻;(使)破产
n. 毁灭,崩溃;[pl.] 废墟,遗址
例句Both of the cars involved wereruined in the accident. 事故中的两辆车都毁坏了。
词组in ruins 毁坏
助记大雨(rain)毁坏了(ruin)庄稼。音:录影——这段录影反应的是圆明园废墟,被毁灭。
派生ruinous adj. 破坏性的,毁灭性的
cut off隔离;切掉;切断(供给);中断;使死亡;剥夺继承权
例句They werealmost completely cut off from the outside world. 他们几乎完全与外界绝缘了。
soundless [5saundlis] adj. 无声的
例句Thecreek, still and soundless, is closed in by trees, hidden from the eyes of men.
这条小港湾,静寂无声,树木环绕,简直是个世外桃源。
despair [dis5peE] n. 绝望;令人绝望的人或事
vi. 绝望,丧失信心
例句He is the despair of all otherpianists. 他使其他所有的钢琴家都感到失望。
词组fall into despair陷入绝望
indespair绝望地
despairof 失望,丧失信心;对…绝望
助记联想repair是修理,d为去掉,将修理好的东西弄坏,让人失望。de(去掉)+spair(=sper希望)→将希望去掉→绝望。
派生despairing adj. 感到绝望的;表现绝望的;无望的
answeringservice营利性的代客接听电话服务所;接听电话服务
reassure[ri:E5FuE] v. 安慰,(使)放心;使消除疑虑 例句The captain’s confidence during the stormreassured the passengers.
在风暴中,船长的信心使旅客们放宽了心。
disagreement [dIsE5^ri:mEnt] n. 分歧,意见不合;异议,争论;不一致;不适合
例句Britainand France have expressed some disagreement with the proposal.
英国和法国对这项提案已经发表了一些反对意见。
frown [fraun] v. 皱眉,不同意
例句The teacher frowned angrily at thenoisy class. 老师生气地对那班吵吵嚷嚷的学生皱起眉头。
词组frown on/upon不赞成,反对
frown at 对…感到生气不满;对…皱眉
employer[im5plCiE] n. 雇主,老板
例句The car industry is one of ourbiggest employers. 汽车工业是我们最大的雇主之一。
助记employ(雇用)+or(人)→雇用者
jail[dVeil] n. 监狱;监牢;拘留所
vt. 监禁;下狱
例句A day in jail cooled him off. 一天的铁窗生活使他冷静了下来。
搭配in jail在监狱;在狱中服刑;被封锁了
goto jail入狱
divorce [di5vC:s] v.. 使离婚,使分离;与…离婚
n. 离婚;分离
vi. 离婚
例句She got a divorce from him last year. 她去年和他离了婚。
词组be divorced from与…离婚
divorce oneself from与…离婚
派生divorced adj. 离婚的
dismissal [dis5misEl] n. 免职,解雇,
例句Drunkenness at work wassufficient grounds for instant dismissal. 工作时醉酒足可导致立即被开除。
搭配dismissal from his post他的免职
prone[prEun ] adj. 易于,很可能的;平卧的,俯卧的
例句For all her experience as atelevision reporter,she was still prone to cameranerves.
尽管有丰富的做电视记者的经验,她仍然倾向于在镜头前紧张。
词组prone to倾于向,很可能…的
助记pro(向前)+ne(拼音:呢)→倾向…的,易于…的。
temporary[5tempErEri] adj. 暂时的,临时的
n. 临时工,临时雇员
例句That’s only a temporary solutionto the problem. 那只是解决问题的暂时性办法。
助记音“太母婆落泪”。“太母婆”就是母亲的母亲,年纪大,体力弱,她“落泪”只能是临时的,当然是不能长久的。
派生temporal adj. 暂时的;当时的;现世的
reversal[rI5v\:s(E)l] n. 反向,反转;逆转(在运气中通常不利的改变)
例句By August a dramaticreversal had occurred.到了八月份,情况发生了显著的变化。
搭配time reversal 时间反转;时间反演
reversalof fortune 命运的逆转
助记源于:reverse(n. 相反;adj. 相反的;v. 颠倒),re反,verse转
bounce [bauns] v. (使)反跳,弹起;冲进;击球;退票
n. (球)跳起,弹回;弹力
例句The car bounced over thepotholes. 汽车在坑坑洼洼中晃来晃去。
词组bounce sb. out of sth,骗走某人的东西
bounceoff 弹开,反弹;从…弹跳出来;掂量…
派生bouncing adj. 跳跃的;巨大的;活泼的
bouncer n. 保镖;巨大的东西;跳跃的人;吹牛者
undermine[7QndE5main] v. 喑中破坏,逐渐削弱;侵蚀…的基础
例句The house is unsafe since thefoundation was undermined by floods.
由于洪水侵蚀了地基,房子变得不安全了。
助记under下,mine(v 挖矿)——在下面挖——暗中破坏。
confront [kEn5frQnt] v.. 面临,遭遇;面对,正视;对抗
例句He swung round toconfront his accusers. 他突然转过身来面对著那些指控他的人。
词组beconfronted with/be confronted by 面临,面对,碰上
助记con+ front(前面)→在前面出来→迎面遇到
派生confrontational adj. 对抗的;对抗性的
confrontationn. 对抗;面对;对质
hardknock不幸,困苦,挫折
例句Beforesuccess, we must take many hard knocks. 在成功之前,我们需要要磨练。
misfortune[mis5fC:tFEn] n. 不幸,灾祸,灾难
例句He is always ready to help peoplein misfortune. 他总是乐于帮助遭厄运的人。
setback [5setbAk] n.挫折;失效;倒退;逆流;(疾病的)复发
例句He has pulled in his horns sincethat setback. 碰了钉子以后,他收敛些了。
助记set调整 + back,调整回去
confine[5kCnfain] v.. 限制;禁闭
n. 界限,边界,范围
例句I am sick,I have to confine to bed. 我病了,我得卧床休息。
助记con(全部)+fin(限制)+e→全限制→监禁
派生confinement n. 限制;监禁;分娩
prediction[pri5dikFEn] n. 预见,预言
例句He was unwilling to make aprediction for the coming year. 他不愿对来年作出预言。
aptitude [5Aptitju:d] n. 天资,才能;倾向,习性
例句①He is a boy ofremarkable aptitude.他是一个神童。
②Hedrifted into publishing and discovered an aptitude for working with accounts.
他偶入出版界,发现自己具有管账的天资。
词组havean aptitude for有…的天性,有…的才能
have an aptitude to(vices)易染(恶习)
runfor竞选;匆匆去取;赶紧去请
例句Mr Brown did not want to run for governor ofthe state last year. 布朗先生去年不想竞选州长。
apt [Apt] adj. 恰当的,适当的;易于…的,有…倾向的;灵敏的
例句Food is apt to deteriorate in summer. 食物在夏天容易变质。
词组apt to易于…的;适当的
助记近于appropriate 适当的
unusually [Qn5ju:VuEli] adv. 不平常地;通常地
例句Our gas bill for the last quarterwas unusually high. 我们上季度的煤气费异常地高。
搭配an unusually tense moment 非常紧张的时刻
convince [kEn5vins] v.. (of)使确信,使信服
例句He convinced me that I shouldstudy law. 他劝我应该学法律。
词组convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
助记con+vine(征服)+e→征服→说服,使信服
habitually [hE5bItjJElI] adv. 习惯地
例句His mother had a patient whohabitually flew into rages.他母亲有个老是大发雷霆的病人。
enduring [in5djuEriN] adj. 持久的,不朽的
例句What is the reason for the game’senduring appeal?
这种游戏为什么具有经久不衰的吸引力呢?
grip[^rip] v. & n. 紧握,抓紧;掌握
例句She was unable to get to gripswith her assailant. 她无力与袭击她的人扭打。
词组gripped by/with fear 吓住
come/getto grips with努力对付;认真谈论
inthe grip of 受…控制
geta grip on 控制;把握关键;管束;抓拄
havea grip on 掌握,理解[亦作have a grip of];抓住,吸引(观众、听众等)
助记g(哥哥)+rip(撕裂)→哥哥紧紧抓住被撕裂的衣服
派生gripping adj. 扣人心弦的;引人注意的;令人全神贯注的
prophecy[5prCfisi] n. 预言
v. 预言
例句He prophesied that the end of theworld was near.他预言世界末日即将来临。
self-fulfilling [7selffJl5fIlIN] adj. 自我实现的,实现自己抱负的;(预言等)本身自然会实现的
例句Their enthusiasm became a self -fulfilling prophecy. 他们的踊跃成为一种自我实现的预言。
二、课文精解
Part 2 Reading-Centered Activities
In-Class Reading
1.All kinds of people describe themselves as shy…
describe... as描述成…。例:
Even his closest allies describe him asforceful, aggressive, and determined.甚至他最亲密的同盟者们都说他强势、好斗且坚决。
与describe…as结构类似的还有:accept…as, interpret…as, regard…as, view…as。
2. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious1, that is, theyare excessively concerned with their own appearance and actions.
that is为插入语,意为“即;就是说”。
concerned with关心。例:
Lawyers, by contrast, areconcerned with fair procedure and individual rights.相比之下,律师关心的是公平的程序和个人权利。
3. A person’s self-concept is reflected in the way he or shebehaves,…
self-concept自我概念。self-意为“自我的,自身的”,文中出现了多处由self-与名词构成的复合词,如:
self-worth(自我价值),self-esteem(自尊),self-assurance(自信),self-confident(自信的),self-confidence(自信),self-destructive(自我毁灭)。
4. For instance, people who have a positive sense ofself-worth or high self-esteem usually act with confidence.
a sense of…的感觉。如:a sense of urgency(紧迫感),a sense of helplessness(无助感),a sense of inferiority(自卑感),a sense of safety(安全感)。
act with以…方式行事。例:
You shouldn’t act with violence in any situation.在任何情况下你都不应诉诸暴力。
5. In contrast, shy people, having low self-esteem, arelikely to be passive and easily influenced by others,…
in contrast与此相比,比较起来。例:
In contrast, in space there is an absence ofweather and therefore no such interference.相比之下,太空中没有恶劣天气的干扰。
现在分词短语having low self-esteem作定语修饰shypeople,相当于who have low self-esteem。
be likely to倾向于,很有可能。
6.Shy people are very sensitive to criticism;…
be sensitive to对…感到敏感。例:
Reporters shouldremember and be sensitive to different cultural traditions.新闻工作者应记牢记人们有不同的文化传统,并对这些不同传统保持敏感。
7. They also find it difficult to be pleased by complimentsbecause they believe they are unworthy of praise.
compliment恭维,称赞。注意与complement(补足物)区分开。
unworthy of不值得。例:
I am unworthy of all the kindnessand faithfulness you have shown your servant.你向仆人所施的一切慈爱和诚实,我一点也不配得。
8. Very often a disappointment becomes a turning point for awonderful experience to come along.
turning point转折点。例:
The vote yesterday appears to mark a turningpoint in the war.昨天的投票似乎标志着这场战争的一个转折点。
come along出现。例:
I waited a long time until ascript came along that I thought was genuinely funny.我等了很久才碰巧拿到一个我认为着实滑稽的剧本。
9.Do not associate with people who make you feel inadequate.
associate with和…来往。例:
Never associate with bad companions.别和坏人交往。
此外,associatewith还有“联合;与…联系在一起”的意思。例:
One usually associates poverty with misery.人们一说到贫穷,常常就联想起悲惨的境遇。
10. Set aside time to relax, enjoy hobbies, and reevaluateyour goals regularly.
set aside留出。与set相关的一些词组还有:
set up建立;装配;
set out出发;开始;
set in开始;到来;
set forth陈述,提出;
set off出发;引起;动身;
set by把…留开。
11.Try making one acquaintance at a time;…
make acquaintance认识。例:
I first made his acquaintance in the early1960s.我在20世纪60年代初第一次认识了他。
12. The better weunderstand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential.
本句为the more…, the more…的结构,表示“越…,越…”。
After-Class Reading
1.Your attitude strongly reflects your outlook on life.
outlook on life人生观。例:
Optimism is a healthy outlook onlife.乐观是一种健康的人生观。
2. Can you see how your way of looking actually does coloryour attitude?
how引导的从句作see的宾语,介词短语of looking作定语修饰way。
color原意为“涂色”,此处表示“影响”。
3. His heart is overflowing with awe and gratitude for thebeauty of her, the perfection.
overflow with充满着。例:
May my lips overflow with praise,for you teach me your decrees.愿我的嘴发出赞美的话。因为你将律例教训我。
4. He picks up a furry little toy attached to the rail ofthe crib and shakes it,…
attach to附属于;系于。例:
A tag was attached to eacharticle.每件物品上都系上了标签。
5.It’s as if she can’t hear.
当所表达的句子是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时,as if之后的从句用陈述语气。当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时,as if后的从句用虚拟语气。此处表示一种极有可能的事,因此用陈述句。
6.“There;” the mother says. “Doesn’t that make you feel better?”
there为感叹词,用于表达证明自己是对的时候的一种满足感。
7.By Sunday night he has sunk into despair.
by表示时间上的“到…时”。
sink into陷入。例:
This rule has sink into disuse.这条原则渐被废弃了。
8. The mother leaves a message with the pediatrician’sanswering service asking for an early appointment Monday.
answering service(为外出的用户)代接电话服务处;(营利性的)代客接听电话服务。
9. Not until a week later, when the baby shows her firststartle to the loud sound of a passing truck does he begin to recover and enjoyhis new daughter again.
not until放句首,句子主谓倒装。when引导时间状语从句。
10.He is prone to depression…
be prone to易于,有…的倾向。例:
He is prone to lose his temper when peopledisagree with him.人家一不同意他的意见,他就发脾气.
11.After a reversal, she bounces back quickly…
bounce back反弹;迅速恢复活力。例:
He is young enough to bounce back from this disappointment.他非常年轻,会从这次失望中振作起来。
12. The optimists, who are confronted with the same hardknocks of this world…
hard knocks为美国口语,表示“不幸,困苦,挫折”。例:
The more hard knocks you experienced, thefaster you grow.经历的痛苦越多,成长的越快。
13.They regularly exceed the predictions of aptitude tests…
aptitude tests能力倾向试验。主要考查被测者适于学习什么专业或从事什么技术工作的能力。
14. Twenty-five years of study has convinced me that if wehabitually believe, as does the pessimist, that misfortune is our fault, isenduring, and will undermine everything we do, more of it will happen to usthan if we believe otherwise.
本句较长。句子主干是Twenty-five years of study has convinced me that…。第一个that引导名词性从句和me一起作convince的宾语,as does the pessimist为插入语。该宾语从句中包含条件状语从句,该条件从句中,that引导的从句作believe的宾语,其中is …, is…, and will undermine…三部分并列作谓语。